本文主要是介绍jQuery 之 Callback 实现,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
在 js 开发中,由于没有多线程,经常会遇到回调这个概念,比如说,在 ready 函数中注册回调函数,注册元素的事件处理等等。在比较复杂的场景下,当一个事件发生的时候,可能需要同时执行多个回调方法,可以直接考虑到的实现就是实现一个队列,将所有事件触发时需要回调的函数都加入到这个队列中保存起来,当事件触发的时候,从这个队列重依次取出保存的函数并执行。
可以如下简单的实现。
首先,实现一个类函数来表示这个回调类。在 javascript 中,使用数组来表示这个队列。
function Callbacks() {this.list = []; }
然后,通过原型实现类中的方法。增加和删除的函数都保存在数组中,fire 的时候,可以提供参数,这个参数将会被传递给每个回调函数。
Callbacks.prototype = {add: function(fn) {this.list.push(fn);},remove: function(fn){var position = this.list.indexOf(fn);if( position >=0){this.list.splice(position, 1);}},fire: function(args){for(var i=0; i<this.list.length; i++){var fn = this.list[i];fn(args);}} };
测试代码如下:
function fn1(args){console.log("fn1: " + args); }function fn2(args){console.log("fn2: " + args); }var callbacks = new Callbacks(); callbacks.add(fn1); callbacks.fire("Alice");callbacks.add(fn2); callbacks.fire("Tom");callbacks.remove(fn1); callbacks.fire("Grace");
或者,不使用原型,直接通过闭包来实现。
function Callbacks() {var list = [];return {add: function(fn) {list.push(fn);},remove: function(fn){var position = list.indexOf(fn);if( position >=0){list.splice(position, 1);}},fire: function(args) {for(var i=0; i<list.length; i++){var fn = list[i];fn(args);} }}; }
这样的话,示例代码也需要调整一下。我们直接对用 Callbacks 函数就可以了。
function fn1(args){console.log("fn1: " + args); }function fn2(args){console.log("fn2: " + args); }var callbacks = Callbacks(); callbacks.add(fn1); callbacks.fire("Alice");callbacks.add(fn2); callbacks.fire("Tom");callbacks.remove(fn1); callbacks.fire("Grace");
下面我们使用第二种方式继续进行。
对于更加复杂的场景来说,我们需要只能 fire 一次,以后即使调用了 fire ,也不再生效了。
比如说,可能在创建对象的时候,成为这样的形式。这里使用 once 表示仅仅能够 fire 一次。
var callbacks = Callbacks("once");
那么,我们的代码也需要进行一下调整。其实很简单,如果设置了 once,那么,在 fire 之后,将原来的队列中直接干掉就可以了。
function Callbacks(options) {var once = options === "once";var list = [];return {add: function(fn) {if(list){list.push(fn);}},remove: function(fn){if(list){var position = list.indexOf(fn);if( position >=0){list.splice(position, 1);}}},fire: function(args) {if(list){for(var i=0; i<list.length; i++){var fn = list[i];fn(args);}}if( once ){list = undefined;}}}; }
jQuery 中,不只提供了 once 一种方式,而是提供了四种类型的不同方式:
- once: 只能够触发一次。
- memory: 当队列已经触发之后,再添加进来的函数就会直接被调用,不需要再触发一次。
- unique: 保证函数的唯一
- stopOnFalse: 只要有一个回调返回 false,就中断后继的调用。
这四种方式可以组合,使用空格分隔传入构造函数即可,比如 $.Callbacks("once memory unique");
官方文档中,提供了一些使用的示例。
callbacks.add(fn1, [fn2, fn3,...])//添加一个/多个回调
callbacks.remove(fn1, [fn2, fn3,...])//移除一个/多个回调
callbacks.fire(args)//触发回调,将args传递给fn1/fn2/fn3……
callbacks.fireWith(context, args)//指定上下文context然后触发回调
callbacks.lock()//锁住队列当前的触发状态
callbacks.disable()//禁掉管理器,也就是所有的fire都不生效
由于构造函数串实际上是一个字符串,所以,我们需要先分析这个串,构建为一个方便使用的对象。
// String to Object options format cache var optionsCache = {};// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones and store in cache function createOptions( options ) {var object = optionsCache[ options ] = {};jQuery.each( options.match( rnotwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {object[ flag ] = true;});return object; }
这个函数将如下的参数 "once memory unique" 转换为一个对象。
{once: true,memory: true,unique: true }
再考虑一些特殊的情况,比如在 fire 处理队列中,某个函数又在队列中添加了一个回调函数,或者,在队列中又删除了某个回调函数。为了处理这种情况,我们可以在遍历整个队列的过程中,记录下当前处理的起始下标、当前处理的位置等信息,这样,我们就可以处理类似并发的这种状况了。
// Flag to know if list was already fired fired, // Flag to know if list is currently firing firing, // First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith) firingStart, // End of the loop when firing firingLength, // Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed) firingIndex, // Actual callback list list = [],
如果在 fire 处理过程中,某个函数又调用了 fire 来触发事件呢?
