本文主要是介绍学习天机04(优惠劵),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
1.使用Redis和Mq优化领取优惠卷的高并发操作
实现思路:
因为领取优惠券的操作,涉及到操作db的操作很多,比如说查询优惠卷,统计已经领取的数量,更新已经发放的数量和新增用户券。所以了防止在高并发的情况下对我们的数据库造成的压力。使用同步变异步的操作来减缓压力,主要是使用mq。由于一些校验的操作需要提醒给用户,所以红框的操作需要借助redis完成,因为mq是异步的。
存入redis的结构(Hash结构):
Redis的添加和删除的时机:
代码实现:
发放优惠卷的时候添加缓存:
private final StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;@Transactional
@Override
public void beginIssue(CouponIssueFormDTO dto) {// 1.查询优惠券Coupon coupon = getById(dto.getId());if (coupon == null) {throw new BadRequestException("优惠券不存在!");}// 2.判断优惠券状态,是否是暂停或待发放if(coupon.getStatus() != CouponStatus.DRAFT && coupon.getStatus() != PAUSE){throw new BizIllegalException("优惠券状态错误!");}// 3.判断是否是立刻发放LocalDateTime issueBeginTime = dto.getIssueBeginTime();LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();boolean isBegin = issueBeginTime == null || !issueBeginTime.isAfter(now);// 4.更新优惠券// 4.1.拷贝属性到POCoupon c = BeanUtils.copyBean(dto, Coupon.class);// 4.2.更新状态if (isBegin) {c.setStatus(ISSUING);c.setIssueBeginTime(now);}else{c.setStatus(UN_ISSUE);}// 4.3.写入数据库updateById(c);// 5.添加缓存,前提是立刻发放的if (isBegin) {coupon.setIssueBeginTime(c.getIssueBeginTime());coupon.setIssueEndTime(c.getIssueEndTime());cacheCouponInfo(coupon);}// 6.判断是否需要生成兑换码,优惠券类型必须是兑换码,优惠券状态必须是待发放if(coupon.getObtainWay() == ObtainType.ISSUE && coupon.getStatus() == CouponStatus.DRAFT){coupon.setIssueEndTime(c.getIssueEndTime());codeService.asyncGenerateCode(coupon);}
}private void cacheCouponInfo(Coupon coupon) {// 1.组织数据Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(4);map.put("issueBeginTime", String.valueOf(DateUtils.toEpochMilli(coupon.getIssueBeginTime())));map.put("issueEndTime", String.valueOf(DateUtils.toEpochMilli(coupon.getIssueEndTime())));map.put("totalNum", String.valueOf(coupon.getTotalNum()));map.put("userLimit", String.valueOf(coupon.getUserLimit()));// 2.写缓存redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(PromotionConstants.COUPON_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + coupon.getId(), map);
}
暂停发放优惠券的时候移除缓存:
@Override
@Transactional
public void pauseIssue(Long id) {// 1.查询旧优惠券Coupon coupon = getById(id);if (coupon == null) {throw new BadRequestException("优惠券不存在");}// 2.当前券状态必须是未开始或进行中CouponStatus status = coupon.getStatus();if (status != UN_ISSUE && status != ISSUING) {// 状态错误,直接结束return;}// 3.更新状态boolean success = lambdaUpdate().set(Coupon::getStatus, PAUSE).eq(Coupon::getId, id).in(Coupon::getStatus, UN_ISSUE, ISSUING).update();if (!success) {// 可能是重复更新,结束log.error("重复暂停优惠券");}// 4.删除缓存redisTemplate.delete(PromotionConstants.COUPON_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + id);
}
至于过期移除缓存,需要编写一个定时任务,定期扫描优惠券并判断是否到达过期时间。如果到达则需要将优惠券状态置为发放结束,并移除Redis缓存。
领取优惠券的代码思路:注意因为此时为了保证其原子性,就锁住了整个逻辑代码,影响不大,因为是直接操作redis的,锁对象的话就是优惠券id。
package com.tianji.promotion.service.impl;
// ...略import static com.tianji.promotion.constants.PromotionConstants.COUPON_CODE_MAP_KEY;
import static com.tianji.promotion.constants.PromotionConstants.COUPON_RANGE_KEY;/*** <p>* 用户领取优惠券的记录,是真正使用的优惠券信息 服务实现类* </p>** @author 虎哥*/
