本文主要是介绍英语语法速成（4），希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
假设句
if引导条件状语从句 当，无论何时 if中的时态和主句中的时态相同 If you mix yellow and blue,you get green; 你将黄色与蓝色混合，便会得到蓝色if+not 副词短语 不然的话，否则 We should do it with all our heart,if not we will leave it unfinished 我们应该全心全意地做这件事，不然的话，我们将会半途而废if引导让步状语从句 即使是，虽说 If she's poor,at least she's honest 虽说她很穷，但至少他还是诚实的if 做连词，引导否定地条件状语从句 If we are not healthy,happiness is impossible 没有健康，我们就不可能幸福if如果，是否 if表示是否主要用于宾语从句 Lily asked if/whether she liked it 莉莉问她是否喜欢它if做连词 if引导条件状语从句 假如，如果 主句用一般将来时，if引导地状语从句用一般现在时 If it doesn't rain,we will go to the park next Sunday. 如果不下雨，下个星期天我们将去公园if后接否定动词 感叹句中，表示沮丧，惊奇 Well,if I haven't left my false teeth at home 真倒霉，我把假牙丢在家里了！if用于虚拟语气 if从句中用过去式，表示不可能实现 If you were a bird,you could fly. 假使你是只鸟，你便会飞了。
句子主谓一致
语法一一致原则 主语单数，动词单数，主语复数，动词复数 Both my parents are doctors 我的父母都是医生意义一致原则 谓语动词地数取决于主语所表示地概念 This news is important for us 这条消息对我们很重要 paris is among the largest cities in the world 巴黎是世界上最大地城市之一就近原则 谓语动词的数取决于主语最靠近它的词语 either..or.. neither..nor.. not only..but also.. 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致 Either you or he has taken it 不是你拿了就是他拿了谓语与前面的主语一致 with，together with，like，except，but，no less than，as well as The teacher together with some students is visiing the factory 老师和一些学生在参观工厂时间，距离，度量，宽度，被看作整体时，用单数，强调个体可以用复数 Ten dollars is too much for this old coin 这个古币不值10美元（整体） Three dollars were paid for the old coin 哪个古钱花了3块钱（个体）a(the) number of..作主语 the number of +复数名词 ..的数目 The number of absent student is 6 缺席的学生人数位6 a number of+复数名词 大量的... A number of people were injured 不少人受了伤the+形容词作主语 指一类人，谓语用复数 The young are mostly ambitious 年轻人多半有雄心从句作主语 谓语通常用单数 Whoever told you that was lying 不管这话是谁对你说的，都是撒谎倒装句的主谓一致 在副词here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away 等做状语或表语的介词短语 分词短语+谓语动词+主语 的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定 On the wall hang two maps 墙上挂着两幅地图 On the wall hangs a map of the world 墙上挂着一副世界地图
反意疑问句
反义疑问句表示问话人对自己的看法没有把握，需要对方证实 陈述句+简略的一般问句 简略的一般问句通常由两个词构成，一个是肯定或否定的be动词，情态动词，助动词，一个是人称代词 陈述句是肯定的，简略问句部分用否定式，not要用缩略式 若陈述部分是否定。简略问句部分用肯定式 反意疑问句的主语必须是人称代词 You know how to get there,don't you? 你知道怎样去那儿，不是吗？ YOu've got my E-mail,haven't you? 你收到了我的电子邮件了，不是吗？含否定词的反意疑问句 陈述部分含有seldom（=not ofen，不常），hardly（=almost not，几乎不） few（=not many，很少），little（=not much, 一点儿），never(从不，永不) 这些词本身具有否定意义，简略问句用肯定式 You seldom play tennis,do you? 你很少打网球，对吧？含have的反意疑问句 陈述句部分含have，若为助动词，反意疑问句也用have 若表所有，反意疑问句可以用have也可以用do 表示吃，玩等意思，反义疑问句用do，不能用have 若用have to，通常用加助动词do的形式，不过有时也可用have（特定行为时） He has a lot of money,hasn't/dosen't he? 他有许多钱，不是吗？ He dosn't have any money,does he? 他没有钱，是吗？ He ofen has to get up early,doesn't he? 他经常要早起，不是吗？含情态动词的反意疑问句 若陈述句部分含有情态动词，情况比较复杂，反意疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词， must，反意疑问句可能用mustn't或needn't 也可能根据must后的动词形式来确定（当must表示推测时） The boy can read and write,can't he? 这男孩会读写，不是吗？ You must leave at once ,mustn't/needn't you? 他必须（有必要）马上离开。不是吗 He must be tired,isn't he? 他一定累了，不是吗？陈述句的主语是不定代词 somebody,someone,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,something,anything,nothing,everything 附带问句通常用they做主语 指代物的不定代词做叙述句的主语时，附带问句用it做主语 Nobody came，did they？没有人来，是吗？ Everything is ready,isn't it? 