我们可以将这个嵌套的事件先保存起来,等到当前的回调序列处理完成之后,再检查被保存的事件,继续完成处理。显然,使用队列是处理这种状况的理想数据结构,如果遇到这种状况,我们就将事件数据入队,待处理的时候,依次出队数据进行处理。什么时候需要这种处理呢?显然不是在 once 的状况下。在 JavaScript 中,堆队列也是通过数组来实现的,push 用来将数据追加到数组的最后,而 shift 用来出队,从数组的最前面获取数据。
不过,jQuery 没有称为队列,而是称为了 stack.
// Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists stack = !options.once && [],
入队代码。
if ( firing ) {stack.push( args ); }
出队代码。
if ( list ) {if ( stack ) {if ( stack.length ) {fire( stack.shift() );}} else if ( memory ) {list = [];} else {self.disable();} }
先把基本结构定义出来,函数的开始定义我们使用的变量。
jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {var options = createOptions(options);var memory,// Flag to know if list was already fired// 是否已经 fire 过 fired,// Flag to know if list is currently firing// 当前是否还处于 firing 过程中 firing,// First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith)// fire 调用的起始下标 firingStart,// End of the loop when firing// 需要 fire 调用的队列长度 firingLength,// Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed)// 当前正在 firing 的回调在队列的索引 firingIndex,// Actual callback list// 回调队列list = [],// Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists// 如果不是 once 的,stack 实际上是一个队列,用来保存嵌套事件 fire 所需的上下文跟参数stack = !options.once && [],_fire = function( data ) {};var self = {add : function(){},remove : function(){},has : function(){},empty : function(){},fireWith : function(context, args){_fire([context, args]);};fire : function(args){this.fireWith(this, args);}/* other function */}return self; };
其中的 stack 用来保存在 fire 之后添加进来的函数。
而 firingIndex, firingLength 则用来保证在调用函数的过程中,我们还可以对这个队列进行操作。实现并发的处理。
我们从 add 函数开始。
add: function() {if ( list ) { // 如果使用了 once,在触发完成之后,就不能再添加回调了。// First, we save the current length, 保存当前的队列长度var start = list.length;(function add( args ) {jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { var type = jQuery.type( arg );if ( type === "function" ) {if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {list.push( arg );}} else if ( arg && arg.length && type !== "string" ) {// Inspect recursively add( arg );}});})( arguments );// Do we need to add the callbacks to the// current firing batch? 正在 firing 中,队列长度发生了变化if ( firing ) {firingLength = list.length;// With memory, if we're not firing then// we should call right away 如果是 memory 状态,而且已经触发过了,直接触发, memory 是保存了上次触发的状态} else if ( memory ) {firingStart = start;fire( memory );}}return this; },
删除就简单一些了。检查准备删除的函数是否在队列中,while 的作用是一个回调可能被多次添加到队列中。
// Remove a callback from the list remove: function() {if ( list ) {jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {var index;while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {list.splice( index, 1 );// Handle firing indexesif ( firing ) {if ( index <= firingLength ) {firingLength--;}if ( index <= firingIndex ) {firingIndex--;}}}});}return this; },
has, empty, disable, disabled 比较简单。
// Check if a given callback is in the list. // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. has: function( fn ) {return fn ? jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : !!( list && list.length ); }, // Remove all callbacks from the list empty: function() {list = [];firingLength = 0;return this; }, // Have the list do nothing anymore disable: function() {list = stack = memory = undefined;return this; }, // Is it disabled? disabled: function() {return !list; },
锁住的意思其实是不允许再触发事件,stack 本身也用来表示是否禁止再触发事件。所以,通过直接将 stack 设置为 undefined,就关闭了再次触发事件的可能。
// Lock the list in its current state lock: function() {stack = undefined;if ( !memory ) {self.disable();}return this; }, // Is it locked? locked: function() {return !stack; },
fire 是暴露的触发方法。fireWith 则可以指定当前的上下文,也就是回调函数中使用的 this 。第一行的 if 判断中表示了触发事件的条件,必须存在 list,必须有 stack 或者还没有触发过。
// Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments fireWith: function( context, args ) {if ( list && ( !fired || stack ) ) {args = args || [];args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];if ( firing ) {stack.push( args );} else {fire( args );}}return this; }, // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments fire: function() {self.fireWith( this, arguments );return this; }, // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once fired: function() {return !!fired; } };
真正的 fire 函数。
// Fire callbacks fire = function( data ) {memory = options.memory && data;fired = true;firingIndex = firingStart || 0;firingStart = 0;firingLength = list.length;firing = true;for ( ; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++ ) {if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( data[ 0 ], data[ 1 ] ) === false && options.stopOnFalse ) {memory = false; // To prevent further calls using addbreak;}}firing = false;if ( list ) {if ( stack ) {if ( stack.length ) {fire( stack.shift() );}} else if ( memory ) {list = [];} else {self.disable();}} },
