本文主要是介绍iOS中的地理位置的获取及plist设置,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
1.在前台的时候获取地理位置信息
ios 8/9
-
在info.plist中配置
NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription
的值,否则上面的方法无效 -
调用
.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
获取前台获取地理位置权限 - 调用
.startUpdatingLocation()
代码示例
class ViewController: UIViewController {lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {let locate = CLLocationManager()locate.delegate = selflocate.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()return locate}()override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()}
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {print("位置信息已经更新")}
}
2.前后台获取,但是后台获取的时候,屏幕上方有蓝框提示用户正在后台获取
ios8
- 调用
.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
获取前台获取地理位置权限 - 在info.plist中配置
NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription
的值,否则上面的方法无效 - 设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾
- 调用
.startUpdatingLocation()
ios9
- 调用
.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
获取前台获取地理位置权限 - 设置
.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
(ios 9需要执行) - 在info.plist中配置
NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription
的值,否则上面的方法无效 - 设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾 (如果第二步做了,此步没做,直接crash)
- 调用
.startUpdatingLocation()
ios8/ios9可以后台蓝框定位的代码示例:
class ViewController: UIViewController {lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {let locate = CLLocationManager()locate.delegate = selflocate.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true}return locate}()override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()}
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {print("位置信息已经更新")}
}
3.后台获取,后台获取的时候,屏幕上方无蓝框提示
- 调用
.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
获取前台获取地理位置权限 - 在info.plist中配置
NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription
的值,否则上面的方法无效 - 设置
.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
(ios 9需要执行) - 设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾 (本步骤在ios 8中可以不做设置,但是在ios9中如果第三步做了,而此步没有做,直接crash)
- 调用
.startUpdatingLocation()
代码示例
class ViewController: UIViewController {lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {let locate = CLLocationManager()locate.delegate = selflocate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true}return locate}()override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()}
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {print("位置信息已经更新")}
}
4.权限改变的通知
注意:在Denied或者NotDetermined的状态下startUpdatingLocation,开始监听之后,当状态改变成允许的状态时,会直接进入监听状态,不必再次调用startUpdateingLocation
func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didChangeAuthorizationStatus status: CLAuthorizationStatus) {switch status {case .AuthorizedAlways:print("始终")case .AuthorizedWhenInUse:print("使用的时候")case .Denied:print("拒绝")if CLLocationManager.locationServicesEnabled() {print("真拒绝了")}else{print("是关闭了定位服务")}case .NotDetermined:print("第一次,尚未决定")case .Restricted:print("没有权限的")}}
5.过滤距离
很多时候我们需要监听函数只调用一次来获取用户当前的位置
- 在监听函数中停止监听
- 设置监听的过滤距离
//如果监听器已经开启,此值修改之后立即生效 self.locateM.distanceFilter = 100 //每100米,调用一次监听
6.精度
注意:越精确越耗电,定位的时间越长,如果要定位城市,没有必要选最精确的
self.locateM.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest//kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation//kCLLocationAccuracyBest//kCLLocationAccuracyNearestTenMeters//kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters//kCLLocationAccuracyKilometer//kCLLocationAccuracyThreeKilometers
7.CLLocation详解
public var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D { get } //经纬度
public var altitude: CLLocationDistance { get } //海拔
public var horizontalAccuracy: CLLocationAccuracy { get } //位置信息是否有效,如果为负数,则无效
public var verticalAccuracy: CLLocationAccuracy { get } //海拔数据是否有效,如果为负数,则无效
public var course: CLLocationDirection { get } //当前的角度(0-359.9)
public var speed: CLLocationSpeed { get } //当前的速度
public var timestamp: NSDate { get } //位置确定的时间戳
public var floor: CLFloor? { get } //楼层(前提是已经注册的建筑),如果没有为nil //计算两个经纬度之间的距离
public func distanceFromLocation(location: CLLocation) -> CLLocationDistance
8.指南针小例子
