手动的一个个去校验前端传过来的字段数据,是很麻烦的,利用django 的forms组件,对需要校验的字段定义好,能够大大提高效率。
校验字段功能
from django.db import modelsclass UserInfo(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)email = models.EmailField()tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)
定义自己的forms,前端传过来的数据字段,要和forms里面的字段一样
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title></head> <body><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div><label for="user">用户名</label><p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p></div><div><label for="pwd">密码</label><p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p></div><div><label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label><p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p></div><div><label for="email">邮箱</label><p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p></div><input type="submit"> </form></body> </html>
from django.forms import widgetswid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})class UserForm(forms.Form):name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)def register(request):if request.method=="POST":form=UserForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值else:print(form.cleaned_data) #print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]return HttpResponse("OK")form=UserForm()return render(request,"register.html",locals())
渲染标签功能
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <h3>注册页面</h3> <div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div><label for="">用户名</label>{{ form.name }}</div><div><label for="">密码</label>{{ form.pwd }}</div><div><label for="">确认密码</label>{{ form.r_pwd }}</div><div><label for=""> 邮箱</label>{{ form.email }}</div><input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form></div></div> </div></body> </html>
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div><label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}</div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form>
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{{ form.as_p }}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form>
显示错误与重置输入信息功能
视图
def register(request):if request.method=="POST":form=UserForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值else:print(form.cleaned_data) #print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]return render(request,"register.html",locals())form=UserForm()return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div><label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"></form>
局部钩子与全局钩子
# forms组件 from django.forms import widgetswid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class UserForm(forms.Form):name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)# 局部钩子def clean_name(self):val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")if not val.isdigit():return valelse:raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")# 全局钩子def clean(self):pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")if pwd==r_pwd:return self.cleaned_dataelse:raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')def register(request):if request.method=="POST":form=UserForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值else:clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")return render(request,"register.html",locals())form=UserForm()return render(request,"register.html",locals())
---
app01/myforms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import widgets from app01.models import UserInfofrom django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationErrorclass UserForm(forms.Form):name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"}, # label 用于前端展示widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})) # html挂件 pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))# 对字段进行校验 clean_xx , 验证完记得要返回对应字段值def clean_name(self):val = self.cleaned_data.get("name") # cleaned_data 提交过来的干净的字段数据ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)if not ret:return valelse:raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")def clean_tel(self):val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")if len(val) == 11:return valelse:raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")def clean(self):pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')if pwd and r_pwd:if pwd == r_pwd:return self.cleaned_dataelse:raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')else:return self.cleaned_data # 要返回数据
处理视图
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom app01.myforms import *def reg(request):if request.method == "POST":# print(request.POST)# form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})form = UserForm(request.POST) # 前端传过来的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致# print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}else:print(form.cleaned_data) # {"email":"123@qq.com"}# print(form.errors) # {"name":[".........."]}# print(type(form.errors)) # ErrorDict# print(form.errors.get("name"))# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) # ErrorList# print(form.errors.get("name")[0])# 全局钩子错误# print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])errors = form.errors.get("__all__")return render(request, "reg.html", locals())'''form.is_valid() :返回布尔值form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}form.errors :{"name":[".........."]}'''form = UserForm()return render(request, "reg.html", locals())
提交模板
模板渲染的3种方式
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><style>.error{color: red;}</style><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">{#<h3>简单form</h3>#}{##}{##}{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{# <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}{# <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}{# <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}{# <p>邮箱 <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}{# <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}{# <input type="submit">#}{##}{#</form>#}<hr><h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3><form action="" method="post" novalidate> {# 自己校验 #}{% csrf_token %}<p>{{ form.name.label }}{{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>{{ form.pwd.label }}{{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>确认密码{{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span></p><p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p><input type="submit"></form>{#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}{##}{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{##}{# {% for field in form %}#}{##}{# <div>#}{# <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}{# {{ field }}#}{# </div>#}{##}{# {% endfor %}#} {# 每行的错误信息不好展示 #}{##}{# <input type="submit">#}{#</form>#}{##}{#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3 用的比较少</h3>#}{##}{#<form action="" method="post">#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{##}{# {{ form.as_p }}#}{##}{# <input type="submit">#}{#</form>#}</div></div> </div></body> </html>
错误信息在定义forms的时选择添加与否