OCA/OCP Oracle 数据库12c考试指南读书笔记:第32章:Creating and Managing Multitenant Container and PDB

本文主要是介绍OCA/OCP Oracle 数据库12c考试指南读书笔记:第32章:Creating and Managing Multitenant Container and PDB,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!

创建容器数据库

最方便方法是DBCA。
在创建时必须设定实例参数ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE=TRUE

使用DBCA创建CDB

当然DBCA也可以创建non-CDB。
GUI不说了,下面是命令行示例,参见这里:

## CDB with 1 PDB
$ dbca -silent -createDatabase \-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \-gdbname ORCLCDB1 -sid ORCLCDB1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \-characterSet AL32UTF8 \-sysPassword Welcome1 \-systemPassword Welcome1\-createAsContainerDatabase true \-numberOfPDBs 1 \-pdbName orclpdb \-pdbAdminPassword Welcome1 \-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \-automaticMemoryManagement false \-totalMemory 1536 \-storageType FS \-datafileDestination "/opt/oracle/oradata" \-redoLogFileSize 50 \-emConfiguration NONE \-ignorePreReqs## non-CDB
$ dbca -silent -createDatabase \-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \-gdbname ORCLCDB1 -sid ORCLCDB1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \-characterSet AL32UTF8 \-sysPassword Welcome1 \-systemPassword Welcome1\-createAsContainerDatabase false \-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \-automaticMemoryManagement false \-totalMemory 1536 \-storageType FS \-datafileDestination "/opt/oracle/oradata" \-redoLogFileSize 50 \-emConfiguration NONE \-ignorePreReqs

此命令在我笔记本上耗时20m2.815s, non-CDB耗时10m17.134s

删除使用以下,删除时数据库必须打开:

dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB ORCLCDB1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword Welcome1

dbca的帮助:

$ dbca -createDatabase -h

使用SQL*Plus创建CDB

CDB与non-CDB内存与物理结构均不同。设置实例参数ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE为TRUE设置了内存结构,CREATE DATABASE命令中包括ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 设置了物理结构。
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST可指定数据文件的位置。PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT可设定文件名转换规则。
示例:

# $ORACLE_HOME/dbs下创建参数文件initORCLCDB2.ora
control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/control.ctl'
db_name=ORCLCDB2
memory_target=1g
enable_pluggable_database=true$ export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB2
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup nomount$ mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2
$ mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata/seed# 下面这个命令执行很快结束
SQL>
create database ORCLCDB2logfilegroup 1 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/redo1a.log') size 50m,group 2 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/redo2a.log') size 50mdatafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/system01.dbf' size 500msysaux datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/sysaux01.dbf' size 500mdefault temporary tablespace temptempfile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/temp01.dbf' size 100mundo tablespace undotbs datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB2/undotbs01.dbf' size 100menable pluggable databaseseed file_name_convert = ('ORCLCDB2', 'seed');# 创建数据字典和PL/SQL Package,执行时间较长, 3m41.736s和45m38.082s
$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -b catalog $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -b catproc $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql# 验证 
select name, cdb from v$database;
select name, con_id, open_mode from v$containers;
select con_id, name from v$datafile;
select con_id, name from v$tempfile;
select * from v$controlfile;
select con_id, member from v$logfile;
select sys_context('userenv', 'con_name') from dual;
show con_name;## 删除
shutdown immediate;
startup mount exclusive restrict;
drop database;

创建PDB

有4中方法。

使用PDB$SEED创建新PDB

主要需考虑数据文件路径,可以使用OMF或指定PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT。

alter system set db_create_file_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata';
create pluggable database orclpdb2 admin user pdbadmin identified by Welcome1;
select con_id, name, open_mode from v$pdbs; -- open_mode=mounted
select con_id, name, open_mode from v$containers;
select con_id, pdb_id, pdb_name, status from cdb_pdbs; -- status=new
select con_id, file_name from cdb_data_files;
select con_id, name from v$datafile;alter pluggable database orclpdb2 open;
select con_id, name, open_mode from v$containers; -- open_mode=READ WRITE
select con_id, pdb_id, pdb_name, status from cdb_pdbs; -- status=normal

新的PDB会创建默认的服务名并在监听中注册。

$ lsnrctl status
...
Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

删除数据库:

alter pluggable database orclpdb2 close;
drop pluggable database orclpdb2 including datafiles;

克隆已有PDB以创建新PDB

alter system set db_create_file_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata';
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open read only;
create pluggable database orclpdb1_clone from orclpdb1 storage unlimited file_name_convert=NONE;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open read write;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1_clone open read write;

