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参考文献：Harley Hahns：Guide to Unix and Linux， Chap 24,25
目录的操作：
——》you can change your "working directory" by using "cd" (change directory) command;
——》moving around directories: cd, pwd
——》make & remove a directory (folder): mkdir, rmdir
——》moving or renaming a director : mv
——》using the directory stack
——》display information about a directory : ls
——》checking file types: file
——》space usage of a file: ls -s
——》an important point: The amount of disk space used by a file is not the same as the amount of data in the file
——》wildcards
——》displaying a directory tree : tree
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文件的操作：chap 25
——》creating a file : vi | redirect | cp
——》copying a file : cp
——》copy a directory and all of its files to another directory
——》move a file to a different directory: mv
rename a file of directory : mv
——》delete a file: rm
——》delete an entire directory tree: rm -r
——》FILE PERMISSIONS
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