本文主要是介绍关于AtomicInteger的实现原理,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
首先给出一个并发编程时,对于计数器进行累加时有问题的程序:
public class CountExample1 {// 请求总数public static int clientTotal = 5000;// 同时并发执行的线程数public static int threadTotal = 200;public static int count = 0;public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);for (int i = 0; i< clientTotal; i ++) {executorService.execute(()->{try {semaphore.acquire();add();semaphore.release();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}countDownLatch.countDown();});}countDownLatch.await();executorService.shutdown();log.info("count:{}", count);}private static void add() {count ++;}
}
上述代码,本意是运行之后,count的值为5000,实际上每次运行的结果都小于5000。
改进:
将上述的int改为AtomicInteger,如下:
public class CountExample2 {// 请求总数public static int clientTotal = 5000;// 同时并发执行的线程数public static int threadTotal = 200;public static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);for (int i = 0; i< clientTotal; i ++) {executorService.execute(()->{try {semaphore.acquire();add();semaphore.release();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}countDownLatch.countDown();});}countDownLatch.await();executorService.shutdown();log.info("count:{}", count);}private static void add() {count.incrementAndGet();}
}
删除代码中每次执行的结果都是5000,与我们预期的一致。
那么AtomicInteger的实现原理是什么呢?
查看count.incrementAndGet()函数的实现,如下:
public final int incrementAndGet() {return unsafe.getAndAddInt(this, valueOffset, 1) + 1;
}
这个unsafe类提供的getAndAddInt(Object var1, long var2, int var4),查看该源码为:
public final int getAndAddInt(Object var1, long var2, int var4) {int var5;do {var5 = this.getIntVolatile(var1, var2);} while(!this.compareAndSwapInt(var1, var2, var5, var5 + var4));return var5;
}
分析上述方法:
var5通过获取本地中的变量(其实应该取的是 主存的值),然后比较当前的var2的值与本地变量var5是否相等,如果不相等则重复判断,直到相等才执行增加操作。这样就保证数据的一致性。这个也叫做CMS。
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