将Non-CDB插入到CDB

Non-CDB必须是12c。假设non-CDB为ORCLCDB1,插入到ORCLCDB中的orclpdb2:

export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB1
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount
alter database open read only;
exec dbms_pdb.describe('/tmp/ORCL.xml');
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
sqlplus / as sysdba
create pluggable database orclpdb2 using '/tmp/ORCL.xml';
alter session set container=orclpdb2;
alter database open;
-- 删除在多租户环境中不必要的元数据,并重新编译,执行时间很长
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
alter database open;

此方法无需额外空间,仍使用之前的数据文件。

将拔出的PDB插入到CDB

是宕机时间最少的升级方法。

 create pluggable database orclpdb1 using '/tmp/orclpdb1.xml' nocopy;alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open read write;

拔出并删除PDB

拔出:

 alter pluggable database orclpdb1 close;alter pluggable database oraclpdb1 unplug into '/tmp/orclpdb1.xml';

删除:

 alter pluggable database orclpdb2 close;drop pluggable database orclpdb1 including datafiles;

迁移12.1版本之前的NON-CDB到CDB

指10g或11g数据库。或者升级,或者使用Data Pump。前者无需额外空间,后者更加灵活,可跨平台,可以实现文件系统到ASM转换,可保留两份环境,确认兼容后再删除老的环境,但迁移时间长。

建立到CDB和PDB的连接

可使用OS认证或easy connect或通过服务,每一个新建、克隆或插入的PDB都会建立一个服务名,或者你可以用DBMS_SERVICE包和srvctl实用程序创建服务。

理解CDB和PDB服务名

CDB中的每一个容器(除PDB$SEED)都有自己的服务名,CDB默认的服务名是CDB名字加上域名。

$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 02-JAN-2020 20:29:46Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                02-JAN-2020 20:01:41
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 28 min. 4 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle-19c-vagrant/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracle-19c-vagrant)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "9b23d6499799073be0530100007f6a6f" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "9b24e21f078450cde0530100007fb288" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDB1" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDB1XDB" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

为CDB和PDB创建服务

如果安装并配置了GI,启用Oracle Restart或Oracle RAC:

 srvctl add service -db orclcdb -service orclpdb1_extra -pdb orclpdb1srvctl start service -db orclcdb -service orclpdb1_extralsnrctl status

如果没有安装GI,则必须先连接到PDB:

alter session set container=orclpdb1;begindbms_service.create_service(service_name => 'orclpdb1_int',network_name => 'orclpdb1_ext');dbms_service.start_service(service_name => 'orclpdb1_int');end;/

查看服务,注意输出中显示的是orclpdb1_ext

$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 02-JAN-2020 20:39:09Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                02-JAN-2020 20:01:41
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 37 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle-19c-vagrant/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracle-19c-vagrant)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
...
Service "orclpdb1_ext" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
...

使用easy connect连接:

$ sqlplus sys/Welcome1@localhost:1521/orclpdb1_ext as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jan 2 20:42:26 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME
------------------------------
ORCLPDB1

在CDB中切换连接

必须有SET CONTAINER权限。

alter session set container=orclpdb1;
alter session set container=cdb$root;
show con_name;

如果有未提交事务,切换连接时并不会自动提交。

启停CDB以及开闭PDB

在RAC环境下,CDB在每节点只有一个实例,PDB可以在这些实例间切换。
CDB的启停会带动其中PDB的启停。

启动CDB 实例

CDB的5状态:

  1. shutdown (shutdown immediate)
  2. nomount (实例启动,startup nomount)
  3. mount (CDB controlfile打开,cdb$root和pdb mount, alter database mount)
  4. open (cdb$root open, pdb的状态取决于save state, alter database open)
  5. pdb open (alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open)

开闭PDB

可以打开所有或部分PDB,或排除某些PDB。

使用 ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令
alter pluggable database all open;
alter pluggable database orclpdb2 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb2 open read only;
alter pluggable database orclpdb2 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb2 open read write;
alter session set container=orclpdb2;
alter pluggable database close;
alter pluggable database open read write;
选择性开闭PDB
alter pluggable database all except orclpdb1 close;
alter pluggable database all except orclpdb1 open;
alter pluggable database all close;
alter pluggable database all open;

在PDB中,也可以使用shutdown命令,等同于close。

CDB实例shutdown

shutdown immediate

PDB自动启动

保存其状态(12.1.0.2后支持):

alter pluggable database orclpdb2 open read write;
alter pluggable database orclpdb2 save state;