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class UserCouponServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserCouponMapper, UserCoupon> implements IUserCouponService {private final CouponMapper couponMapper;private final IExchangeCodeService codeService;private final StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;private final RabbitMqHelper mqHelper;@Override@Lock(name = "lock:coupon:#{couponId}")public void receiveCoupon(Long couponId) {// 1.查询优惠券Coupon coupon = queryCouponByCache(couponId);if (coupon == null) {throw new BadRequestException("优惠券不存在");}// 2.校验发放时间LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();if (now.isBefore(coupon.getIssueBeginTime()) || now.isAfter(coupon.getIssueEndTime())) {throw new BadRequestException("优惠券发放已经结束或尚未开始");}// 3.校验库存if (coupon.getIssueNum() >= coupon.getTotalNum()) {throw new BadRequestException("优惠券库存不足");}Long userId = UserContext.getUser();// 4.校验每人限领数量// 4.1.查询领取数量String key = PromotionConstants.USER_COUPON_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + couponId;Long count = redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, userId.toString(), 1);// 4.2.校验限领数量if(count > coupon.getUserLimit()){throw new BadRequestException("超出领取数量");}// 5.扣减优惠券库存redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(PromotionConstants.COUPON_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + couponId, "totalNum", -1);// 6.发送MQ消息UserCouponDTO uc = new UserCouponDTO();uc.setUserId(userId);uc.setCouponId(couponId);mqHelper.send(MqConstants.Exchange.PROMOTION_EXCHANGE, MqConstants.Key.COUPON_RECEIVE, uc);}private Coupon queryCouponByCache(Long couponId) {// 1.准备KEYString key = PromotionConstants.COUPON_CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + couponId;// 2.查询Map<Object, Object> objMap = redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);if (objMap.isEmpty()) {return null;}// 3.数据反序列化return BeanUtils.mapToBean(objMap, Coupon.class, false, CopyOptions.create());}// ...略
}
mq监听方的代码处理:
package com.tianji.promotion.handler;import com.tianji.promotion.domain.dto.UserCouponDTO;
import com.tianji.promotion.service.IUserCouponService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import static com.tianji.common.constants.MqConstants.Exchange.PROMOTION_EXCHANGE;
import static com.tianji.common.constants.MqConstants.Key.COUPON_RECEIVE;@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Component
public class PromotionMqHandler {private final IUserCouponService userCouponService;@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "coupon.receive.queue", durable = "true"),exchange = @Exchange(name = PROMOTION_EXCHANGE, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = COUPON_RECEIVE))public void listenCouponReceiveMessage(UserCouponDTO uc){userCouponService.checkAndCreateUserCoupon(uc);}
}// 移除了锁,这里不需要加锁了
@Transactional
@Override
public void checkAndCreateUserCoupon(UserCouponDTO uc) {// 1.查询优惠券Coupon coupon = couponMapper.selectById(uc.getCouponId());if (coupon == null) {throw new BizIllegalException("优惠券不存在!");}// 2.更新优惠券的已经发放的数量 + 1int r = couponMapper.incrIssueNum(coupon.getId());if (r == 0) {throw new BizIllegalException("优惠券库存不足!");}// 3.新增一个用户券saveUserCoupon(coupon, uc.getUserId());// 4.更新兑换码状态if (uc.getSerialNum()!= null) {codeService.lambdaUpdate().set(ExchangeCode::getUserId, uc.getUserId()).set(ExchangeCode::getStatus, ExchangeCodeStatus.USED).eq(ExchangeCode::getId, uc.getSerialNum()).update();}
}
2.优惠券推荐使用
业务流程分析:
功能需求:
-
判断一个优惠券是否可用,也就是检查订单金额是否达到优惠券使用门槛
-
按照优惠规则计算优惠金额,能够计算才能比较并找出最优方案
-
生成优惠券规则描述,目的是在页面直观的展示各种方案,供用户选择
四种优惠规则:
-
每满减:例如每满100减10
-
折扣:例如满100打9.5折,最大不超过50
-
无门槛:例如直接抵扣10元
-
满减:例如满100减15
数据库字段:
-
优惠门槛(thresholdAmount):也就是优惠的基本条件,例如满100
-
优惠值(discountValue):也就是具体折扣,例如减10、打9.5折
-
最大优惠(maxDiscountValue):最大折扣,限制折扣金额
优惠类型(discountType)对应到数据库的字段就是discount_type.