一切都准备好了，不是吗？let的反意疑问句 let‘s引出的肯定祈使句，附带问句shall we let's引出的否定祈使句，附带问句用all right?或O.K? let us引出的祈使句，附带问句要用will you Let's go swimming,shall we? 我们去游泳，好吗？ Let's not go there,All right? 我们别去那里，好吗？ Let us go to the zoo,will you? 让我们去动物园，好吗？祈使句的反意疑问句 陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you,won't you,would you 陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句只用will you Close the door,will you? 把门关上，好吗？ Pass me the book,will you? 递给我那本书，好吗？ Try to be back by two,won't you 争取两点之前回来，好吗？ Don’t forget to post the letter,will you? 请别忘了寄信，好吗？复合句的反意疑问句 陈述部分为主从复合句，其反意疑问句一般应与主句保持一致，陈述部分为I think(believe,suppose)that.. 反意疑问句通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转移）She said that I did it ,didn't she? 她说是我干的，不是吗？ I think that he is wrong ,isn't he? 他认为他错了 I don't suppose he will come,will he? 他想他不会来了，不是吗？省略句的反意疑问句 叙述句为省略句，没有主语和谓语动词时，反义疑问句要根据实际需要确定主语和助动词 What’t beautiful paintings,aren't they? 多美的画，不是吗？ How odd,isn't it? 多古怪，不是吗？
there be句型
there be的人称和数 be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致 主语是不可数名词或是单数可数名词时用is，复数用are There is a flower in the bottle 瓶里有一朵花 There is some money in the purse 钱包里有些钱 There are many people living here 有许多人生活在这儿？there be的就近原则 句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语一致 There is a boy,a girl and two women in the hourse 房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩，和两个妇女There be的介词前置 陈述句中为了强调地点，可将介词短语提至句首 In the tree there are five bird 树上有五只鸟 On the book there is an eraser 树上有一块橡皮一般疑问句及其答语 be提到there前，首字母大写 肯定答语是Yes,there is/are 否定答语是No,there isn't/aren't Are there two cats in the tree?有两只猫在树上吗? Yes,there are是的，有两只 Are there any bird here?树上有鸟吗？ No,there aren't 不，没有there be用于特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句what is +地点介词短语（无论主语是单数还是复数都用is） there be后面的地点状语进行提问时，where is/are+主语 可数名词（主语）前的数量进行提问时，用how many how many+复数名词+are there+其他（主语无论单数还是复数都用are）There are some birds in the tree->What's in the tree？ 树上有一些鸟。->树上有什么？ There are three books on the desk->How many books are there on the desk? 卓上有三本书->桌上有多少本书there be形式主语there be是存在句中常用结构there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组，其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。 There is ice on the lake 沪上有冰 There were three students in the classroom then 当时教师有三个学生there be特殊句式 there+情态助动词+be 预见，可能，必然，过去习惯存在 There might be some desserts if you wait a bit 如果你等一会儿，可能会有甜点 There ought to have been someone on duty all the time 本来应该有人全天值班there连用特殊动词 表示存在，发生，出现，坐落，等意义的不及物动词，也可以与there连用 appear，seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise,enter,follow,occur,rise,grow,happen,belong,arrive,fly,flash,sail,pass.run,spring up,emerge There exist many ancient temples in the country 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙 There lies a small village in the mountain 山里有个小村子
独立主格结构
