本文主要是介绍Oracle ORA_ROWSCN 伪列 说明,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
一. 官网对该伪列的说明
From:11gR2
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17118/pseudocolumns007.htm#SQLRF50953
Foreach row, ORA_ROWSCN returns the conservative upper bound system change number(SCN) of the most recent change to the row in the current session. Thispseudocolumn is useful for determining approximately when a row was lastupdated.
Itis not absolutely precise, because Oracle tracks SCNs by transaction committedfor the block in which the row resides. You can obtain a more fine-grainedapproximation of the SCN by creating your tables with row-level dependencytracking. Refer to CREATE TABLE ... NOROWDEPENDENCIES| ROWDEPENDENCIES for more information on row-level dependency tracking.
ROWDEPENDENCIESSpecify ROWDEPENDENCIES if you want to enable row-level dependency tracking.This setting is useful primarily to allow for parallel propagation inreplication environments. It increases the size of each row by 6 bytes.
NOROWDEPENDENCIESSpecify NOROWDEPENDENCIES if you do not want table to use the row-leveldependency tracking feature. This is the default.
也就是说,使用表的默认创建参数,即norowdependencies时,此时的ora_rawscn 取自data block header的SCN,那么这时候,对于同一个block里的row而言,他们的ora_rowscn 是一样的。
而在创建table时指定为rowdependencies时,那么会为每行row 保存一个ora_rowscn. 这样对于同一个block里的row,会有多个ora_rowscn 值。通过dump block,可以发现每个row 会多出一个dscn的信息,该信息就是用来保存ora_rowscn的。
如:
tab 0, row 1, @0×1f88
tl: 12 fb: –H-FL– lb: 0×2 cc: 1
dscn 0×0000.00000000
tab 0, row 1, @0×1f88
tl: 12 fb: –H-FL– lb: 0×0 cc: 1
dscn 0×0005.105a6cc1
这是同一个row的dump 信息,第一次dscn 为0. 此时信息是从itl的Scn/Fsc中获得的,当itl发生cleanout时会把Scn/Fsc刷到dscn,就是上面的第二段信息。具体这块后面会实验证明。
关于block dump 和 itl 说明,参考:
Oracle datafile block 格式 说明
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/1375
Orace ITL(InterestedTransaction List) 说明
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/1397
You cannot use this pseudocolumn in a query to a view.However, you can use it to refer to the underlying table when creating a view.You can also use this pseudocolumn in the WHERE clause of an UPDATE or DELETEstatement.
--不能在视图使用ora_rowscn伪列
ORA_ROWSCN is not supported for Flashback Query.Instead, use the version query pseudocolumns, which are provided explicitly forFlashback Query. Refer to the SELECT ...flashback_query_clausefor information on Flashback Query and "VersionQuery Pseudocolumns" for additional information on thosepseudocolumns.
--ora_rowscn 不支持Flashbackquery。
Restriction on ORA_ROWSCN: This pseudocolumn is notsupported for external tables.
--ora_rowscn 不支持外部表
Example:
Thefirst statement below uses the ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn to get the system changenumber of the last operation on the employees table.
