狂飙Linux平台，PostgreSQL16部署大全

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PostgreSQL16的部署方式可以基于Linux，也可以在Window上部署，作为目前最火的关系型数据库，安装部署是第一步，本文详细介绍了PostgreSQL16基于Linux8操作系统的3种部署方式，并附带了避坑指南，希望带领大家开启PG的学习之路

官方文档指南
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/

📣 1.源码安装

✨ 1.1 源码包下载

官网下载安装包
https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

✨ 1.2 创建用户

[root@rhel8 ~]# groupadd -g 60000 postgres
[root@rhel8 ~]# useradd -u 60000 -g postgres postgres
[root@rhel8 ~]# echo “postgres” | passwd --stdin postgres

✨ 1.3 创建目录

[root@rhel8 ~]# mkdir -p /pgccc/{pgdata,archive,scripts,backup,pgsql-16,soft}
[root@rhel8 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /pgccc
[root@rhel8 ~]# chmod -R 775 /pgccc

✨ 1.4 本地yum源配置

1.创建挂载路径
[root@rhel8 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom2.挂载系统镜像光盘到指定目录
#因为光盘的格式通常是iso9660，意思是/dev/sr0挂载在/mnt/cdrom目录上
[root@rhel8 ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
mount: /mnt/cdrom: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.3.修改yum源配置文件
编辑rhel8-local.repo文件
[root@rhel8 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@rhel8 yum.repos.d]# vi rhel8-local.repo
[localREPO]
name=localhost8
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/BaseOS
enable=1
gpgcheck=0[localREPO_APP]
name=localhost8_app
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/AppStream
enable=1
gpgcheck=04.配置好后重建本地缓存
yum clean all 
yum makecache 
yum repolist安装依赖包
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel \
libxslt libxslt-devel perl perl-devel python-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed \
readline readline-devel bzip2 zlib zlib-devel \
gettext gettext-devel bison flex gcc gcc-c++ \
boost-devel gmp* mpfr* libevent* libpython3.6myum install libicu-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel -y

✨ 1.5 操作系统参数设置

--关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl status firewalld--关闭安全服务
临时关闭：
setenforce 0永久关闭：
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config查看是否成功关闭：
getenforce
cat /etc/selinux/config--资源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
soft    nofile   65535
hard    nofile   65535
soft    nproc   65535
hard    nproc   65535

✨ 1.6 编译安装

[root@rhel8 ~]# cp /opt/postgresql-16.2.tar.gz /pgccc/soft
[root@rhel8 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /pgccc/soft
[root@rhel8 ~]# chmod -R 775 /pgccc/soft

[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ cd /pgccc/soft/
[postgres@rhel8 soft]$ tar zxvf postgresql-16.2.tar.gz

–配置预编译
[postgres@rhel8 postgresql-16.2]$ ./configure --prefix=/pgccc/pgsql-16 --without-readline

–编译及安装
[postgres@rhel8 postgresql-16.2]$ make -j 4 && make install
#编译及安装正常，则输出结尾如下

✨ 1.7 配置环境变量

cat >> ~/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export PS1="[\u@\h \W]\$ "
export PGPORT=5432
export PGDATA=/pgccc/pgdata
export PGHOME=/pgccc/pgsql-16
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres
EOF[postgres@rhel8 ]$ source  /.bash_profile

✨ 1.8 初始化DB

[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]# /pgccc/pgsql-16/bin/initdb -D /pgccc/pgdata -E UTF8
–locale=en_US.utf8 -U postgres

[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ pg_ctl -D /pgccc/pgdata -l logfile start

✨ 1.9 配置DB参数

两个参数文件：

cat >> /pgccc/pgdata/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
#unix_socket_directories='/pgccc/pgdata'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
EOFcat > /pgccc/pgdata/pg_hba.conf << EOF
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
local  replication  all                    trust
EOF

✨ 1.10 数据库启动

[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ pg_ctl restart
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ pg_ctl status
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ netstat -anp | grep 5432
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ cd /pgccc/pgdata/pg_log --日志文件

📣 2.RPM离线安装PG

✨ 2.1 RPM包下载

https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/16/redhat/rhel-8.1-x86_64/

数据库lib库
postgresql16-libs-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm
客户端安装包
postgresql16-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm
数据库主程序
postgresql16-server-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm

下载libzstd依赖包，高于1.4.0版本
https://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php

rpm -ivh libzstd-1.4.4-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql16-libs-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql16-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql16-server-16.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm

✨ 2.2 环境变量配置

[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgrescat >> ~/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export PS1="[\u@\h \W]\$ "
export PGPORT=5432
export PGDATA=/pgccc/pgdata
export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-16
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres
EOF[postgres@rhel8 ]$ source  ~/.bash_profile 

✨ 2.3 数据库初始化

mkdir -p /pgccc/{pgdata,archive,scripts,backup,pgsql-16,soft}
chown -R postgres:postgres /pgccc
chmod -R 775 /pgccc

su - postgres
/usr/pgsql-16/bin/initdb -U postgres -E utf8 -D /pgccc/pgdata

✨ 2.4 配置DB参数

两个参数文件：
/pgccc/pgdata/postgresql.conf
/pgccc/pgdata/pg_hba.conf

cat >> /pgccc/pgdata/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
EOFcat > /pgccc/pgdata/pg_hba.conf << EOF
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
local  replication  all                    trust
EOF

#启动
[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ pg_ctl restart
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ pg_ctl status
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ netstat -anp | grep 5432
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ cd /pgccc/pgdata/pg_log --日志文件

📣 3.YUM在线安装

✨ 3.1 安装依赖包

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

yum install -y cmake make gcc zlib gcc-c++ perl readline readline-devel
yum install -y zlib-devel perl python36 tcl openssl ncurses-devel openldap pam
yum install -y zlib libicu

✨ 3.2 配置YUM源

sudo dnf install -y \
https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

✨ 3.3 确认版本

dnf update
yum repolist all | grep pgdg
yum repolist enabled | grep pgdg

✨ 3.4 安装PG

离线安装
rpm -ivh libzstd-1.4.4-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y postgresql16 postgresql16-server
#环境变量
–root下操作
echo “export PATH=/usr/pgsql-16/bin:$PATH” >> /etc/profile

✨ 3.5 初始化PG

/usr/pgsql-16/bin/postgresql-16-setup initdb
systemctl enable postgresql-16
systemctl start postgresql-16
systemctl status postgresql-16

✨ 3.6 DB登陆

su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ psql
postgres=# \l

✨ 3.7 配置文件修改

cat >> /var/lib/pgsql/16/data/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
#unix_socket_directories='/var/lib/pgsql/16/data'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
EOF##黑名单配置
cat << EOF > /var/lib/pgsql/16/data/pg_hba.conf
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
local  replication  all                    trust
EOF

systemctl restart postgresql-16 --重启
systemctl status postgresql-16 --查看状态

4.总结

安装部署是关键，只有环境才能更好的训练，以上内容我已经在B站制作了详细视频

B站直播间：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yj421Z7iJ

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