jQuery-2.1.3.js 中的 Callback 实现。
/** Create a callback list using the following parameters:** options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how* the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object** By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be* "fired" multiple times.** Possible options:** once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)** memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added* after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"* values (like a Deferred)** unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)** stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false**/ jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {// Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed// (we check in cache first)options = typeof options === "string" ?( optionsCache[ options ] || createOptions( options ) ) :jQuery.extend( {}, options );var // Last fire value (for non-forgettable lists) memory,// Flag to know if list was already fired fired,// Flag to know if list is currently firing firing,// First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith) firingStart,// End of the loop when firing firingLength,// Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed) firingIndex,// Actual callback listlist = [],// Stack of fire calls for repeatable listsstack = !options.once && [],// Fire callbacksfire = function( data ) {memory = options.memory && data;fired = true;firingIndex = firingStart || 0;firingStart = 0;firingLength = list.length;firing = true;for ( ; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++ ) {if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( data[ 0 ], data[ 1 ] ) === false && options.stopOnFalse ) {memory = false; // To prevent further calls using addbreak;}}firing = false;if ( list ) {if ( stack ) {if ( stack.length ) {fire( stack.shift() );}} else if ( memory ) {list = [];} else {self.disable();}}},// Actual Callbacks objectself = {// Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the listadd: function() {if ( list ) {// First, we save the current lengthvar start = list.length;(function add( args ) {jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {var type = jQuery.type( arg );if ( type === "function" ) {if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {list.push( arg );}} else if ( arg && arg.length && type !== "string" ) {// Inspect recursively add( arg );}});})( arguments );// Do we need to add the callbacks to the// current firing batch?if ( firing ) {firingLength = list.length;// With memory, if we're not firing then// we should call right away} else if ( memory ) {firingStart = start;fire( memory );}}return this;},// Remove a callback from the listremove: function() {if ( list ) {jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {var index;while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {list.splice( index, 1 );// Handle firing indexesif ( firing ) {if ( index <= firingLength ) {firingLength--;}if ( index <= firingIndex ) {firingIndex--;}}}});}return this;},// Check if a given callback is in the list.// If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.has: function( fn ) {return fn ? jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : !!( list && list.length );},// Remove all callbacks from the listempty: function() {list = [];firingLength = 0;return this;},// Have the list do nothing anymoredisable: function() {list = stack = memory = undefined;return this;},// Is it disabled?disabled: function() {return !list;},// Lock the list in its current statelock: function() {stack = undefined;if ( !memory ) {self.disable();}return this;},// Is it locked?locked: function() {return !stack;},// Call all callbacks with the given context and argumentsfireWith: function( context, args ) {if ( list && ( !fired || stack ) ) {args = args || [];args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];if ( firing ) {stack.push( args );} else {fire( args );}}return this;},// Call all the callbacks with the given argumentsfire: function() {self.fireWith( this, arguments );return this;},// To know if the callbacks have already been called at least oncefired: function() {return !!fired;}};return self; };
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