SELECT ORA_ROWSCN, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 188;
--使用ORA_ROWSCN获取该row 最后一次更新时的SCN
The second statement uses the pseudocolumnwith the SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP function to determine the timestamp of the operation:
SELECTSCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN), last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 188;
--使用SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP 和 ORA_ROWSCN,获取最后一次修改row的时间
二. ORA_ROWSCN 说明
ORA_ROWSCN伪列是Oracle10g引入的,可以查询表中记录最后变更的SCN。这个新的伪列在某些环境下会非常有用,比如执行乐观锁定,或者增量数据抽取的时候。但是,默认情况下,每行记录的ORA_ROWSCN是基于Block的,除非在建表的时候执行开启行级跟踪(createtable … rowdependencies)。
2.1 乐观锁和ORA_ROWSCN
需要select ... for update做悲观锁定的时候,通过使用ORA_ROWSCN可以改成乐观锁定。一开始select数据的时候将ORA_ROWSCN查出来,修改后如果要写回数据库之前再比对下最新的ORA_ROWSCN就可以知道这期间数据是否有发生变化。
2.2 增量数据抽取和ORA_ROWSCN
每次抽取后记录最大的ORA_ROWSCN,下次抽取再基于上一次的SCN来获得最近修改过的数据即可。在10g之前,很多系统要实现增量数据抽取,要么通过解析日志,要么加触发器,要么就在表上加一个时间截字段。
ORA_ROWSCN其实就是第三种方式,只是这个字段由Oracle来维护,这样可以避免一些应用绕过时间截去更新其他字段带来的问题。不过,如果系统中使用了逻辑备库或者streams等逻辑复制的方案,而数据抽取又是基于逻辑备库的话,ORA_ROWSCN就可能对抽取后的数据分析有影响了,因为通过这个得到的时间是逻辑备库上记录变更的时间,而不是源库的时间了。
当然,如果纯粹只是做数据抽取,而不需要使用这个时间来做分析,还是问题不大的,但还是要考虑一旦逻辑备库出现故障需要重做的,则这个增量抽取要怎么来处理的问题。
三. 测试
3.1 基本测试
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> create table rowscn1(idnumber,name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn1values(1,'dave');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn1values(1,'dave');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> SELECT
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) REL_FNO,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) BLOCKNO,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) ROWNO,
id,name from rowscn1; 4 5
REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO ID NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
1 305890 0 1 dave
1 305890 1 1 dave
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select ora_rowscn,idfrom rowscn1;
ORA_ROWSCN ID
---------- ----------
7233799 1
7233799 1
在默认情况下,使用的是block header的SCN,所以这时候,如果我们就该该表的信息,block header 的scn 发生改变,那么对应block上所有的ora_rowscn 也会发生改变。
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn1values(2,'anqing');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select ora_rowscn,id from rowscn1;
ORA_ROWSCN ID
---------- ----------
7233940 1
7233940 1
7233940 2
这个和我们上面的理论一致。
3.2 rowdependencies/norowdependencies 与ora_rowscn测试
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> create tablerowscn2(id number,name varchar2(20)) rowdependencies;
Table created.
启动行级别的跟踪。
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn2values(1,'dave');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn2values(2,'anqing');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> SELECT
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) REL_FNO,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) BLOCKNO,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) ROWNO,
id,name from rowscn2;
4 5
REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO ID NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
1 305898 0 1 dave
1 305898 1 2 anqing
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select ora_rowscn,idfrom rowscn2;
ORA_ROWSCN ID
---------- ----------
7234177 1
7234177 2
测试2个ora_rowscn 是一样的。 我们把这个block dump 出来看一下:
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> alter system dump datafile 1 block 305898;
System altered.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> oradebugtracefile_name
/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/udump/anqing2_ora_22260.trc
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ cat/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/udump/anqing2_ora_22260.trc
/u01/app/oracle/admin/anqing/udump/anqing2_ora_22260.trc
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise EditionRelease 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real ApplicationClusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
System name: Linux
Node name: rac2
Release: 2.6.18-194.el5
Version: #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
Machine: i686
Instance name: anqing2
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 2
Oracle process number: 20
Unix process pid: 22260, image: oracle@rac2(TNS V1-V3)
*** 2011-08-04 00:35:21.673
*** ACTION NAME:() 2011-08-04 00:35:21.673
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@rac2 (TNS V1-V3))2011-08-04 00:35:21.673
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2011-08-0400:35:21.673
*** SESSION ID:(148.61626) 2011-08-0400:35:21.673
Start dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1minblk 305898 maxblk 305898
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x0044aaea (1/305898)
scn: 0x0000.006e6281 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x02tail: 0x62810601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0000 type: 0x06=transdata
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
Dump of memory from 0x0EAF6400 to0x0EAF8400
.....