there+being用作状语，，形成独立主格结构 There being no further discussion,the chairman stood up and left the meeting room 没有可讨论的了，主席站起来，离开了会议室 There being a teacher，the student got there to greet 有一个老师过来了，那个学生去问候祈使句 表示请求，命令，劝告，祝愿或建议的句子，祈使句主语一般为第二人称单数，但往往省去不用 英语祈使句的谓语总是动词原形 Watch your steps走路小心 Be quiet!保持安静肯定变成否定 动词原形前加don‘t Don't worry别担心 Don’t speak so loud别这么大声说话与please连用 语气委婉，与please连用 Please don't get angry 请不要生气 please drive more slowerly 请开慢一点以let开头的祈使句 let后接第一人称me，us表示建议 Let me have a try 我来试一试 Let's go out to have a dinner togetther 我们一起出去吃饭吧？let后一般接第一人称 可以接第二人称，但是不符合习惯 接第三人称很常见 let+第三人称代词（him，her，it，them）/名词 Let her join our choir 让他加入我们的合唱团吧be+过去分词 be可以和少数过去分词连用，用于祈使句 表示一时的的行为的形容词，才能用于be/don't be之后 careful/careless，patient/impatient，quiet，silly be/don't be常与不可与表状态的形容词连用，hungry/thirsty/pretty Be quiet！ 安静点！ Don't be silly! 别傻了be+名词 这是一种习惯用法 Be a man! 要做个男子汉 Be a angle and fetch me slippers please 请行行好，把我拖鞋拿来没用动词的祈使句 祈使句还可用名词，形容词，副词来表示 Help！ 救人呦！ Fire！ 失火了 Patience！ 要有耐心！ Careful！ 小心！
比较级
形容词或副词前加more，或后缀-er natural->more natural clearly->more clearly warm->warmer fast->faster比较级常见修饰语 much,a lot,far,a bit.a little,a great deal,slightly She's feeling a lot better today 她今天感觉好多了 Japanese is much more difficult than English 日语比英语难多了 She felt a great deal more comfortable now 她现在感觉舒服多了 It's slightly warmer today 今天稍缓和一点the+比较级，the+比较级 后者随着前者的变化而变化 越..越.. The sooner,the better 越快越好 The harder you work,the better result you 'll get比较级+and+比较级 more and more+原级，越来越... It becames warmer and warmer when spring comes 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了I'm forty years younger than you 我比你小40岁 you're a head taller than Jack 你比杰克高一个头一般形容词或副词+er 变比较级 old->older high->higher重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写+er big->bigger thin->thinner hot->hotter fat->fatter辅音字母+y y->i+er busy->busier heavy->heaviere结尾的单词+r large->larger polite->politer多音节以及某些双音节 more+形容词 important->more important difficult->more difficult少数单音节单词，特别是分词形容词 more+形容词 fond->more fond glad->more glad pleased->more pleased tired->more tiredgood/well->better bad/badly->worse much/many->more little->less far->father/further old->older/eldermore..than..的三个用法 1.比...更多 more为many/much的比较级，表示数量，后接名词 I made more mistakes than you 我犯的错误比你多 Last year there were more births than death 去年出生的人口多于死亡的人口 2.比..更 more后接多音节形容词或副词 He is more careful than others 他比其他人跟更仔细 Travelling by thain is more relaxing than driving 乘火车旅行比开车轻松得多 3.与其说..不如说.. 对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍 more..than.. He is more lucky than clever 与其说她聪明，不如说他幸运 He was more frightened than hurt 他受伤倒不算什么，可受惊不小less..than..的用法 较..低 不及.. less +形容词+than+比较成分 表示前者不如后者 I have always tried to help those who are less fortune than I 我一直设法帮助比我不幸的人最高级三者或三者以上 最... 在形容词或副词前+most或后缀+est 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词前可省略 Jack is the tallest of the three 杰克是三个人中最高最高级的修饰语 very，the second,much the,(by)far the,not quite the,nearly.almost,by no means It was of the highest quality 它的质量是最高的 This is much the most important 这是最重要的 Hainan is China's second largest island 海南是中国的第二大岛 This is by far the most expensive bicycle in the shop 这是这家商店里最贵的自行车not more than =at most not more than至多=at most I'll stay here not more than three days 我在这里最多待三天not less than=at least 不下于，至少 I'll stay here not less than three daysnot more than最多 not less than至少no more than仅仅，只有，只不过=only He is no more than an ordinary teacher 他只不过是个普通的老师no less than多达，有..之多，简直，与..