OCA/OCP Oracle 数据库12c考试指南读书笔记：第33章：Managing Storage, Security, Availability, Performance in CDB/PDB

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多租户环境下的空间管理

多租户环境下，表空间和数据文件都是与容器关联的，或者是CDB或者是PDB。

表空间架构

容器ID和表空间名唯一确定表空间。

SQL> select con_id, c.name c, t.name t, d.name d from v$containers c join v$tablespace t using (con_id) join v$datafile d using (con_id, ts#) order by 1,2,3;CON_ID C          T          D
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 CDB$ROOT   SYSAUX     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf1 CDB$ROOT   SYSTEM     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf1 CDB$ROOT   UNDOTBS1   /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf1 CDB$ROOT   USERS      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf2 PDB$SEED   SYSAUX     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf2 PDB$SEED   SYSTEM     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system01.dbf2 PDB$SEED   UNDOTBS1   /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf3 ORCLPDB1   SYSAUX     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/sysaux01.dbf3 ORCLPDB1   SYSTEM     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/system01.dbf3 ORCLPDB1   UNDOTBS1   /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/undotbs01.dbf3 ORCLPDB1   USERS      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/users01.dbf4 ORCLPDB2   SYSAUX     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_h0vql1ps_.dbf4 ORCLPDB2   SYSTEM     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_system_h0vql1pm_.dbf4 ORCLPDB2   UNDOTBS1   /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_h0vql1py_.dbf4 ORCLPDB2   USERS      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_users_h0vql1q4_.dbf15 rows selected.

可以为每一个PDB设置空间限制：

alter pluggable database orclpdb1 storage(maxsize 2g);

使用 CREATE TABLESPACE

命令和non-CDB是一样的。
根据所在容器，CDB_TABLESPACES ，CDB_DATA_FILE，V$TABLESPACE 和V$DATAFILE可显示所有和所在PDB的表空间。
为方便管理，建议为PDB表空间使用单独目录。

PDB中的默认临时和永久表空间

alter session set container=orclpdb2;
create tablespace orclpdb2_dflt datafile size 100m autoextend on next 100m maxsize 1g;
alter database default tablespace orclpdb2_dflt;
create temporary tablespace temp_dflt tempfile size 100m autoextend on next 100m maxsize 500m;
alter database default temporary tablespace temp_dflt;

管理COMMON和本地用户，角色和权限

CDB中可定义common用户和角色，PDB中可定义本地用户和角色。

Common 和本地用户

两类用户，common和本地。common用户以c##为前缀（由COMMON_USER_PREFIX 定义），自动在PDB中建立。

create user c##user01 identified by Welcome1;

根容器中不能有本地用户。
common用户不代表在PDB中有相同的权限，默认没有任何权限，需要显式赋予。

$ rlwrap sqlplus c##user01/Welcome1@orclcdbSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jan 2 22:25:51 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.ERROR:
ORA-01045: user C##USER01 lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon deniedSQL> grant create session, set container to c##user01;Grant succeeded.
$ rlwrap sqlplus c##user01/Welcome1@orclcdbSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jan 2 22:27:38 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0SQL> alter session set container=orclpdb1;
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privilegesSQL> grant create session, set container to c##user01 container=all;Grant succeeded.SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
[oracle@oracle-19c-vagrant ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus c##user01/Welcome1@orclcdbSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jan 2 22:29:15 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Last Successful login time: Thu Jan 02 2020 22:27:38 +08:00Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0SQL> alter session set container=orclpdb1;Session altered.

全局和本地赋权

grant ... container=orclpdb1;
grant ... container=all;
grant ... container=current;

管理Common和本地角色

和用户一样，common角色以c##为前缀。

create role c##role1;
grant c##role1 to user01;

运行Common用户访问指定PDB中的数据

两类共享对象，都是link，分布为object link和metadata link。前者将PDB与根容器中的表连接，所有每个PDB看到同样的内容；后者是根容器中的内容和PDB中私有内容的合并，如dba_users。