Block header dump: 0x0044aaea
Object id on Block? Y
seg/obj: 0xdbdd csc: 0x00.6e627d itc: 2 flg: O typ: 1 - DATA
fsl: 0 fnx: 0x0 ver: 0x01
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x000e.004.000003cf 0x0140003b.00ce.10 --U- 2 fsc 0x0000.006e6281
0x02 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000
data_block_dump,data header at 0xeaf645c
===============
tsiz: 0x1fa0
hsiz: 0x16
pbl: 0x0eaf645c
bdba: 0x0044aaea
76543210
flag=--R-----
ntab=1
nrow=2
frre=-1
fsbo=0x16
fseo=0x1f7c
avsp=0x1f66
tosp=0x1f66
0xe:pti[0] nrow=2 offs=0
0x12:pri[0] offs=0x1f8f
0x14:pri[1] offs=0x1f7c
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f8f
tl: 17 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.00000000
col 0: [ 2] c1 02
col 1: [ 4] 64 61 76 65
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f7c
tl: 19 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.00000000
col 0: [ 2] c1 03
col 1: [ 6] 61 6e 71 69 6e 67
end_of_block_dump
End dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk305898 maxblk 305898
此时测dscn 为0. 在前面讲过, ora_rwscn 是在itl 发生cleanout 时刷到dscn的。 我们在进行一些事务操作查看一下。
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select * fromrowscn2;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 dave
2 anqing
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> update rowscn2 setid=3 where id=1;
1 row updated.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> update rowscn2 setid=4 where id=2;
1 row updated.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select ora_rowscn,idfrom rowscn2;
ORA_ROWSCN ID
---------- ----------
7234500 3
7234509 4
--测试的ora_rowscn已经发生改变
我们dump 看一下:
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x000c.005.0000042a 0x01400101.016d.34 --U- 1 fsc 0x0000.006e63cd
0x02 0x000e.006.000003cb 0x0140003b.00ce.11 --U- 1 fsc0x0000.006e63c4
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f8f
tl: 17 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x2 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.006e6281
col 0: [ 2] c1 04
col 1: [ 4] 64 61 76 65
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f7c
tl: 19 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.006e6281
col 0: [ 2] c1 05
col 1: [ 6] 61 6e 71 69 6e 67
注意这里的dscn 还是一样的,这就是说,我们刚才通过select 查询的结果一个是从dscn出来的,还有一个是从itl里出来的。 我们在进行一些事务操作。
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn2values(1,'huaining');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> insert into rowscn2values(2,'dmm');
1 row created.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select ora_rowscn,idfrom rowscn2;
ORA_ROWSCN ID
---------- ----------
7234500 3
7234509 4
7234673 1
7234683 2
再次dump block:
Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc
0x01 0x000b.02d.000003d4 0x01400042.00c0.16 --U- 1 fsc 0x0000.006e647b
0x02 0x0013.003.000003b4 0x0140008f.00c2.12 --U- 1 fsc 0x0000.006e6471
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f8f
tl: 17 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.006e63c4
col 0: [ 2] c1 04
col 1: [ 4] 64 61 76 65
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f7c
tl: 19 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.006e63cd
col 0: [ 2] c1 05
col 1: [ 6] 61 6e 71 69 6e 67
tab 0, row 2, @0x1f67
tl: 21 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x2 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.00000000
col 0: [ 2] c1 02
col 1: [ 8] 68 75 61 69 6e 69 6e 67
tab 0, row 3, @0x1f57
tl: 16 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1 cc: 2
dscn 0x0000.00000000
col 0: [ 2] c1 03
col 1: [ 3] 64 6d 6d
end_of_block_dump
--测试我们的前两条记录的dscn 值不一样了。
最后执行一下官网有关时间的一个测试:
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> col SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN)for a35
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> selectscn_to_timestamp(ora_rowscn),id,name from rowscn2;
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN) ID NAME
--------------------------------------------- --------------------
04-AUG-11 12.39.42.000000000 AM 3 dave
04-AUG-11 12.39.54.000000000 AM 4 anqing
04-AUG-11 12.44.27.000000000 AM 1 huaining
04-AUG-11 12.44.39.000000000 AM 2 dmm
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