Centos7静默安装Oracle12c(12.2.0.1.0) DBCA创建CDBPDB

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Centos7静默安装Oracle12c(12.2.0.1.0) & DBCA创建CDB&PDB

1.安装数据库软件

安装OS依赖包

Oracle 12.2.0.1.0的系统依赖包官方说明可以参考：
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/supported-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-distributions-for-x86-64.html#GUID-2E11B561-6587-4789-A583-2E33D705E498

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-devel ksh libaio*.i686 libaio libaio-devel*.i686 libaio-devel libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++-devel libXi*.i686 libXi libXtst*.i686 libXtst make sysstat libxcb*.i686 libxcb libX11*.i686 libX11 libXau*.i686 libXau libXrender*.i686 libXrender libXrender-devel*.i686 libXrender-devel net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools bc

rpm -qa binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-devel ksh libaio*.i686 libaio libaio-devel*.i686 libaio-devel libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++-devel libXi*.i686 libXi libXtst*.i686 libXtst make sysstat bc libxcb*.i686 libxcb libX11*.i686 libX11 libXau*.i686 libXau libXrender*.i686 libXrender libXrender-devel*.i686 libXrender-devel net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools |wc -l

OS基础环境配置和准备操作（防火墙&Selinux、swap、内核优化、用户限制），可以参考：Centos7 安装 Oracle11g_sunny05296的博客-CSDN博客

创建用户和组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
passwd oracle

创建Oracle数据库的安装目录(for静默安装)
mkdir -p /opt/oracle
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
mkdir -p /opt/database
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/database

chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

Oracle用户的环境变量配置：
#oracle数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
#oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1
#oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
#xterm窗口模式安装
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
#添加系统环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
#添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
#防止安装过程出现乱码
#export LANG=en_US.gbk
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
#设置Oracle客户端字符集，必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致，
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

解压
su - oracle
cd /opt
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -d /opt/database

编辑静默安装响应文件
su oracle
cp -R /opt/database/database/response/ /home/oracle/
vim /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp #Oracle 12.2.0.1.0和低版本的配置有些区别

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost #没有该参数
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oraInventory
#SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN #没有该参数
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba #和低版本项目，参数名 DBA_GROUP => OSDBA_GROUP 多了一个OS，其他后面几个也是一样的
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#12c除了上面11g的参数外，还要额外设置下面参数，否则会报错
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba #12.2.0.1.0比12.1多出来的参数

静默安装
cd /opt/database/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

安装成功会提示root身份执行root.sh，按照执行即可

2.创建监听器

以静默方式配置监听
重新使用oracle用户登录
su - oracle
cd /home/oracle/response/
netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
注意此处，必须使用 /silent /responseFile 格式，而不是-silent -responseFile，因为是静默安装

查看监听状态
lsnrctl status

3.创建数据库

本文下面只介绍创建CDB+PDB的过程，如果不需要CDB，只需要创建FS的非CDB数据库，则可以直接参考：Centos7静默安装Oracle12c_sunny05296的博客-CSDN博客

dbca建库

建库时刻根据自己的实际情况选择对应的方式建库，一般有下面几种：
1.创建存储为磁盘组的CDB单实例数据库
2.创建rac类型的CDB数据库
3.创建FS存储方式的单实例（不含PDB）数据库
4.创建FS存储方式的单实例（含一个PDB）数据库
5.静默方式创建一个非CDB数据库

由于本次我是想要创建CDB&PDB数据库，所以，这里和以往创建非CDB数据库的操作有些区别

接下来通过dbca创建容器数据库(CDB)

注意：
1.当数据库版本小于 12.2.0.1 时，一般放在 example 表空间中。从 Oracle 12.2 开始不再提供该示例表空间了，即使在创建语句中加上“ sampleSchema true ”也依然没有 example 表空间，而会把相关数据放到 SYSAUX 表空间中。

