本文主要是介绍python/pygame 挑战魂斗罗 笔记(三)，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
感觉最难的部分已经解决了，下面开始发射子弹。
一、建立ContraBullet.py文件，Bullit类：
1、设定子弹速度
Config.py中设定子弹移动速度为常量Constant.BULLET_SPEED = 8。
2、载入子弹图片：
图片也是6张，子弹发出后逐渐变大(这是为什么呢)？同样建立bullet_list列表和bullet_number索引。载入图片后获取rect属性再按照人物放大比例放大，加到子弹列表中。
3、子弹图片索引
设置一个计数器变量counter，随着循环增加到30，也就是1/2个FPS，就让子弹图片索引增加1，改变子弹图片样式。
import os.pathimport pygamefrom Config import Constantclass Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, x, y):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.bullet_list = []self.bullet_number = 0for i in range(6):image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'bullet', 'bullet' + str(i + 1) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE))self.bullet_list.append(image)self.image = self.bullet_list[self.bullet_number]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = yself.speed_x = 0self.speed_y = 0self.counter = 0def update(self):if self.counter >= 30:self.bullet_number += 1if self.bullet_number > 5:self.bullet_number = 0else:self.counter += 1self.image = self.bullet_list[self.bullet_number]self.rect.x += self.speed_xself.rect.y += self.speed_y二、Bill类增加按键判定以及shoot发射方法：
1、设定k键为发射子弹以及子弹发射间隔时间、子弹x、y方向移速和不同角度子弹发射位置等变量。
self.bullet_time = 0self.bullet_speed_x = 0self.bullet_speed_y = 0self.bullet_x = self.rect.rightself.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 11.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE2、建立shoot发射子弹方法：
主要是理清各种方向、状态下子弹的发射位置和x、y方向的速度。
def shoot(self):if self.direction == 'right':self.bullet_speed_x = Constant.BULLET_SPEEDself.bullet_x = self.rect.rightelif self.direction == 'left':self.bullet_speed_x = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDself.bullet_x = self.rect.leftif self.image_type == 'stand':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 11.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = 0elif self.image_type == 'down':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 24 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = 0elif self.image_type == 'up':self.bullet_y = self.rect.yself.bullet_speed_x = 0self.bullet_speed_y = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDelif self.image_type == 'oblique_down':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 20.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = Constant.BULLET_SPEEDelif self.image_type == 'oblique_up':self.bullet_y = self.rect.yself.bullet_speed_y = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDif self.bullet_time >= 30:bill_bullet = ContraBullet.Bullet(self.bullet_x, self.bullet_y)bill_bullet.speed_x = self.bullet_speed_xbill_bullet.speed_y = self.bullet_speed_yVariable.all_sprites.add(bill_bullet)self.bullet_time = 0else:self.bullet_time += 1子弹发射成功！
三、添加敌人：
1、敌人图片载入
敌人就简单一点吧，只选择了一个图片形象的，PS处理完，一共7张图片，6个行走运动的，1个射击状态的，这里让敌人从游戏窗口外面开始落下来，坠落状态的图片就省去了。
设定一个敌人图片列表，同样需要载入图片并按照PLAYER_SCALE比例放大。
再设定一些变量，来控制敌人的产生时间间隔以及发射子弹间隔等。
import os.path
import randomimport pygamefrom Config import Constant, Variableclass Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.enemy_list = []for i in range(7):image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'enemy', 'enemy' + str(i + 1) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE))image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)self.enemy_list.append(image)self.order = 0self.shooting = Falseif self.shooting:self.image = self.enemy_list[6]else:self.image = self.enemy_list[self.order]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x = random.randrange(Constant.WIDTH, Constant.WIDTH * 5)self.rect.y = 100self.counter = 0self.speed = 2self.floor = 0self.last_time = 0self.now_time = 0
2、敌人的产生方法
定义一个敌人的组，用来判定碰撞及控制敌人数量。
0-100之间取一个随机数，等与50时产生一个敌人，分别加入敌人组和所有精灵组。
def new_enemy():if Variable.step == 2 and len(Variable.enemy_sprites) <= 3:i = random.randint(0, 100)if i == 50:enemy = Enemy()Variable.all_sprites.add(enemy)Variable.enemy_sprites.add(enemy)3、移动及射击
先写个索引循环方法，控制order，每完成一次移动图片，计数器counter+1，到5时射击一次。也就是6张移动图片轮回5次就射击一次。
def order_loop(self):self.now_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()if self.now_time - self.last_time >= 150:self.order += 1if self.order > 6:self.counter += 1self.order = 0if self.counter >= 5:self.shooting = Trueself.last_time = self.now_time再定义一个射击方法，子弹的位置和移动速度
def shoot(self):enemy_bullet = ContraBullet.Bullet(self.rect.left, self.rect.y + 7.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE)enemy_bullet.speed_x = -10Variable.all_sprites.add(enemy_bullet)self.shooting = Falseself.counter = 0更新update，实现移动、图片改变及射击。同样也是让敌人一直处于下落状态，碰到地面碰撞体就停止下落，并向左移动。这里写的比较简单，没有考虑敌人的跳跃问题。
