本文主要是介绍hashlib模块学习笔记，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
该模块实现了许多不同安全散列和消息摘要算法的通用接口。
概要
提供了以下那么多 信息摘要算法,本文不对算法过多讲解, 只是简单说一下,如何使用hashlib 模块提供的接口, 调用函数. 至于算法的实现这里没有涉及.
__always_supported = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512','blake2b', 'blake2s', 'sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512','shake_128', 'shake_256')
1. 来看一下demon
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author: Frank
@contact: frank.chang@shoufuyou.com
@file: haslib_test.py
@time: 2018/7/7 上午8:24"""# importimport hashlib__always_supported = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512','blake2b', 'blake2s','sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512','shake_128', 'shake_256') def md5_test():md5 = hashlib.md5()data = 'I am frank. hello everyone!'.encode('utf-8')md5.update(data)# 占用多少bytesprint(md5.digest_size)# 返回二进制的加密结果print(md5.digest())# 返回十六进制的机密结果print(md5.hexdigest())def sha256_test():sha = hashlib.sha256()data = 'I am frank. hello everyone!'.encode('utf-8')sha.update(data)print(sha.digest())print(sha.hexdigest())def sha3_512_test():sha3_512 = hashlib.sha3_512()data = 'I am frank. hello everyone!'.encode('utf-8')sha3_512.update(data)# 返回二进制的加密结果print(sha3_512.digest())# 返回十六进制的机密结果print(sha3_512.hexdigest())if __name__ == '__main__':md5_test()print("***" * 20)sha256_test()print("***" * 20)sha3_512_test()常用方法 介绍
- hash.update(arg)
Update the hash object with the object arg, which must be interpretable as a buffer of bytes. Repeated calls are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all the arguments: m.update(a); m.update(b) is equivalent to m.update(a+b).
用来更新 要加密的参数
注意: update()方法现在只 接受bytes类型的数据
hash.update(b'frank'), hash.update(b'hello') == hash.update(b'frankhello')
- hash.digest()
Return the digest of the data passed to the update() method so far. This is a bytes object of size digest_size which may contain bytes in the whole range from 0 to 255.
返回二进制的加密结果
- hash.hexdigest()
Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string object of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to exchange the value safely in email or other non-binary environments.
返回十六进制的加密结果
- hash.copy()
Return a copy (“clone”) of the hash object. This can be used to efficiently compute the digests of data sharing a common initial substring.
复制一个hash 对象
- hash.digest_size
The size of the resulting hash in bytes. 属性, 返回 hash 结果多少 bytes
- hash.block_size
The internal block size of the hash algorithm in bytes. 属性 , 返回 内部块 占用 多少 bytes
2. 还可以用传字符串 来 调用算法. 生成摘要
1 . 通过调用 hashlib.new(str, data)
import hashlib
h=hashlib.new('md5',b'frank')
h.digest()
Out[42]: b'&%<Pt\x1f\xaa\x9c.+\x83gs\xc6\x9f\xe6'
h.digest_size
Out[43]: 16
'&%<Pt\x1f\xaa\x9c.+\x83gs\xc6\x9f\xe6'.__len__()
Out[44]: 16 always_supported = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512','blake2b', 'blake2s','sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512',)for algorithm in always_supported:try:h = hashlib.new(algorithm, b"frank")except TypeError as e:print(e)print(algorithm)else:print(algorithm, end=' ')print(h.digest())结果如下
md5 b'&%<Pt\x1f\xaa\x9c.+\x83gs\xc6\x9f\xe6'
sha1 b"\x86\xa8\xc2\xda\x85'\xa1\xc6\x97\x8b\xdc\xa6\xd7\x98o\xe1J\xe1G\xfe"