2.在《Oracle数据库许可信息用户手册》中，详细说明了不同情况下PDB的个数限制：
对于所有产品，如果您未获得Oracle Multitenant（多租户）许可，则容器数据库体系结构可在单租户模式下使用，即使用一个用户创建的PDB，一个用户创建的应用程序根，以及一个用户创建的代理PDB。
EE：额外费用选项; 如果您获得Oracle Multitenant许可，那么您最多可以创建252个PDB。
EE-ES：额外费用选项; 如果您获得Oracle Multitenant许可，那么您最多可以创建4096个PDB。
DBCS EE-HP，DBCS EE-EP和ExaCS：包含选项; 您最多可以创建4096个PDB。

3. 关于多租户。多租户最重要的2个概念是容器数据库（CDB,multitenant container database）和可热插拔数据库（pluggable databases，PDB）。
CDB相当于一个大的容器，这个大的容易在物理上是一个整体，在这个大的容器中还有一些小的容器（PDB），一个CDB含有3种类型的容器：
root容器：包含元数据信息。
seed容器：它就是一个模板，新的PDB可以基于这个模板进行创建。
PDB：也是最重要的，它包含用户数据，我们的创建的表就放在这里。而root和seed主要出于管理的目的。

我接下来创建FS存储方式的CDB数据库（默认包含2个PDB）数据库：注意红色部分尽量用小写，否则可能导致后面我遇到的问题

dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-gdbname ORCL -sid ORCL \
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
-numberOfPDBs 3 \
-pdbName ORCLPDB \
-pdbAdminPassword 1q2w3e \
-sysPassword 1q2w3e -systemPassword 1q2w3e \
-datafileDestination '/opt/oracle/oradata' \
-recoveryAreaDestination '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' \
-redoLogFileSize 200 \
-storageType FS \
-characterset AL32UTF8 -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 \
-sampleSchema true \
-totalMemory 1024 \
-databaseType OLTP \
-emConfiguration NONE

说明：
-templateName : $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
-responseFile：如果配置了responseFile，则指定，如果不指定配置文件，也可以通过参数设置进行创建
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE：指定创建容器数据库CDB
-numberOfPDBs 3：指定包含pdb的个数
-pdbName ORCLPDB：如果numberOfPDBs=1，则指定的就是pdbname，如果创建的个数大于1，则这里指定的就是pdbname的前缀，会自动根据个数进行区分
-redoLogFileSize 200 ：指定redoLogFile文件大小200M
-storageType FS：FS | ASM。存储系统类型，我用的是文件系统。如果用ASM，则填 ASM
-characterset：数据库字符集，默认是US7ASCII，国内存储中文一般设置为 AL32UTF8
-nationalCharacterSet ：UTF8 | AL16UTF16，国家语言字符集
-databaseType：MULTIPURPOSE | DATA_WAREHOUSING | OLTP。used for memory distribution when memoryPercentage specified。
-totalMemory: total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle
-emConfiguration : CENTRAL|DBEXPRESS|BOTH|NONE，Enterprise Manager Configuration Type，默认为NONE

[FATAL] [DBT-12507] DBCA does not allow sample schemas to be configured in container database with more than one PDBs.
ACTION: Choose only one PDB to be created in the container database.

针对该错误信息，Oracle官方的解释：
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/errmg/DBT-00001.html#GUID-05C1A5C2-217B-4489-AFA7-EBF3CCB2578A

DBT-12507: DBCA does not allow sample schemas to be configured in container database with more than one PDBs.
Cause: n/a

Action: Choose only one PDB to be created in the container database. *FQN: oracle.assistants.dbca.resource.DBCAErrorCode.UNABLE_TO_CREATE_SAMPLE_SCHEMA_FOR_MULTIPLE_PDB_ERR

大概意思是说container database中只能创建1个PDB，详细原因没有搞明白。
那就先创建CDB（只包含1个PDB）：

注意：gdbname & sid 指定时， ORCL 尽量用小写的 orcl，避免文件系统区分大小写带来的问题。我后面就碰到问题了。

dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-gdbname ORCL -sid ORCL \
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName ORCLPDB \
-pdbAdminPassword 1q2w3e \
-sysPassword 1q2w3e -systemPassword 1q2w3e \
-datafileDestination '/opt/oracle/oradata' \
-recoveryAreaDestination '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' \
-redoLogFileSize 200 \
-storageType FS \
-characterset AL32UTF8 -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 \
-sampleSchema true \
-totalMemory 2048 \
-databaseType OLTP \
-emConfiguration NONE