-- dba_users中没有con_id，以下是在PDB中执行
SQL> select username, common from dba_users;
USERNAME                 COM
------------------------ ---
SYS                      YES
SYSTEM                   YES
XS$NULL                  YES
LBACSYS                  YES
OUTLN                    YES
DBSNMP                   YES
APPQOSSYS                YES
DBSFWUSER                YES
GGSYS                    YES
ANONYMOUS                YES
CTXSYS                   YES
DVSYS                    YES
DVF                      YES
GSMADMIN_INTERNAL        YES
MDSYS                    YES
OLAPSYS                  YES
XDB                      YES
WMSYS                    YES
GSMCATUSER               YES
MDDATA                   YES
SYSBACKUP                YES
REMOTE_SCHEDULER_AGENT   YES
PDBADMIN                 NO
GSMUSER                  YES
SYSRAC                   YES
HR                       NO
BI                       NO
OJVMSYS                  YES
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA       YES
AUDSYS                   YES
DIP                      YES
ORDPLUGINS               YES
OE                       NO
PM                       NO
C##USER01                YES
SYSKM                    YES
ORDDATA                  YES
ORACLE_OCM               YES
SYS$UMF                  YES
IX                       NO
SYSDG                    YES
ORDSYS                   YES
SH                       NO43 rows selected.SQL> select con_id, username, common from cdb_users order by username, con_id;CON_ID USERNAME                 COM
---------- ------------------------ ---1 ANONYMOUS                YES3 ANONYMOUS                YES4 ANONYMOUS                YES1 APPQOSSYS                YES3 APPQOSSYS                YES4 APPQOSSYS                YES1 AUDSYS                   YES3 AUDSYS                   YES4 AUDSYS                   YES3 BI                       NO1 C##USER01                YES3 C##USER01                YES4 C##USER01                YES1 CTXSYS                   YES3 CTXSYS                   YES4 CTXSYS                   YES1 DBSFWUSER                YES3 DBSFWUSER                YES4 DBSFWUSER                YES1 DBSNMP                   YES3 DBSNMP                   YES4 DBSNMP                   YES1 DIP                      YES3 DIP                      YES4 DIP                      YES1 DVF                      YES3 DVF                      YES4 DVF                      YES1 DVSYS                    YES3 DVSYS                    YES4 DVSYS                    YES1 GGSYS                    YES3 GGSYS                    YES4 GGSYS                    YES1 GSMADMIN_INTERNAL        YES3 GSMADMIN_INTERNAL        YES4 GSMADMIN_INTERNAL        YES1 GSMCATUSER               YES3 GSMCATUSER               YES4 GSMCATUSER               YES1 GSMROOTUSER              YES4 GSMROOTUSER              YES1 GSMUSER                  YES3 GSMUSER                  YES4 GSMUSER                  YES3 HR                       NO3 IX                       NO
...

示例：

 conn system/Welcome1@orclcdbselect con_id, username, common, oracle_maintained from cdb_users order by 1,2;select con_id, username, common, oracle_maintained from cdb_users order by 2,1;create user user1 identified by oracle; -- failedcreate user c##user1 identified by oracle;show parameter common_user_prefix; -- c##create user c##user2 identified by oracle container=all;grant dba to c##user1; -- only grant to user in root containergrant dba to c##user2 container=all;conn c##user1/oracle@orclcdbconn c##user1/oracle@orclpdb1 -- failed because of no privilegeconn c##user2/oracle@orclpdb1create user locala identified by oracle container=current;grant dba to locala;connect locala/oracle@orclpdb1select * from session_roles; -- DBA includedconn sys/Welcome1@orclcdb as sysdba-- new created user is not oracle maintainedselect con_id, username, common, oracle_maintained from cdb_users order by 1,2; conn system/Welcome1@orclcdbselect role,  common, oracle_maintained, con_id from cdb_roles order by role;create role myrole1 container=current; -- failed, only common role can be createdcreate role c##myrole1 container=current; -- failed, current is not allowedcreate role c##myrole1 container=all;create role c##myrole2 container=all;grant c##myrole1 to c##user2 container=all;grant c##myrole2 to c##user2 container=orclpdb1; -- failed, syntax errorconn system/Welcome1@orclpdb1;grant c##myrole1 to c##user2 container=all; -- failed, not allowedgrant c##myrole1 to c##user2 container=current;conn system/Welcome1@orclcdbselect grantee, granted_role, common, con_id from cdb_role_privs where grantee like 'C##%' order by 1,2,3;
GRANTEE      GRANTED_ROLE COM     CON_ID
------------ ------------ --- ----------
C##USER1     DBA          NO           1
C##USER2     C##MYROLE1   NO           3
C##USER2     C##MYROLE1   YES          4
C##USER2     C##MYROLE1   YES          1
C##USER2     C##MYROLE1   YES          3
C##USER2     DBA          YES          3
C##USER2     DBA          YES          4
C##USER2     DBA          YES          18 rows selected.
conn c##user2/oracle@orclpdb1
select * from session_roles; -- DBA & C##MYROLE1