没有差别=as much as We walked no less than three miles 我们走了三英里之远单音节及少数双音节形容词或副词 old->oldest high->highest late->latest soon>soonest重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写+est big->?biggest thin->thinnest hot->hottest fat->fattst辅音字母+y busy->busiest heavy->heaviest happy->happiest early->earlieste结尾+st large->largest polite->politest brave->bravest simple->simplestmost+多音节 important->most important difficult->most difficult少数单音节单词，特别是分词形容词，必须+most fond->most fondgood/well->best bad.baddly->worst much/many->most little->least far->farthest/furthest old->oldest/eldestat+形容词最高级 构成表语或状语 The peony was at its brightest 牡丹花正在盛开 I knew she was at her worst 我知道她这时情绪最早never+比较级表示最高级 I have never drunk better beer 这是我喝过最好的啤酒 I have never met a kinder man 这是我遇见过的最仁厚的人 He had never spend a more worring day 这是我度过的烦恼的日子
非人称代词it
常不译出来 it指天气 It is cloudy 天气多云 It is a lovely day 今天天气晴朗It指时间 It's already nine o'clock 已是9点了 It's Tuesday today 今天星期二it指距离 It‘s a long way form here 从这儿去很远 It’s three miles to the beach 到海边有三英里it指环境 It's lovely here 这里环境优美 It getting very crowded here 这儿变得很拥挤make it及时赶到，成功，办成 it没有明确的意义，成为人们日常的习惯用语 You can make it if you hurry 如果你赶快还能及时赶到it做形式主语 不定式，动名词，从句等复杂成分用作句子主语，为保持句子平衡，通常将真正的主语放在句末，it作形式主语放在句首 It's very important to remember it 记住这一点很重要 It’s hard work climbing mountains 爬山是费劲的事 It‘s nuknown when he will come 他什么时候来还不知道it作形式宾语 不定时，动名词，从句作宾语，且后根由宾语补语，通常在宾语补语前使用形式宾语it 真正的宾语移至句末 动词+it+宾补+不定式（动名词，从句） I find it difficult to do the job well 我发现做好这件事不容易it在强调句中的用法 It+be+被强调的部分+that(who)+其他部分 It was yesterday that he got married 他是昨天结婚的 It was you who had been wrong 错的是你it的习惯用语 make it it本身没实际意义 It is very kind of you 你真好 It is my turn 轮到我了 I can't help it 我没有办法 That's it 这就对了
动词分词
什么是动词分词 分词兼有动词和形容词性质的非限定词，不随人称和数变化，现在分词和过去分词， 动词+ing，表示动作正在进行 动词+ed，表被动，已经完成 I heard someone knocking at the door 我听见有人在敲门 He is a man loved by all 他是一个受大家爱戴的人分词的作用 分词在句中可以作定语，表语，状语和宾语补语 Do you know the boy standing at the gate 你认识站在门口那边的男孩吗？分词的否定形式 not+分词 Not knowing her address,we couldn't get in touch with her现在分词的被动态 表示一个被动动作，现在分词用被动态，现在分词的一般时和完成时都有被动形式 being done,having been done 现在分词一般时的被动态，表示现在正在进行的动作Who is the women being operated on？ 正在接受手术的女人是谁？现在分词完成时的被动式 表示之前完成的动作 The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去过去分词可以直接表被动，现在分词也有被动形式 过去分词在表被动的同时还表完成 现在分词在表被动的同时海表进行 Written in haste,the book has many mistakes =Being written in haste,the book has many mistakes =Having been written in haste,the book has many mistakes 这书因写的很仓促，所以错误不少过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成，一般可以表时间和原因 Seen from the moon,the earth looks green 从月球上看时，地球是绿色的（时间状语） Broken down on the high way,his car was carried away by the police 由于他的车在高速公路上坏了，。于是被警察拖走了（原因状语） Given a few minutes,I'll finish it 再给几分钟时间，我就会完成了（条件状语） Explained a hundred times,he still can't understand it 即使给他解释一百遍，他还是不明白（让步状语）逻辑主语 分词属非谓语动词，所以它可以没有真正的主语，但有逻辑主语 I often hear him singing this song 他经常听她唱这首歌（him时singing的逻辑主语） Hearing the news,he couldn't help crying(he是hearing的逻辑主语)独立主格结构 当分词的逻辑主语于主句的主语不同，其作用相当于一个壮语从句，常用来表示时间，原因，条件，行为方式，伴随情况 Her work done,she sat down for a cup of tea 他干完活了，坐下来喝茶（表时间） The condition being favorate,he may succeed 若条件有利，他或许能成功（表条件） There being no taxi,we had to walk 没有出租车，我们只好步行（表原因） Almost all metals are good conductor,silver being the best of all 几乎所有的金属都是好导体，而银则是最好的导体（表伴随情况）
