用GDB调试程序示列

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一个调试示例
——————

源程序：tst.c

     1 #include <stdio.h>
     2
     3 int func(int n)
     4 {
     5         int sum=0,i;
     6         for(i=0; i<n; i++)
     7         {
     8                 sum+=i;
     9         }
    10         return sum;
    11 }
    12
    13
    14 main()
    15 {
    16         int i;
    17         long result = 0;
    18         for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
    19         {
    20                 result += i;
    21         }
    22
    23        printf("result[1-100] = %d /n", result );
    24        printf("result[1-250] = %d /n", func(250) );
    25 }

编译生成执行文件：（Linux下）
hchen/test> cc -g tst.c -o tst

使用GDB调试：

hchen/test> gdb tst <---------- 启动GDB
GNU gdb 5.1.1
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-suse-linux"...
(gdb) l     <-------------------- l命令相当于list，从第一行开始例出原码。
1        #include <stdio.h>
2
3        int func(int n)
4        {
5                int sum=0,i;
6                for(i=0; i<n; i++)
7                {
8                        sum+=i;
9                }
10               return sum;
(gdb)       <-------------------- 直接回车表示，重复上一次命令
11       }
12
13
14       main()
15       {
16               int i;
17               long result = 0;
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
19               {
20                       result += i;
(gdb) break 16    <-------------------- 设置断点，在源程序第16行处。
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048496: file tst.c, line 16.
(gdb) break func <-------------------- 设置断点，在函数func()入口处。
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048456: file tst.c, line 5.
(gdb) info break <-------------------- 查看断点信息。
Num Type           Disp Enb Address    What
1   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048496 in main at tst.c:16
2   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048456 in func at tst.c:5
(gdb) r           <--------------------- 运行程序，run命令简写
Starting program: /home/hchen/test/tst

Breakpoint 1, main () at tst.c:17    <---------- 在断点处停住。
17               long result = 0;
(gdb) n          <--------------------- 单条语句执行，next命令简写。
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) n
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) c          <--------------------- 继续运行程序，continue命令简写。
Continuing.
result[1-100] = 5050       <----------程序输出。

Breakpoint 2, func (n=250) at tst.c:5
5                int sum=0,i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p i        <--------------------- 打印变量i的值，print命令简写。
$1 = 134513808
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$2 = 1
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) p i
$3 = 2
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$4 = 3
(gdb) bt        <--------------------- 查看函数堆栈。
#0 func (n=250) at tst.c:5
#1 0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
#2 0x400409ed in __libc_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) finish    <--------------------- 退出函数。
Run till exit from #0 func (n=250) at tst.c:5
0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
24              printf("result[1-250] = %d /n", func(250) );
Value returned is $6 = 31375
(gdb) c     <--------------------- 继续运行。
Continuing.
result[1-250] = 31375    <----------程序输出。