第二阶段 第一章 面向对象

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1 类

1.1 类的成员方法

1.1.1 类的成员

• 设计表格，称之为:设计类(class)
• 打印表格，称之为:创建对象
• 填写表格，称之为:对象属性赋值

# 1.设计类(类比生活中: 设计一张登记表)
class Student:	name = None				#记录学生姓名gender = None			#记录学生性别nationality = None		#记录学生国籍native_place = None		#记学生籍贯age = None# 2.创建对象(类比生活中: 打印一张登记表)
stu_1 = Student()# 3.对象属性赋值(类比生活中:填写表单)
stu_1.name = "林俊杰"
stu_1.gender = "男"
stu_1.nationality = "中国"
stu_1.native_place = "山东省"
stu_1.age = 31# 4. 获取对象中记录的信息
print(stu_1.name)
print(stu_1.gender)
print(stu_1.nationality)
print(stu_1.native_place)
print(stu_1.age)

林俊杰
男
中国
山东省
31

1.1.2 类的方法

# 定义一个带有成员方法的类
class Student:name = Nonedef say_hi(self):print(f"大家好呀，我是{self.name}，欢迎大家多多关照")def say_hi2(self, msg):print(f"大家好呀，我是{self.name}，{msg}")stu = Student()
stu.name = "周杰伦"
stu.say_hi()
stu.say_hi2("哎呦不错哟")stu2 = Student()
stu2.name = "林俊杰"
stu2.say_hi("小伙子我看好你")

1.2 类和对象

# 设计一个闹钟类
class Clock:id = Noneprice = Nonedef ring(self):import winsoundwinsound.Beep(2000, 3000) #2000表示频率，3000表示持续时间（毫秒）# 构建2个闹钟对象并让其工作
clock1 = Clock()
clock1.id = "003032"
clock1.price = 19.99
print(f"闹钟ID：{clock1.id},价格：{clock1.price}")
clock1.ring()clock2 = Clock()
clock2.id = "003033"
clock2.price = 21.99
print(f"闹钟ID：{clock1.id},价格：{clock1.price}")
clock2.ring()

1.3 构造方法__init__

# 构造方法的名称:__init__
class Student:	def __init__(self, name, age, tel):self.name = nameself.age = ageself.tel = telprint("Student类创建了一个类对象")
stu = Student("李明", 12, 12345)
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.tel)

# 构造方法的名称:__init__
class Student:	name = Noneage - Nonetel = Nonedef __init__(self, name, age, tel):self.name = nameself.age = ageself.tel = telprint("Student类创建了一个类对象")
stu = Student("李明", 12, 12345)
print(self.name)
print(self.age)
print(self.tel)

1.4 案例 学生信息录入

class Student:def __init__(self, name, age, address):self.name = nameself.age = ageself.address = address
stu_list = []
count = input()
for i in range(1, count + 1):print(f"当前录入第{i}位学生信息，总共需录入{count}位学生信息")stu_name = input("请输入学生姓名:")stu_age = input("请输入学生年龄:")stu_add = input("请输入学生地址:")stu = Student(stu_name, stu_age, stu_add)stu_list.append(stu)stu_data = stu_list[i - 1]print(f"学生1信息录入完成，信息为：【学生姓名：{stu_data.name}，年龄：{stu_data.age}，地址：{stu_data.address}】")

1.5 魔术方法

1.5.1 __str__

class Student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agedef __str__(self):return f"Student类对象，name:{self.name},age:{self.age}"stu = Student("李明", 12)
print(stu)
print(str(stu))

1.5.2 __lt__

class Student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agedef __lt__(self, other):return self.age < other.agestu1 = Student("李明", 12)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 14)
print(stu1 < stu2)

1.5.3 __le__

class Student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agedef __le__(self, other):return self.age <= other.agestu1 = Student("李明", 14)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 12)
print(stu1 >= stu2)

1.5.4 __eq__

class Student:def __init__(self, name, age):self.name = nameself.age = agedef __eq__(self, other):return self.age <= other.agestu1 = Student("李明", 14)
stu2 = Student("林俊杰", 14)
print(stu1 == stu2)

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