sha224 b':D/\x05\xd1)\xa9\xbf\x97\xa2\xe0\xa2\xd4\xefl\xc1\xf2\x0b\x1b1\xff\xa8w\xb4\x85\x04p\xd0'
sha256 b"wdoZO1fcv'\xab\xe9\x98\xe7\xa1G\x0f\xe7-\x8bC\x0f\x06}\xaf\xa8bc\xf1\xf2?\x94"
sha384 b'\x04\x14\xbe\xed\xbb\xd8NV\xcaY\xb0\x0c\xe69\x8f\x05\x81`\xdfo\xef\xfe]\xf18C\x1d\xdf\x98\xef\xa8\x8f\x82;\xacGjQ\xdb\xfe\xf1H\xce,Wo}\x0f'
sha512 b'\x19\xb7\x02\xb6\xf1\xb15\xca\x00\x9c\xe1\xdf\x13\xd8G8\xb7L\xb7DZ\xf6=\xd3o/\xde\xfew\xdf\x83\xfc\xde\xcf0}\xb56\t5($,<\xe5*\x93PEZ\xcb\x1e\x8a\xd9\x06\xfc\xcd@\xfd\tZ\xba\xb4\xf1'
blake2b b'\xbe5\x9e\xe2\x9c\x96\x95`?\x91\x89\xc5\xa8\x12\xdc\xd24\xf2\xd3\x0c}\xeb\xaa\xf5\xe4h|\xc0F[\r@\xbe\xe2)\x03\xbc~C\xb8"2S\xbc\xb6\xe3\xcb\xf2\xa9\xd6\x02\xaf\xb2\x19\x1cn\xa6"\xca\xf6G\xcd\x9f\x84'
blake2s b'({E\x0c\x1ed\xfd\xe4}@\xd9\x91`\xa6\x81O(V\xa3$l\x03\x8f\x879\xeb\x89\xe2\x97\x13\xf0\xcd'
sha3_224 b'\x07\xd0(\xa1\xda\x99\x8a\xbf\x98\xb5\x835\xbf\x99\xff\xa0\xcf\x80\xab\xeb\xab\x0ec\x9d\x16\xbd\xa1\x8d'
sha3_256 b"'\x1e9\n\xf7}\x17#\xcd\x03\xfa\x18\xb9\x10C3\xe1\x1c\xee/\xbd\xd8\x02\t\x00\x8a\x1d|\x0f\xba\x14\x04"
sha3_384 b'\x05C\x88,8\x8b\xbb\xbf\x1e^~\x88\xc3\xd6H*\xad\xfc\xf2\xca\xb4\xec\xc0\x12B\x00\xaa\xd6\x84\xe6n\x81\xa8\xcez\x1dT|\x07Hh\xdb\xbf?\xa8\xc0\xeb\xb1'
sha3_512 b"\xff\xfd\xbd\xe6\xe3\x0f5\x02\xab\xcb\x83\x8e\x07C\xad\xbc\xaeI\xfb'U\xcb\xd9\xd3\x8a\x87\xaa\xb9ZU\xc9\xf7\xbbfH\xf5\xc2j~L\x91R\x86S\xef\x8a\xc1\x0e\xef\xf6\x02d\x0b\xa7\xdc\x12\xac\xe0\xfc\xd1`\x9b7*"
3. 'shake_128', 'shake_256'
对于 shake_128 , shake_256 算法 需要传入参数 一个 length
The shake_128() and shake_256() algorithms provide variable length digests with length_in_bits//2 up to 128 or 256 bits of security. As such, their digest methods require a length. Maximum length is not limited by the SHAKE algorithm.shake.digest(length)
Return the digest of the data passed to the update() method so far. This is a bytes object of size length which may contain bytes in the whole range from 0 to 255.shake.hexdigest(length)
Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string object of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to exchange the value safely in email or other non-binary environments.
if __name__ == '__main__':# h = hashlib.new('shake_128', b'frank')h = hashlib.new('shake_256', b'frank')print(h.digest(16))print(h.hexdigest(16))print(h.hexdigest(16).__len__()) # 结果如下
# b'~\xf6\xfb\xe6\x8f\xc9\xcf\xa7D\x9c\x97\xfa\xad_\xa16'
# 7ef6fbe68fc9cfa7449c97faad5fa136
# 324 blake2b', 'blake2s, python3.6 添加
可以用来作网站的安全认证.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#hashlib.blake2b
def hashlib_blask2b_test():# 指定长度h = hashlib.blake2b(digest_size=16)h.update(b'frank')print(h.hexdigest())def hashlib_blaske2b_key():# 可以指定keyh = hashlib.blake2b(key=b'this is your name',digest_size=16)h.update(b'frank')print(h.hexdigest())if __name__ == '__main__':hashlib_blask2b_test()hashlib_blaske2b_key()5 总结
简单说明 hashlib 模块的使用, 当然还有一些没有涉及到.具体更多内容请参考官网.
参考资料
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA家族
https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/explore-python/Standard-Modules/hashlib.html
http://www.liujiangblog.com/course/python/58
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