不定式
to+动词原形 是一种非谓语形式，具有名词，形容词，副词的特征 To complete the program needs much effort 完成这项计划需要很大努力 They have three tickets to spare 他们多出三张票 I find it interesting to stay with you 我发觉与你待在一起很有趣不定式可带有自己的宾语和状语，从而形成不定式短语 具有名词，形容词，副词的性质 可做主语，宾语，宾语补语，表语，同位语，定语，以及状语等句子成分 Is it necessary to bring an umrella today？ 今天有必要带雨伞吗？ He agrees to go with us 他同意跟我们一起去不定时的否定式 否定词not或never置于不定式之前 not to do/never to do Take care not to break it 小心别把它打破了疑问词+不定式 相当于一个名词性从句 常用在某些动词，如tell,know,imagine,learn,decide,forget,remember,consider,understand等后面做宾语，主语，表语，同位语 He asked me how to open the box 他问我这盒子怎么打开 You have to consider what to do next 你必须考虑下一步怎么办不定式的时态和语态主动 被动 一般时 to do to be done 完成时 to have done to have been done 进行时 to be doing to be being been done 完成时 to have been doing不定式的进行时表示与谓语动词同时发生，并且正在进行的动作可用进行时态表示将来意义，不定式的进行时有时也可表将来He seems to be saying something他似乎在说什么（同时）He is happy to be coming home 就要回家了他感到很开心（将来）不定式的完成时 谓语发生之前的动作 He seems to have caught a cold 他似乎感冒了不带to的动词不定式 一般都有小品词to 情态动词及助动词之后一般要省略to He can speak several languages 他能说好几种语言 感官动词feel,hear,look at,listen to,notice,observe,sense,see,watch 使役动词make作宾补，省略to I heard them break a glass in the next door 我听见他们在隔壁打破了一个罐子 不定式作介词besides,but,except的宾语，或系动词be的表语，而在介词besides,but,except或be前有do的形式，省略to We can do nothing but wait there我们除了在那儿等待之外，没有其他办法 不定式cannot but,had better/best,rather than,sooner than,would rather,would sooner,know better than等短语之后，不定式前to省略 I would rather watch a TV play than play cards 我宁愿看一场电影，也不愿打牌
动名词
+ing，形式上与现在分词相同，动名词具有动词性质外，还有名词性质 Being lost can be a terrifying experience 迷路是一种可怕的经历 We need a new working method 我们需要一种新的工作方法句法功能 动名词可作主语，表语，宾语，定语，宾语补语等，不能作谓语 Finding work is difficult these days 现在找工作不容易（作主语）动词的否定式 not置于动名词之前 Not being punctual makes him unreliable 不准时使人觉得他不可靠动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，构成动名词复合结构 名词属格或物主代是动名词的逻辑主语 Your denying everything will get you nowhere 你否认一切对你并无益处既可以接不定式又可接动名词的动词，但两者意义不同 forget,rmember,regret接不定式，发生在谓语之后 ing作宾语，发生在谓语之前 I forgot to tell you about it 我忘记告诉你那件事了 I remembered giving the book to LiLei,but he said I didn't 我记得我把书给李雷了，但是他说我没有给动词go on,stop接不定式，表目的，ing作宾语，表继续或停止所做的事 Now stop to listen to me,please 现在停下来听我将 Now stop writing,please 现在停止写字动名词的完成时 having+动词过去分词 He denied having been there 他不承认到过那里 He apologized for having broken his promise 他因没遵守诺言表示道歉动名词的被动式 being+动词过去分词 I appreciate being given this opportunity 我很感谢给了我这个机会动名词的主动表被动 need（需要），want（需要），worth（值得），deserve（该），后常跟动名词的主动形式表被动意义 Your bicycle needs repairing 你的脚踏车需要修理 These flowers want watering 这些话该叫水了The book is not worth reading这本书不值一读You deserve punishing你该受到惩罚只可接动名词的动词 enjoy，miss，practise,suggest,consider,avoid,mind,finish,put off,givep up 后只可接动名词作宾语 You'd better avoid making mistakes 你最好避免犯错误 He decided to put off going home 他决定推迟回家
被动句