使用策略模式定义规则:
优惠券智能推荐接口:
思路分析:
入参与出参:
代码实现:
细筛:
private final ICouponScopeService scopeService;private Map<Coupon, List<OrderCourseDTO>> findAvailableCoupon(List<Coupon> coupons, List<OrderCourseDTO> courses) {Map<Coupon, List<OrderCourseDTO>> map = new HashMap<>(coupons.size());for (Coupon coupon : coupons) {// 1.找出优惠券的可用的课程List<OrderCourseDTO> availableCourses = courses;if (coupon.getSpecific()) {// 1.1.限定了范围,查询券的可用范围List<CouponScope> scopes = scopeService.lambdaQuery().eq(CouponScope::getCouponId, coupon.getId()).list();// 1.2.获取范围对应的分类idSet<Long> scopeIds = scopes.stream().map(CouponScope::getBizId).collect(Collectors.toSet());// 1.3.筛选课程availableCourses = courses.stream().filter(c -> scopeIds.contains(c.getCateId())).collect(Collectors.toList());}if (CollUtils.isEmpty(availableCourses)) {// 没有任何可用课程,抛弃continue;}// 2.计算课程总价int totalAmount = availableCourses.stream().mapToInt(OrderCourseDTO::getPrice).sum();// 3.判断是否可用Discount discount = DiscountStrategy.getDiscount(coupon.getDiscountType());if (discount.canUse(totalAmount, coupon)) {map.put(coupon, availableCourses);}}return map;
}
排列组合:
package com.tianji.promotion.service.impl;import com.tianji.api.dto.promotion.CouponDiscountDTO;
import com.tianji.api.dto.promotion.OrderCourseDTO;
import com.tianji.common.utils.CollUtils;
import com.tianji.common.utils.UserContext;
import com.tianji.promotion.domain.po.Coupon;
import com.tianji.promotion.domain.po.CouponScope;
import com.tianji.promotion.mapper.UserCouponMapper;
import com.tianji.promotion.service.ICouponScopeService;
import com.tianji.promotion.service.IDiscountService;
import com.tianji.promotion.strategy.discount.Discount;
import com.tianji.promotion.strategy.discount.DiscountStrategy;
import com.tianji.promotion.utils.PermuteUtil;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DiscountServiceImpl implements IDiscountService {private final UserCouponMapper userCouponMapper;@Overridepublic List<CouponDiscountDTO> findDiscountSolution(List<OrderCourseDTO> orderCourses) {// 1.查询我的所有可用优惠券List<Coupon> coupons = userCouponMapper.queryMyCoupons(UserContext.getUser());if (CollUtils.isEmpty(coupons)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 2.初筛// 2.1.计算订单总价int totalAmount = orderCourses.stream().mapToInt(OrderCourseDTO::getPrice).sum();// 2.2.筛选可用券List<Coupon> availableCoupons = coupons.stream().filter(c -> DiscountStrategy.getDiscount(c.getDiscountType()).canUse(totalAmount, c)).collect(Collectors.toList());if (CollUtils.isEmpty(availableCoupons)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 3.排列组合出所有方案// 3.1.细筛(找出每一个优惠券的可用的课程,判断课程总价是否达到优惠券的使用需求)Map<Coupon, List<OrderCourseDTO>> availableCouponMap = findAvailableCoupon(availableCoupons, orderCourses);if (CollUtils.isEmpty(availableCouponMap)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 3.2.排列组合availableCoupons = new ArrayList<>(availableCouponMap.keySet());List<List<Coupon>> solutions = PermuteUtil.permute(availableCoupons);// 3.3.添加单券的方案for (Coupon c : availableCoupons) {solutions.add(List.of(c));}// 4.计算方案的优惠明细List<CouponDiscountDTO> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>(solutions.size()));for (List<Coupon> solution : solutions) {list.add(calculateSolutionDiscount(availableCouponMap, orderCourses, solution));}// 5.筛选最优解return null;}// ... 略
}
计算明细:
private CouponDiscountDTO calculateSolutionDiscount(Map<Coupon, List<OrderCourseDTO>> couponMap, List<OrderCourseDTO> courses, List<Coupon> solution) {// 1.初始化DTOCouponDiscountDTO dto = new CouponDiscountDTO();// 2.初始化折扣明细的映射Map<Long, Integer> detailMap = courses.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(OrderCourseDTO::getId, oc -> 0));// 3.计算折扣for (Coupon coupon : solution) {// 3.1.获取优惠券限定范围对应的课程List<OrderCourseDTO> availableCourses = couponMap.get(coupon);// 3.2.计算课程总价(课程原价 - 折扣明细)int totalAmount = availableCourses.stream().mapToInt(oc -> oc.getPrice() - detailMap.get(oc.getId())).sum();// 3.3.判断是否可用Discount discount = DiscountStrategy.getDiscount(coupon.getDiscountType());if (!discount.canUse(totalAmount, coupon)) {// 券不可用,跳过continue;}// 3.4.计算优惠金额int discountAmount = discount.calculateDiscount(totalAmount, coupon);// 3.5.计算优惠明细calculateDiscountDetails(detailMap, availableCourses, totalAmount, discountAmount);// 3.6.更新DTO数据dto.getIds().add(coupon.getCreater());dto.getRules().add(discount.getRule(coupon));dto.setDiscountAmount(discountAmount + dto.getDiscountAmount());}return dto;