def update(self):if self.shooting:self.image = self.enemy_list[6]else:self.image = self.enemy_list[self.order]self.rect.y += Constant.GRAVITY * 10self.order_loop()if self.shooting:self.shoot()collider_ground = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(Variable.enemy_sprites, Variable.collider, False, False)for e, l in collider_ground.items():self.floor = l[0].rect.tope.rect.bottom = self.floore.rect.x -= self.speed
四、全部文件：
剩下的就是各种碰撞检测和关头了，这里就不再写啦。把所有文件都完整贴一遍。
1、Contra.py主循环文件
感觉都挺长时间没改动这个文件了，就增加了一个ContraEnemy.new_enemy()。
# Contra.py
import sys
import pygameimport ContraBill
import ContraMap
import ContraEnemy
from Config import Constant, Variabledef control():for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:Variable.game_start = Falseif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:Variable.step = 1class Main:def __init__(self):pygame.init()self.game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((Constant.WIDTH, Constant.HEIGHT))self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()def game_loop(self):while Variable.game_start:control()if Variable.stage == 1:ContraMap.new_stage()ContraBill.new_player()ContraEnemy.new_enemy()if Variable.stage == 2:passif Variable.stage == 3:passVariable.all_sprites.draw(self.game_window)Variable.all_sprites.update()self.clock.tick(Constant.FPS)pygame.display.set_caption(f'魂斗罗 1.0 {self.clock.get_fps():.2f}')pygame.display.update()pygame.quit()sys.exit()if __name__ == '__main__':main = Main()main.game_loop()2、ContraMap.py第一关背景地图及地面碰撞体文件
别的关的背景地图也是按照这个方式，再单独测算每个台阶的位置和长度，一条条的把地面碰撞体给绘制出来就可以了。
# ContraMap.py
import os
import pygamefrom Config import Constant, Variableclass StageMap(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, order):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.image_list = []self.order = orderfor i in range(1, 9):image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'map', 'stage' + str(i) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.MAP_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.MAP_SCALE))self.image_list.append(image)self.image = self.image_list[self.order]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x = 0self.rect.y = 0self.speed = 0def update(self):if self.order == 2:print('纵向地图')else:if Variable.step == 0 and self.rect.x >= -Constant.WIDTH:self.rect.x -= 10if Variable.step == 1 and self.rect.x > -Constant.WIDTH * 2:self.rect.x -= 10if self.rect.x == -Constant.WIDTH * 2:Variable.step = 2Variable.all_sprites.add(Variable.collider)def new_stage():if Variable.map_switch:stage_map = StageMap(Variable.stage - 1)Variable.all_sprites.add(stage_map)Variable.map_storage.add(stage_map)Variable.map_switch = Falseclass CollideGround(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, length, x, y):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.image = pygame.Surface((length * Constant.MAP_SCALE, 3))self.image.fill((255, 0, 0))self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x = x * Constant.MAP_SCALE - Constant.WIDTH * 2self.rect.y = y * Constant.MAP_SCALEVariable.collider83.add(CollideGround(511, 2176, 83),CollideGround(161, 2847, 83),CollideGround(64, 3296, 83)
)Variable.collider115.add(CollideGround(736, 832, 115),CollideGround(128, 1568, 115),CollideGround(160, 1695, 115),CollideGround(128, 1856, 115),CollideGround(256, 1984, 115),CollideGround(224, 2656, 115),CollideGround(65, 3040, 115),CollideGround(64, 3264, 115),CollideGround(64, 3392, 115),CollideGround(128, 3808, 115)
)Variable.collider146.add(CollideGround(97, 959, 146),CollideGround(66, 1215, 146),CollideGround(225, 2400, 146),CollideGround(96, 2976, 146),CollideGround(64, 3136, 146),CollideGround(160, 3424, 146),CollideGround(64, 3744, 146),CollideGround(32, 3936, 146)
)Variable.collider163.add(CollideGround(95, 1440, 163),CollideGround(64, 2304, 163),CollideGround(32, 2912, 163),CollideGround(32, 2328, 163),CollideGround(32, 3328, 163),CollideGround(97, 3840, 163)
)Variable.collider178.add(CollideGround(32, 1055, 178),CollideGround(32, 1151, 178),CollideGround(65, 2720, 178),CollideGround(64, 2816, 178),CollideGround(96, 3168, 178),CollideGround(63, 3648, 178),CollideGround(32, 3969, 178)
)Variable.collider211.add(CollideGround(63, 1088, 211),CollideGround(63, 1407, 211),CollideGround(97, 2208, 211),CollideGround(192, 2528, 211),CollideGround(33, 3135, 211),CollideGround(33, 3295, 211),CollideGround(97, 3520, 211),CollideGround(242, 3807, 211)
)Variable.collider.add(Variable.collider83, Variable.collider115, Variable.collider146, Variable.collider163,Variable.collider178, Variable.collider211, Variable.collider231)
3、ContraBill.py主角玩家文件
主角Bill向下跳跃，后来想了想，是不是可以考虑写一个矮点的碰撞体紧随Bill的脚下，然后由这个碰撞体来检测是否和地面碰撞体碰撞，这样就不用等Bill的top超过地面碰撞体就可以把它加回来了。而且在往上跳时，也不会因为两层地面距离太近直接跳到上面层了，感觉体验感应该会好些。