由Oracle脚本创建的对象会将oracle_maintained设置为Y。这些对象不要手工改，而是仍通过Oracle提供的脚本修改。

多租户环境下的审计

传统审计仍有效（AUDIT_%参数和Audit命令），但多租户环境下建议使用统一审计。
当前容器的审计记录通过视图UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL查看，CDB_UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL 是所有容器的审计记录。
PDB中建立的policy只对PDB有效，CDB中建立的policy可在所有PDB中启用。
示例：

conn / as sysdba -- root container
create audit policy audit_sys actions all
when 'sys_context(''userenv'', ''isdba'')=''TRUE'''
evaluate per statement;
audit policy audit_sys whenever successful;
conn sys/Welcome1@orclpdb1 as sysdba
noaudit policy audit_sys; -- failed
select count(*) from hr.employees;
select con_id, dbusername, sql_text from cdb_unified_audit_trail where unified_audit_policies='AUDIT_SYS' and sql_text like '%emp%';
-- 都成功了，不知为何没有结果

多租户备份与恢复

可以备份整个CDB，单个PDB，表空间，数据文件。可以用RMAN DUPLICATE拷贝所有或指定的PDB。
CDB中的数据恢复建议器和non-CDB没有区别：

list failure;
advise failure;
repair failure;

备份CDB和单个PDB

$ rman target /
RMAN> report schema;Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCLCDBList of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    910      SYSTEM               YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf
3    590      SYSAUX               NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf
4    330      UNDOTBS1             YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf
5    270      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system01.dbf
6    320      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
7    5        USERS                NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf
8    100      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
9    280      ORCLPDB1:SYSTEM      YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/system01.dbf
10   350      ORCLPDB1:SYSAUX      NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/sysaux01.dbf
11   100      ORCLPDB1:UNDOTBS1    YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/undotbs01.dbf
12   207      ORCLPDB1:USERS       NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/users01.dbf
17   900      ORCLPDB2:SYSTEM      YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_system_h0vql1pm_.dbf
18   530      ORCLPDB2:SYSAUX      NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_h0vql1ps_.dbf
19   955      ORCLPDB2:UNDOTBS1    YES     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_h0vql1py_.dbf
20   5        ORCLPDB2:USERS       NO      /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_users_h0vql1q4_.dbfList of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    32       TEMP                 32767       /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/temp01.dbf
2    36       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/temp012020-01-02_14-54-57-386-PM.dbf
3    36       ORCLPDB1:TEMP        32767       /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/temp01.dbf
4    32       ORCLPDB2:TEMP        32767       /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/9B24E21F078450CDE0530100007FB288/datafile/o1_mf_temp_h0vql1q3_.dbf

备份命令示例，默认的备份位置在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下：

rman target /
backup database;
backup pluggable database orclpdb1;
backup tablespace orclpdb1:users, orclpdb1:sysaux;
rman target sys/Welcome1@orclpdb1 -- rman连到PDB
backup database; -- 备份当前PDB
backup tablespace users;

Restore 和Recovery

从mount到open状态，实例恢复会自动进行。
对于CDB，最重要的是SYSTEM和UNDO。对于PDB，最重要的是SYSTEM。

使用RMAN复制PDB

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE . . . FROM可以复制PDB，但RMAN更灵活，可复制整个CDB或部分PDB。需要启动一个辅助实例，辅助实例的初始化参数需设置ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE=TRUE.
以下为部分命令示例：

duplicate database to orclcdb2 pluggable database pdb1, pdb2...;
duplicate database to orclcdb2 skip pluggable database pdb3, pdb4...;
duplicate database to orclcdb2 pluggable database pdb1, pdb2... tablespace pdb3:users;

多租户性能监控与调优

通常，数据库和实例的调优在根容器做，SQL的调优在PDB中做。方法论和non-CDB是一样的：

1. 发现问题，设定目标
2. 确定可能原因
3. 给出解决方案
4. 确定方案是否有效
5. 重复2直到问题解决
   有些区别是PDB可能影响其它PDB, 因此需要资源管理器来控制。

调优实例

CDB就是单个实例。CDB中的内存调整和non-CDB一样。需要将CDB中所有PDB的内存需求合计（但需要做一些扣减，因不是所有PDB都是活动的）。使用Enterprise Manager可以方便的监控。
资源分配策略有三种，None(默认，无限制的，有争用时平均分配)，保证最小值，保证最小/限制最大。
资源分配依靠权重（share)。
CDB只有一个spfile，存储所有参数，但很多参数可以在PDB一级修改：