be+过去分词 如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后+by，被（由）... 主语+be+过去分词+（by..） A letter is being wirtten by Lucy now 一份信正在由露西写 被动句的否定式 主语 be not+过去分词+（by） The letter was not written by Lucy 这封信不是由露西写的被动句的疑问式 一版疑问句：be+主语+过去分词+（by..） 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by..) Shall I be allowed to go with you？ 允许我跟你们一块去吗？含有情态动词的被动式 情态动词+be+过去分词 This can't be done in a short time 这不是短期内可以完成的 情态动词need的被动句在肯定式和疑问句要加to They need to be cautioned 他们需要提醒 She needs to be told about it 这事需要告诉她什么情况下用被动句？ 不知道或不必知名动作，的发出者时可用被动语态 The glass is broken 玻璃杯破了 要强调，或突出动作的承受者时用被动语态 The plan has already been canceled 这个计划已经取消八种常用时态的被动语态 助动词be+动词的过去分词，be有时态，人称和数的变化 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 Rice is grown in South China 华南种植水稻一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The glass was broken yesterday 这块玻璃是昨天打碎的现在进行时 am/is/are being +过去分词The project is being carried out这个计划正在执行中过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词This road was being built at this time last year去年这条路还在修建一般将来时will be +过去分词The cars will be sent abroad by sea这些汽车将由水路运往国外过去将来时 would be +过去分词 The Manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year 经理说这个工程年底前将会完成现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 This novel has been translated into several language 这本小说已被译成了几种语言过去完成时 had been+过去分词 When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out 我到达剧院时，发现票已经卖完了双宾动词的被动句 （award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell）在变为被动时态时，即可把间接宾语作为被动语态的主语，也可以把直接宾语作为被动语态的主语此时间接宾语需改为介词to和for引起的状语 He gave her some money 她给她一些钱 ->She was give some money/Some money was given to her He bought her a watch 他给她买了一块表 ->A watch was bought for her/She was bought a watch主动表被动read,wash,clean.cook,cut,wear,carry 作不及物动词切表示主语的某种属性时，通常主动形式表被动意义 The cloth washes well 这种布料很好洗 The book seels quickly 这些书卖的很快 This chese doesn't cut easily,It's too soft 这奶酪不容易切，太软了 This shirt will wear very long 这衬衫可以穿很久
强调句
英语句子一般为，主，谓，宾，表，状 有时为了强调某部分，就故意将它移到句首或句末 I was reading English this mornin——this morning ,I was reading English 今天早晨，我在读英语（强调主语及状语） Though he will try,he can't succeed——Try as/though he will,he can't secceed 尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功(做强调谓语)Though he learn English,he didn't learnt it well——English as/though he learnt,he didn't learn it well 尽管他学英语，但他学的并不好（强调宾语） Though he is ill ,he keeps on working——ill as/though he is,he keeps on working 他病了，他仍坚持工作（强调表语）用词强调 用不同的词进行修饰从而起到强调的目的 I do like swimming 我的确喜欢游泳 He did go there last night 他昨天晚上的确去过那儿 I don't know it at all 我一点也不知道 What on earth are you doing there？ 你到底在那儿干什么用句子强调 It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 强调人时用that和who都可 强调不是人，只能用that It was in the room that Li Lei was born 李雷就出生在这间房 It is Wei Fang who has broken the record 就是魏方打破了记录not..until用于强调句 （was）not until..that.. It was not until his wife left that he came 他妻子走了之后他才来 It was not until the rain stopped that they started 直到雨停他才出发强调句的一般疑问式 be提到句首，使用“Is /Was it+强调部分+that/who” Was it in the office that he was killed？ 他是在办公室被杀害的吗强调句的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句 疑问词（Who/What/When/Where/Why/How）+is/was it that。。 When was it that he got married? 它是什么时间结婚的？强调从句 It is/was+被强调的从句+that（who） 可强调 because引导的原因状语从句，但通常不能引导since，as引导的原因状语从句 ，也不能强调由although引导的让步状语从句 It was what he said that surprised me 是他讲的话让我吃惊强调句的时态 It be..that.. be的时态应与句子一致 It was my two sisters who know her best 是我的两个姐姐最了解他（同时用过去时） It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this 对此须受责难的将不再是你（同时用将来时）有时也可以不一致,主要见于It is..that..用现在时，句子用过去时 It is she who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime 是她已读小说来消遣