# ContraBill.py
import os
import pygameimport ContraBulletfrom Config import Constant, Variableclass Bill(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.image_dict = {'be_hit': [],'down': [],'jump': [],'oblique_down': [],'oblique_up': [],'run': [],'shoot': [],'stand': [],'up': []}for i in range(6):for key in self.image_dict:image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'bill', str(key), str(key) + str(i + 1) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image_scale = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE))self.image_dict[key].append(image_scale)self.image_order = 0self.image_type = 'stand'self.image = self.image_dict[self.image_type][self.image_order]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x = 100self.rect.y = 100self.direction = 'right'self.now_time = 0self.last_time = 0self.falling = Trueself.jumping = Falseself.moving = Falseself.floor = 0self.bullet_time = 0self.bullet_speed_x = 0self.bullet_speed_y = 0self.bullet_x = self.rect.rightself.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 11.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEdef update(self):self.image = self.image_dict[self.image_type][self.image_order]if self.direction == 'left':self.image = pygame.transform.flip(self.image, True, False)if self.rect.top >= self.floor:for i in Variable.sprite_storage:Variable.collider.add(i)Variable.sprite_storage.remove(i)key_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()if self.falling:self.fall()if self.jumping:self.jump()if self.moving:self.move()self.order_loop()collider_ground = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(Variable.player_sprites, Variable.collider, False, False)for p, l in collider_ground.items():self.floor = l[0].rect.topp.rect.bottom = self.floorif key_pressed[pygame.K_k]:self.shoot()if key_pressed[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = 'right'self.moving = Trueif key_pressed[pygame.K_w]:self.image_type = 'oblique_up'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_s]:self.image_type = 'oblique_down'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_j]:self.image_type = 'jump'self.jumping = Trueself.falling = Falseelse:self.image_type = 'run'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = 'left'self.moving = Trueif key_pressed[pygame.K_w]:self.image_type = 'oblique_up'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_s]:self.image_type = 'oblique_down'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_j]:self.image_type = 'jump'self.jumping = Trueself.falling = Falseelse:self.image_type = 'run'elif key_pressed[pygame.K_w]:self.image_type = 'up'self.moving = Falseelif key_pressed[pygame.K_s]:self.image_type = 'down'self.moving = Falseelse:self.image_type = 'stand'self.moving = Falseif key_pressed[pygame.K_s] and key_pressed[pygame.K_j]:self.image_type = 'oblique_down'Variable.collider.remove(l[0])Variable.sprite_storage.add(l[0])def shoot(self):if self.direction == 'right':self.bullet_speed_x = Constant.BULLET_SPEEDself.bullet_x = self.rect.rightelif self.direction == 'left':self.bullet_speed_x = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDself.bullet_x = self.rect.leftif self.image_type == 'stand':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 11.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = 0elif self.image_type == 'down':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 24 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = 0elif self.image_type == 'up':self.bullet_y = self.rect.yself.bullet_speed_x = 0self.bullet_speed_y = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDelif self.image_type == 'oblique_down':self.bullet_y = self.rect.y + 20.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALEself.bullet_speed_y = Constant.BULLET_SPEEDelif self.image_type == 'oblique_up':self.bullet_y = self.rect.yself.bullet_speed_y = -Constant.BULLET_SPEEDif self.bullet_time >= 30:bill_bullet = ContraBullet.Bullet(self.bullet_x, self.bullet_y)bill_bullet.speed_x = self.bullet_speed_xbill_bullet.speed_y = self.bullet_speed_yVariable.all_sprites.add(bill_bullet)self.bullet_time = 0else:self.bullet_time += 1def order_loop(self):self.now_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()if self.now_time - self.last_time >= 100:self.image_order += 1if self.image_order > 5:self.image_order = 0self.last_time = self.now_timedef move(self):if self.direction == 'right' and self.rect.right <= Constant.WIDTH - 80 * Constant.MAP_SCALE:self.rect.x += Constant.SPEED_Xif self.rect.centerx >= Constant.WIDTH / 2:x = self.rect.centerx - Constant.WIDTH / 2for j in Variable.map_storage:if j.rect.right >= Constant.WIDTH:for i