SQL> select ispdb_modifiable, count(ispdb_modifiable) from v$parameter group by ispdb_modifiable;ISPDB COUNT(ISPDB_MODIFIABLE)
----- -----------------------
TRUE                      191
FALSE                     254

可以查询PDB一级设置过的参数，本例中ORCLPDB2是从non-CDB转过来的：

SQL> select pdb_uid, pdb_name, name, value$ from pdb_spfile$ ps join cdb_pdbs cp on ps.pdb_uid=cp.con_uid;PDB_UID PDB_NAME   NAME                 VALUE$
---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------------------------991076965 ORCLPDB2   sga_target           1207959552991076965 ORCLPDB2   open_cursors         300991076965 ORCLPDB2   nls_language         'AMERICAN'991076965 ORCLPDB2   nls_territory        'AMERICA'991076965 ORCLPDB2   pga_aggregate_target 402653184

使用内存建议器

CDB中的buffer cache被所有PDB共享。因此block中是存了CON_ID的。
在CDB层面调，PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT是硬限制。
PDB层面可调的为SORT_AREA_SIZE 和 SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE。

管理PDB之间和PDB内的资源分配

CDB层面必须创建资源计划，其它和non-CDB一样。

通过Share管理PDB间资源

CDB中的PDB竞争的资源有CPU，parallel servers，如果是Exadata，还有I/O。
默认每个插入的PDB得到一个share。
最小保证的CPU是通过share的合计来计算的。

创建和修改资源管理计划

PDB内的资源可进一步细化控制。

限制PDB资源使用的参数

UTILIZATION_LIMIT和PARALLEL_SERVER_LIMIT实施控制。前者限制CPU, I/O和parallel servers。后者限制parallel server limit。

创建CDB资源计划

和non-CDB类似，多了一个对PDB的限制。在根容器中定义。使用DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER定义，步骤为：

1. CREATE_PENDING_AREA
2. CREATE_CDB_PLAN
3. CREATE_CDB_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
4. CREATE_CDB_DEFAULT_DIRECTIVE
5. UPDATE_CDB_AUTOTASK_DIRECTIVE
6. VALIDATE_PENDING_AREA
7. SUBMIT_PENDING_AREA

其它包括UPDATE_CDB_PLAN，DELETE_CDB_PLAN，UPDATE_CDB_PLAN_DIRECTIVE 和DELETE_CDB_PLAN_DIRECTIVE。
示例：

conn / as sysdba
exec dbms_resource_manager.create_pending_area();
begindbms_resource_manager.create_cdb_plan(plan => 'low_prio_apps',comment => 'orclpdb1 and orclpdb2 database low priority');
end;
/
begindbms_resource_manager.create_cdb_plan_directive(plan => 'low_prio_apps',pluggable_database => 'orclpdb1',shares => 1,utilization_limit => 50,parallel_server_limit => 50);
end;
/
begindbms_resource_manager.create_cdb_plan_directive(plan => 'low_prio_apps',pluggable_database => 'orclpdb2',shares => 1,utilization_limit => 75,parallel_server_limit => 75);
end;
/
exec dbms_resource_manager.validate_pending_area();
exec dbms_resource_manager.submit_pending_area();
alter system set resource_manager_plan='low_prio_apps';

以下是设置前后的resource plan:

SQL> show parameter resourceNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
resource_limit                       boolean     TRUE
resource_manage_goldengate           boolean     FALSE
resource_manager_cpu_allocation      integer     2
resource_manager_plan                string      SCHEDULER[0x4D57]:DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN
SQL> alter system set resource_manager_plan='low_prio_apps';System altered.SQL> show parameter resourceNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
resource_limit                       boolean     TRUE
resource_manage_goldengate           boolean     FALSE
resource_manager_cpu_allocation      integer     2
resource_manager_plan                string      low_prio_apps