创建成功
......
75% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.
[oracle@localhost response]$

建库后进行实例进程检查：

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

查看监听状态
lsnrctl status

[oracle@localhost response]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 18:23:52

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-NOV-2020 18:21:47
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 4 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "b49c3521c8e513cbe055000000000001" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost response]$

查看监听端口
[oracle@localhost response]$
[oracle@localhost response]$ netstat -an |grep 1521
tcp6 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN

登录查看实例状态：
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;

SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

数据库没有启动

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
SQL>

[oracle@localhost pfile]$ ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 337 Nov 21 18:41 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 21 18:42 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1441 Aug 28 2015 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 195 Nov 21 18:41 sqlnet2011216PM4157.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 195 Nov 21 18:41 sqlnet.ora
[oracle@localhost pfile]$

发现没有 tnsnames.ora，只有一个listener.ora

关于这个错误：LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
我在网上搜了一下，说只需要把 /$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile/init.ora.10212020181036 文件拷贝到 /$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 下面，
然后重命名为 initorcl.ora 即可，然后重启数据库，就能解决了。

$ ls -l $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile/init.ora.*
ls: cannot access /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.*: No such file or directory

$ ls -l /$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
total 20
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 21 18:13 hc_ORCL.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 15 2015 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Nov 21 18:06 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 21 18:10 orapwORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 21 19:00 spfileORCL.ora

发现我配置的环境变量 ORACLE_SID 是小写的 'orcl'，而我dbca建库的时候指定的SID为大写的'ORCL'
修改环境变量ORACLE_SID把小写改成大写：orcl 改为 ORCL。

执行拷贝和重命名：

cp /$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile/init.ora.10212020181036 /$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

mv init.ora.10212020181036 initORCL.ora

说明：建库配置的时候尽量使用小写的sid，虽然Oracle数据库不区分大小写默认大写处理，但文件系统目录是区分大小写的，容易导致不一致的问题。

重启数据库和监听器
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate;

lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup

OK，问题解决，成功启动了

数据库启动成功后，再查看一下 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/ ，发现 tnsnames.ora 没有自动生成，后面测试远程连接时无法连接，后面遇到问题，我还是手动创建配置了该问题。

详细原因，后面再研究。备注：首次安装的时候，没有自动生成这个文件，我第二套环境再次安装的时候发现是会自动生成的。

$ ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 337 Nov 21 19:41 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 21 18:42 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1441 Aug 28 2015 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 195 Nov 21 18:41 sqlnet2011216PM4157.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 195 Nov 21 19:41 sqlnet2011217PM4123.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 195 Nov 21 19:41 sqlnet.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$

$ ls -l /$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora

sqlplus / as sysdba

select status from v$instance;
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------------------------------
OPEN

col CON_NAME for a20
col NAME for a20
col OPEN_MODE for a20

show pdbs;
show con_name;
select name,cdb,open_mode,con_id from v$database;

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 ORCLPDB MOUNTED
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> select name,cdb,open_mode,con_id from v$database;

NAME CDB OPEN_MODE CON_ID
-------------------- --------- -------------------- ----------
ORCL YES READ WRITE 0

查看CDB的数据文件存储路径
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf

查看一下目录结构：
[oracle@localhost ORCL]$ ls -l /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/
total 2005916
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 18726912 Nov 21 20:17 control01.ctl
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 104 Nov 21 18:13 ORCLPDB
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 111 Nov 21 18:08 pdbseed
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Nov 21 20:09 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Nov 21 20:17 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Nov 21 20:09 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 492838912 Nov 21 20:14 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 838868992 Nov 21 20:14 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 34611200 Nov 21 18:09 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 68165632 Nov 21 20:14 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Nov 21 20:09 users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost ORCL]$

切换到ORCLPDB：
SQL> alter session set container=ORCLPDB;

Session altered.