class ViewController: UIViewController {@IBOutlet weak var mImageView: UIImageView!lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {let locate = CLLocationManager()locate.delegate = selflocate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true}return locate}()override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()if(CLLocationManager.headingAvailable()){self.locateM.startUpdatingHeading()}else{print("当前磁力计有问题")} }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateHeading newHeading: CLHeading) {//1.拿到当前设备对正朝向的角度let angle = newHeading.magneticHeading//2.把角度转换成弧度let hudu = CGFloat(angle / 180 * M_PI)//3.反向旋转照片UIView.animateWithDuration(0.5) { self.mImageView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-hudu)}}
}
9.区域的监听
class ViewController: UIViewController {lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {let locate = CLLocationManager()locate.delegate = selflocate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true}return locate}()override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()//首先应该判断当前是否可以监听某个区域if CLLocationManager.isMonitoringAvailableForClass(CLCircularRegion){//1.创建区域let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(21.123, 121.345)var distance : CLLocationDistance = 1000//限制监听的范围不能超过最大的范围if distance < locateM.maximumRegionMonitoringDistance{distance = locateM.maximumRegionMonitoringDistance}let region = CLCircularRegion(center: center, radius: distance, identifier: "xiaoxiao")//2.监听区域self.locateM.startMonitoringForRegion(region)//3.判断当前状态是否是在区域内还是区域外,//在`didDetermineState`代理方法中获得结果self.locateM.requestStateForRegion(region)}}
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didEnterRegion region: CLRegion) {print("进入了区域"+region.identifier)}func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didExitRegion region: CLRegion) {print("出了区域"+region.identifier)}func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didDetermineState state: CLRegionState, forRegion region: CLRegion) {//获取刚开始是否在区域内或者区域外if region.identifier == "xiaoxiao"{switch state {case .Inside:print("已经是区域内的")case .Outside:print("没有在区域内")case .Unknown:print("不清楚")}}}
}
10.地理编码与反地理编码
- 地理编码
打印let geoCoder = CLGeocoder() geoCoder.geocodeAddressString("广州") { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error : NSError?) inif error == nil{print("地址编码成功")print(pls?.last?.location)}else{print("错误 \(error)")} }
地址编码成功 Optional(<+23.12517800,+113.28063700> +/- 100.00m (speed -1.00 mps / course -1.00) @ 8/14/16, 9:49:22 PM China Standard Time)
- 反地理编码
打印let geoCoder = CLGeocoder() geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(CLLocation(latitude:23.125,longitude: 113.280)) { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error:NSError?) inif error == nil{print("地址反编码成功 城市:\(pls?.last?.locality)")print(pls?.last?.addressDictionary)}else{print("错误 \(error)")}}
地址反编码成功 城市:Optional("Guangzhou") Optional([SubLocality: Yuexiu, Street: Yunhai Tongjin No.11, State: Guangdong, CountryCode: CN, Thoroughfare: Yunhai Tongjin No.11, Name: Luo Sangmeidi, Country: China, FormattedAddressLines: <__NSArrayM 0x7ff1da5652d0>( Yunhai Tongjin No.11 Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ) , City: Guangzhou])
-
注意同一个CLGeocoder对象,不能同时编码与反编码
比如let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()geoCoder.geocodeAddressString("广州") { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error : NSError?) in...}geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(CLLocation(latitude:23.125,longitude: 113.280)) { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error:NSError?) in...}
这样只会打印第一个编码成功的结果
11.CLPlacemark对象详解
@NSCopying public var location: CLLocation? { get } //经纬度
@NSCopying public var region: CLRegion? { get } //所关联的地理区域
@available(iOS 9.0, *)
@NSCopying public var timeZone: NSTimeZone? { get } //时间域
public var addressDictionary: [NSObject : AnyObject]? { get } //详细地址信息//addressDictionary中的属性
public var name: String? { get } //名字
public var thoroughfare: String? { get } //街道名字
public var subThoroughfare: String? { get } //子街道名字
public var locality: String? { get } //城市名称
public var subLocality: String? { get } //邻城市名称
public var administrativeArea: String? { get } //行政区域 比如:CA
public var subAdministrativeArea: String? { get } //子行政区域
public var postalCode: String? { get } //邮政编码
public var ISOcountryCode: String? { get } //国家代码表
public var country: String? { get } //国家
public var inlandWater: String? { get } //内陆水域
public var ocean: String? { get } //海洋
public var areasOfInterest: [String]? { get } //兴趣点
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