本文主要是介绍Okhttp3系列之(4) - HttpClient和OkHttp调用服务的区别,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
有关于HttpClient和OkHttp两种调用服务的方式区别,我们先到overstackflow上看看大牛们的讨论。
所以从使用、性能、超时配置方面进行比较
1. 使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务,一般服务暴露出来的接口都为http,http常用请求类型就为GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,因此主要介绍这些请求类型的调用。
HttpClient使用介绍
使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:
- 创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象,前者同步,后者为异步。
- 创建Http请求对象。
- 调用execute方法执行请求,如果是异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法。
创建连接:
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
该连接为同步连接
GET请求:
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求,HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求。
PUT请求:
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {String api = "/api/user";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
POST请求:
添加对象
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {String api = "/api/user";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
该请求是一个创建对象的请求,需要传入一个json字符串。
上传文件
@Test
public void testUpload1() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf");FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上传文件HttpEntity entity = builder.build();httpPost.setEntity(entity);CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
通过addPart上传文件
DELETE请求:
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {String api = "/api/user/12";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
请求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancel() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间//测试连接的取消long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);while (true) {if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {httpGet.abort();System.out.println("task canceled");break;}}System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
调用abort方法取消请求,执行结果:
task canceled
cost 8098 msc
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用介绍
使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:
- 创建OkHttpClient对象。
- 创建Request对象。
- 将Request 对象封装为Call。
- 通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求,调用execute方法同步执行,调用enqueue方法异步执行。
创建连接:
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET请求:
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).get().build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
PUT请求:
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {String api = "/api/user";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);//请求参数UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).put(requestBody).build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
POST请求:
添加对象
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {String api = "/api/user";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);//请求参数JSONObject json = new JSONObject();json.put("name", "hetiantian");RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json));Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(requestBody) //post请求.build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
上传文件
@Test
public void testUpload() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder().setType(MultipartBody.FORM).addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf"))).build();Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(requestBody) //默认为GET请求,可以不写.build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件。
DELETE请求:
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);//请求参数Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).delete().build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
请求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {String api = "/api/files/1";String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).get().build();final Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();long start = System.currentTimeMillis();//测试连接的取消while (true) {//1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {call.cancel();System.out.println("task canceled");break;}}System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果:
task canceled
cost 9110 mscjava.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小结:
OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些,并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型,不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型
依赖包上,如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传,需要额外的引入异步请求依赖。
<!---文件上传--><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpmime</artifactId><version>4.5.3</version></dependency><!--异步请求--><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId><version>4.5.3</version></dependency>
请求的取消,HttpClient使用abort方法,OkHttp使用cancel方法,都挺简单的,如果使用的是异步client,则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可。
2. 超时设置
HttpClient超时设置:
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置。
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000).setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上。
OkHttp超时设置:
直接在OkHttp上进行设置。
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder().connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间.build();
小结:
如果client是单例模式,HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活,针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间,OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间,所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定。
3. HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较
测试环境:
- CPU 六核
- 内存 8G
- windows10
每种测试用例都测试五次,排除偶然性。
client连接为单例:
client连接不为单例:
单例模式下,HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些,单位为毫秒,性能差异相差不大。
非单例模式下,OkHttp的性能更好,HttpClient创建连接比较耗时,因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式,因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值。
总结
OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲,根据实际业务选择即可。
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