SQL> alter pluggable database ORCLPDB open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 ORCLPDB READ WRITE NO
SQL>
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/ORCLPDB/users01.dbf

为了测试，我需要再创建1个pdb2

基于种子容器(seed)创建pdb2：

切换到CDB操作：

alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdb2 identified by "1q2w3e"
storage (maxsize 10G)
default tablespace pdb
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb2/pdb01.dbf' size 100M autoextend on
path_prefix = '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb2/'
file_name_convert = ('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed','/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb2/');

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 ORCLPDB READ WRITE NO
4 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>

SQL> alter session set container=PDB2;

Session altered.

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB2 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL>
SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
4 PDB2 READ WRITE NO
SQL>

如果查看数据库是普通单实例db还是cdb&pdb，可以执行下面命令查看：

SQL> select name, decode(cdb, 'YES', 'Multitenant Option enabled', 'Regular 12c Database: ') "Multitenant Option" , open_mode, con_id from v$database;

接下来需要创用户、表空间和授权远程访问等操作。参考图形化安装的创建用户、表空间、授权等操作即可:
https://blog.csdn.net/sunny05296/article/details/56840775

1.CDB中创建表空间、创建用户、授权（我这里就不单独创建表空间了，只简单创建用户和授权）

alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

create user C##TEST identified by "1q2w3e";

grant dba to C##TEST;

如果不想授予dba权限、仅授予常规权限，可以根据自己实际情况授相应的权限：
grant connect,resource,select any table, create session, create table, create view, unlimited tablespace to C##TEST;

2.ORCLPDB中创建表空间、创建用户、授权（我这里就不单独创建表空间了，只简单创建用户和授权）

alter session set container=ORCLPDB;

create user TEST identified by "1q2w3e";

grant dba to TEST;

如果不想授予dba权限、仅授予常规权限，可以根据自己实际情况授相应的权限：
grant connect,resource,select any table, create session, create table, create view, unlimited tablespace to TEST;

3.PDB2中创建表空间、创建用户、授权（我这里就不单独创建表空间了，只简单创建用户和授权）

alter session set container=PDB2;

create user TEST identified by "1q2w3e";

grant dba to TEST;

远程连接测试，连接失败，本地连接测试，也无法连接：
SQL> conn test/1q2w3e@orcl
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL>

应该是TNS配置有问题。

tnsping 进行本次测试

tnsping orcl
tnsping ORCLPDB
tnsping pdb2
都测试不通

[oracle@localhost ~]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 21:03:29

Used parameter files:
/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
[oracle@localhost ~]$ tnsping ORCL

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 21:03:37

Used parameter files:
/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
[oracle@localhost ~]$

看来还得创建修改配置：

touch /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
vim /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

修改后的内容如下：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL.localdomain)
)
)

ORCLPDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCLPDB.localdomain)
)
)

PDB2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = PDB2.localdomain)
)
)

vim /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
增加 SID_LIST_LISTENER 配置，修改后的内容如下：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL) #cdb db_name
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCLPDB) #pdb db_name
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PDB2) #pdb db_name
(SID_NAME = PDB2)
)
)

重启监听后，再tnsping测试，全部OK：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 21:29:36

Used parameter files:
/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL.localdomain)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@localhost admin]$
[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping orclpdb

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 21:29:42

Used parameter files:
/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCLPDB.localdomain)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@localhost admin]$
[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping pdb2

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-NOV-2020 21:29:46

Used parameter files:
/opt/oracle/product/12.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = PDB2.localdomain)))
OK (10 msec)
[oracle@localhost admin]$

PDB2连接测试OK：
IP:1521
ServieNAme: PDB2
TEST/1q2w3e

ORCLPDB连接测试OK:
IP:1521
ServieNAme: ORCLPDB
TEST/1q2w3e

CDB连接测试OK：
IP:1521
ServieNAme: ORCL
C##TEST/1q2w3e

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