查看资源计划Directive

SQL> select plan, pluggable_database, shares, utilization_limit, parallel_server_limit from dba_cdb_rsrc_plan_directives order by plan, pluggable_database;PLAN                     PLUGGABLE_DATABASE                   SHARES UTILIZATION_LIMIT PARALLEL_SERVER_LIMIT
------------------------ -------------------------------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------------
DEFAULT_CDB_PLAN         ORA$AUTOTASK                                               90
DEFAULT_CDB_PLAN         ORA$DEFAULT_PDB_DIRECTIVE                 1
DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN ORA$AUTOTASK                                               90
DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN ORA$DEFAULT_PDB_DIRECTIVE                 1
LOW_PRIO_APPS            ORA$AUTOTASK                                               90
LOW_PRIO_APPS            ORA$DEFAULT_PDB_DIRECTIVE                 1
LOW_PRIO_APPS            ORCLPDB1                                  1                50                    50
LOW_PRIO_APPS            ORCLPDB2                                  1                75                    75
ORA$INTERNAL_CDB_PLAN    ORA$AUTOTASK
ORA$INTERNAL_CDB_PLAN    ORA$DEFAULT_PDB_DIRECTIVE
ORA$QOS_CDB_PLAN         ORA$AUTOTASK                                               90
ORA$QOS_CDB_PLAN         ORA$DEFAULT_PDB_DIRECTIVE                 112 rows selected.

在12c前，资源计划的视图为DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES

管理PDB内的资源

和non-CDB类似，叫做PDB资源计划
PDB资源计划和non-CDB的区别如下：

资源计划特性	Non-CDB	PDB
多层级plan	是	否
最多消费组	32	8
subplan	是	否
CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE参数	N/A	SHARE
CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE参数	MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT	UTILIZATION_LIMIT
CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE参数	PARALLEL_TARGET_PERCENTAGE	PARALLEL_SERVER_LIMIT

视图仍可查询V$RSRC_PLAN，如果CON_ID=1，则为CDB资源计划：

SQL> select * from V$RSRC_PLAN where con_id = 1;ID NAME                 IS_TO CPU INS PARALLEL_SERVERS_ACTIVE PARALLEL_SERVERS_TOTAL
---------- -------------------- ----- --- --- ----------------------- ----------------------
PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MANAGED           CON_ID DIRECTIVE_TYPE                       SHARES UTILIZATION_LIMIT
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------------------------- ---------- -----------------
PARALLEL_SERVER_LIMIT MEMORY_MIN MEMORY_LIMIT PROFILE
--------------------- ---------- ------------ --------------------------------73301 LOW_PRIO_APPS        TRUE  ON  OFF                       0                     40
FULL                                      1SQL> select * from V$RSRC_PLAN;ID NAME                 IS_TO CPU INS PARALLEL_SERVERS_ACTIVE PARALLEL_SERVERS_TOTAL
---------- -------------------- ----- --- --- ----------------------- ----------------------
PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MANAGED           CON_ID DIRECTIVE_TYPE                       SHARES UTILIZATION_LIMIT
-------------------------------- ---------- -------------------------------- ---------- -----------------
PARALLEL_SERVER_LIMIT MEMORY_MIN MEMORY_LIMIT PROFILE
--------------------- ---------- ------------ --------------------------------73301 LOW_PRIO_APPS        TRUE  ON  OFF                       0                     40
FULL                                      119630 INTERNAL_PLAN        TRUE  ON  OFF                       0                     16
FULL                                      2 DEFAULT_DIRECTIVE                         119630 INTERNAL_PLAN        TRUE  ON  OFF                       0                     16
FULL                                      3 PDB                                       1                505019630 DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_ TRUE  ON  OFF                       0                     16PLAN
FULL                                      4 PDB                                       1                7575

迁移Non-CDB资源计划

如果插入的non-CDB有资源计划，插入时会做转换，之前的资源计划会保留在DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES中，其STATUS为LEGACY

执行 DATABASE REPLAY

你可将之前多个non-CDB的负载在多租户环境下重放，以评估整合的效果。

捕捉源数据库负载

大致步骤为：

1. 捕捉non-CDB或PDB的工作负载，一般为8-24小时，也就是1天
2. 导出数据库AWR快照（可选）
3. 恢复数据库到目标平台
4. 修改导入的数据库，如升级到12c
5. 将负载文件拷贝到目标平台
6. 预先理工作负载（一次性）
7. 对于其它备选数据库，重复1-6，捕捉的时段最好保持一致
8. 配置目标平台用于重放
9. 在目标平台重放所有PDB的工作负载

处理目标平台的工作负载

目标CDB的工作负载重放: Consolidated Replay

重放时，需要重新映射数据库连接，需要定义重放日程。由于需要多次测试，可利用闪回和时间点恢复保存和恢复到测试前状态。同时和生产库一样，也需要抓取AWR快照。

2020年1月4日13：54（完）

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