in Variable.all_sprites:i.rect.x -= xelif self.direction == 'left' and self.rect.left >= 40 * Constant.MAP_SCALE:self.rect.x -= Constant.SPEED_Xif self.rect.centerx <= Constant.WIDTH / 2:x = Constant.WIDTH / 2 - self.rect.centerxfor j in Variable.map_storage:if j.rect.left <= -Constant.WIDTH * 2:for i in Variable.all_sprites:i.rect.x += xdef jump(self):Constant.SPEED_Y += Constant.GRAVITYself.rect.y += Constant.SPEED_Yif Constant.SPEED_Y == 0:self.jumping = Falseself.falling = TrueConstant.SPEED_Y = -10def fall(self):self.rect.y += Constant.GRAVITY * 10def new_player():if Variable.step == 2 and Variable.player_switch:bill = Bill()Variable.all_sprites.add(bill)Variable.player_sprites.add(bill)Variable.player_switch = False
4、ContraEnemy.py
敌人这里写的太简单了，连出游戏窗口的判定都没写！我记得正常游戏里面还有一些在墙上的炮台啥的，还有随机掉落的各种buff以及关头。
import os.path
import randomimport pygameimport ContraBullet
from Config import Constant, Variableclass Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.enemy_list = []for i in range(7):image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'enemy', 'enemy' + str(i + 1) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE))image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)self.enemy_list.append(image)self.order = 0self.shooting = Falseif self.shooting:self.image = self.enemy_list[6]else:self.image = self.enemy_list[self.order]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x = random.randrange(Constant.WIDTH, Constant.WIDTH * 5)self.rect.y = 100self.counter = 0self.speed = 2self.floor = 0self.last_time = 0self.now_time = 0def update(self):if self.shooting:self.image = self.enemy_list[6]else:self.image = self.enemy_list[self.order]self.rect.y += Constant.GRAVITY * 10self.order_loop()if self.shooting:self.shoot()collider_ground = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(Variable.enemy_sprites, Variable.collider, False, False)for e, l in collider_ground.items():self.floor = l[0].rect.tope.rect.bottom = self.floore.rect.x -= self.speeddef order_loop(self):self.now_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()if self.now_time - self.last_time >= 150:self.order += 1if self.order > 6:self.counter += 1self.order = 0if self.counter >= 5:self.shooting = Trueself.last_time = self.now_timedef shoot(self):enemy_bullet = ContraBullet.Bullet(self.rect.left, self.rect.y + 7.5 * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE)enemy_bullet.speed_x = -10Variable.all_sprites.add(enemy_bullet)self.shooting = Falseself.counter = 0def new_enemy():if Variable.step == 2 and len(Variable.enemy_sprites) <= 3:i = random.randint(0, 100)if i == 50:enemy = Enemy()Variable.all_sprites.add(enemy)Variable.enemy_sprites.add(enemy)
5、ContraBullet.py
子弹这里没有区分双方的子弹，同样也没写出游戏窗口后kill。
import os.pathimport pygamefrom Config import Constantclass Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, x, y):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)self.bullet_list = []self.bullet_number = 0for i in range(6):image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('image', 'bullet', 'bullet' + str(i + 1) + '.png'))rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (rect.width * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE, rect.height * Constant.PLAYER_SCALE))self.bullet_list.append(image)self.image = self.bullet_list[self.bullet_number]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = yself.speed_x = 0self.speed_y = 0self.counter = 0def update(self):if self.counter >= 30:self.bullet_number += 1if self.bullet_number > 5:self.bullet_number = 0else:self.counter += 1self.image = self.bullet_list[self.bullet_number]self.rect.x += self.speed_xself.rect.y += self.speed_y
6、Config.py
把游戏的全局常量、变量单独写出来，感觉在调用时还是挺方便的。
# Config.py
import pygameclass Constant:WIDTH = 1200HEIGHT = 720FPS = 60MAP_SCALE = 3PLAYER_SCALE = 2.5SPEED_X = 3SPEED_Y = -10GRAVITY = 0.5BULLET_SPEED = 8class Variable:all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()player_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()enemy_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()collider = pygame.sprite.Group()collider83 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider115 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider146 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider163 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider178 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider211 = pygame.sprite.Group()collider231 = pygame.sprite.Group()sprite_storage = pygame.sprite.Group()map_storage = pygame.sprite.Group()game_start = Truemap_switch = Trueplayer_switch = Trueenemy_counter = 0stage = 1step = 0
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