}private void calculateDiscountDetails(Map<Long, Integer> detailMap, List<OrderCourseDTO> courses,int totalAmount, int discountAmount) {int times = 0;int remainDiscount = discountAmount;for (OrderCourseDTO course : courses) {// 更新课程已计算数量times++;int discount = 0;// 判断是否是最后一个课程if (times == courses.size()) {// 是最后一个课程,总折扣金额 - 之前所有商品的折扣金额之和discount = remainDiscount;} else {// 计算折扣明细(课程价格在总价中占的比例,乘以总的折扣)discount = discountAmount * course.getPrice() / totalAmount;remainDiscount -= discount;}// 更新折扣明细detailMap.put(course.getId(), discount + detailMap.get(course.getId()));}
}
多线程计算方案的优惠明细:
这里的难点有两个:
-
1)线程任务是带返回值的任务
-
2)虽然是多线程运行,但是我们要等待所有线程都执行完毕后才返回结果
针对第二个点,我们可以利用JUC
包提供的工具CountDownLatch
来实现。
针对第一个点,我们则需要利用一个JDK1.8的新工具:CompletableFuture
来实现。
自定义线程池:
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class PromotionConfig {// ... 略@Beanpublic Executor discountSolutionExecutor(){ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();// 1.核心线程池大小executor.setCorePoolSize(12);// 2.最大线程池大小executor.setMaxPoolSize(12);// 3.队列大小executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);// 4.线程名称executor.setThreadNamePrefix("discount-solution-calculator-");// 5.拒绝策略executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());executor.initialize();return executor;}
}
为了保证线程安全使用Collections.synchronizedList来进行集合的添加。
@Slf4j
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DiscountServiceImpl implements IDiscountService {private final UserCouponMapper userCouponMapper;private final ICouponScopeService scopeService;private final Executor discountSolutionExecutor;@Overridepublic List<CouponDiscountDTO> findDiscountSolution(List<OrderCourseDTO> orderCourses) {// 1.查询我的所有可用优惠券List<Coupon> coupons = userCouponMapper.queryMyCoupons(UserContext.getUser());if (CollUtils.isEmpty(coupons)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 2.初筛// 2.1.计算订单总价int totalAmount = orderCourses.stream().mapToInt(OrderCourseDTO::getPrice).sum();// 2.2.筛选可用券List<Coupon> availableCoupons = coupons.stream().filter(c -> DiscountStrategy.getDiscount(c.getDiscountType()).canUse(totalAmount, c)).collect(Collectors.toList());if (CollUtils.isEmpty(availableCoupons)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 3.排列组合出所有方案// 3.1.细筛(找出每一个优惠券的可用的课程,判断课程总价是否达到优惠券的使用需求)Map<Coupon, List<OrderCourseDTO>> availableCouponMap = findAvailableCoupon(availableCoupons, orderCourses);if (CollUtils.isEmpty(availableCouponMap)) {return CollUtils.emptyList();}// 3.2.排列组合availableCoupons = new ArrayList<>(availableCouponMap.keySet());List<List<Coupon>> solutions = PermuteUtil.permute(availableCoupons);// 3.3.添加单券的方案for (Coupon c : availableCoupons) {solutions.add(List.of(c));}// 4.计算方案的优惠明细List<CouponDiscountDTO> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>(solutions.size()));// 4.1.定义闭锁CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(solutions.size());for (List<Coupon> solution : solutions) {// 4.2.异步计算CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calculateSolutionDiscount(availableCouponMap, orderCourses, solution),discountSolutionExecutor).thenAccept(dto -> {// 4.3.提交任务结果list.add(dto);latch.countDown();});}// 4.4.等待运算结束try {latch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);} catch (InterruptedException e) {log.error("优惠方案计算被中断,{}", e.getMessage());}// TODO 5.筛选最优解return null;}// ... 略
}
这篇关于学习天机04(优惠劵)的文章就介绍到这儿,希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助!