倒装句
完全倒装 整个谓语放在主语之前 Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 Round and round flew the plane 飞机盘旋着部分倒装 谓语的一部分放在主语前 句子的强调部分提前 How are you doing? 你情况怎么样？条件句中的倒装 虚拟条件句中有were,should,had，省略if，将were,should,had置于句首 Were I Tom (If I were Tom),I would refuse 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝状语从句中的倒装 as/though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语和状语提前 即形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前 Clever though he was,he couldn't conceal his eagerness for praise 虽说他很聪明，却不能掩饰他对获得赞扬的渴望here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away 等方向性副词开头的句子，句子主语是名词，用完全倒装 Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了表语和地点状语位于句首表强调，用倒装 Among them was my friend Jim 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆否定词开头的倒装 never,hardly,seldom,little,few,not untilm,not,not only,no sooner,no longer,nowhere,by no means置于句首，部分倒装 Never have I seen such a teacher 我从未见过那样的老师so/neither/nor引导的倒装 so/neither/nor+助动词+主语 He can sing English songs and so can I 他会唱英文歌，我也会only+状语 部分倒装 状语包括：副词，介词短语，状语从句 Only then did he realized that he was wrong 到那时他才意识道他错了so..that引导的倒装 so+形容词/副词置于句首置于句首，则后面的主语用部分倒装 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape
省略句
主语的省略 祈使句可以省略主语 Beg your pardon 请你再说一遍谓语的省略 一般疑问句可省略前面的助动词或be动词 there be中的there也可省略 (Is there) Anything you want to tell me? 有什么事要告诉我吗？表语的省略 口语中，省去表语比较常见 Are you ready 你们准备好了吗 Yes，We are(ready) 是的，准备好了主语和助动词的省略 表达心里感受时，主语，系动词常被省略 （I've ）Got to go now （我）得走了在对话中，回答别人的问题，省略相同的部分，做简短的回答 Do you like playing volleyball? 你喜欢打排球吗？ Yes,I do 是的，我喜欢状语从句的省略 时间，条件，让步，方式等状语从句 如果从句和主句的主语一致，或从句主语为it，谓语为be，将从句的主语和be省略 Solid can be turned into liquid(can be turned into)gas if heated enough 如果加到足够热，固体会变成液体，而液体又会变成气体if构成的省略 可省略从句的主语和部分谓语 固定短语 If any,if necessary,if possible.if not, if so There are few, if any.mistakes to in that book 那本书就是有错误也不多并列句中的省略 后面有词和前面的词相同，有时可省略。避免重复 i work in a factory and my sister(works)on a farm 我在工厂工作，我妹妹在农场工作名词性从句的省略 wh-引导的名词性从句，从句谓语与主句谓语相同。从句省略全部谓语，主语也可以省略 只保留一个wh词 She will go to Beijing.but I don't know when (she will) go to Beijing 他将去北京，但我不知打破是什么时候感叹句 表示强烈情绪或感觉 Hurrah！We get it 好哇！我们赢了！ Nonsens! 胡说！ My money!stop! 我的钱，站住! Wonderful!They all being to me 妙极了！他们全是我的了how引导的感叹句一 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 How boring this is! 这实在太无趣了 How beautiful you sing! 你唱得真美妙how引导的感叹句二 how+主语+谓语 此时how用于直接修饰动词 How I missed you 我多么想念你 How you've grown 你都长这么大啦what引导的感叹句 What a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语 What a bad cough he has! 他咳得好厉害 What a good heart you have! 你心肠真好what修饰名词 how修饰状语，形容词/副词 What bad news it is 这是多么糟糕的消息啊 How cold it is! 今天多么冷啊！疑问形式的感叹句 否定疑问词表示感叹句 Isn't the weather nice！ 天气多么好呀! Hasn't she grown 她长这么大了！感叹句的省略 how和what引导的感叹句，表示强烈情感时，口语中常用省略句 省略主语和谓语 How lucky(I am)！ 我是多么幸运啊！副词置于句首的感叹句 here,there开头的倒装句构成的感叹句 There goes the bell 打铃了！ Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了表愿望的感叹句 wish和may表达愿望 Wish you happiness! 祝你幸福！ May you both be happy 祝你们俩幸福
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