老的,不建议的方法是使用触发器:

create trigger open_devafter startup on database
beginexecute immediate 'alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open';
end;
/

改变PDB状态

-- 进入维护模式
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open restricted;
-- 退出维护模式
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 close;
alter pluggable database orclpdb1 open;

维护模式下,可修改PDB名字,修改默认表空间,将数据文件离线等。

评估参数改变的影响

通常情况下,PDB会继承CDB的参数,不过也有少数参数可在PDB一级修改。

理解参数改变的范围

V$PARAMETER中的ISPDB_MODIFIABLE决定了参数是否可在PDB一级修改。

select name from V$PARAMETER where ISPDB_MODIFIABLE='TRUE';

PDB_SPFILE$显示PDB一级参数的非默认值。

SQL> select db_uniq_name,pdb_uid, name, value$ from PDB_SPFILE$;DB_UNIQ_NAME    PDB_UID NAME                           VALUE$
------------ ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
*             991076965 sga_target                     1207959552
*             991076965 open_cursors                   300
*             991076965 nls_language                   'AMERICAN'
*             991076965 nls_territory                  'AMERICA'
*             991076965 pga_aggregate_target           402653184

多租户环境下使用ALTER SYSTEM

根据上下文,alter system可能影响整个CDB或只影响当前PDB。或有时只能在cdb$root中执行。
以下命令只影响当前PDB:

ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
ALTER SYSTEM SET <parameter>

ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT可在PDB中运行,但影响整个CDB。
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE只能在根容器中执行。

这篇关于OCA/OCP Oracle 数据库12c考试指南读书笔记:第32章:Creating and Managing Multitenant Container and PDB的文章就介绍到这儿,希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助!



http://www.chinasem.cn/article/677589

相关文章

Java通过驱动包(jar包)连接MySQL数据库的步骤总结及验证方式

《Java通过驱动包(jar包)连接MySQL数据库的步骤总结及验证方式》本文详细介绍如何使用Java通过JDBC连接MySQL数据库,包括下载驱动、配置Eclipse环境、检测数据库连接等关键步骤,... 目录一、下载驱动包二、放jar包三、检测数据库连接JavaJava 如何使用 JDBC 连接 mys

MySQL数据库中ENUM的用法是什么详解

《MySQL数据库中ENUM的用法是什么详解》ENUM是一个字符串对象,用于指定一组预定义的值,并可在创建表时使用,下面:本文主要介绍MySQL数据库中ENUM的用法是什么的相关资料,文中通过代码... 目录mysql 中 ENUM 的用法一、ENUM 的定义与语法二、ENUM 的特点三、ENUM 的用法1

Java中调用数据库存储过程的示例代码

《Java中调用数据库存储过程的示例代码》本文介绍Java通过JDBC调用数据库存储过程的方法,涵盖参数类型、执行步骤及数据库差异,需注意异常处理与资源管理,以优化性能并实现复杂业务逻辑,感兴趣的朋友... 目录一、存储过程概述二、Java调用存储过程的基本javascript步骤三、Java调用存储过程示

Go语言数据库编程GORM 的基本使用详解

《Go语言数据库编程GORM的基本使用详解》GORM是Go语言流行的ORM框架,封装database/sql,支持自动迁移、关联、事务等,提供CRUD、条件查询、钩子函数、日志等功能,简化数据库操作... 目录一、安装与初始化1. 安装 GORM 及数据库驱动2. 建立数据库连接二、定义模型结构体三、自动迁

嵌入式数据库SQLite 3配置使用讲解

《嵌入式数据库SQLite3配置使用讲解》本文强调嵌入式项目中SQLite3数据库的重要性,因其零配置、轻量级、跨平台及事务处理特性,可保障数据溯源与责任明确,详细讲解安装配置、基础语法及SQLit... 目录0、惨痛教训1、SQLite3环境配置(1)、下载安装SQLite库(2)、解压下载的文件(3)、

MySQL数据库的内嵌函数和联合查询实例代码

《MySQL数据库的内嵌函数和联合查询实例代码》联合查询是一种将多个查询结果组合在一起的方法,通常使用UNION、UNIONALL、INTERSECT和EXCEPT关键字,下面:本文主要介绍MyS... 目录一.数据库的内嵌函数1.1聚合函数COUNT([DISTINCT] expr)SUM([DISTIN

MySQL追踪数据库表更新操作来源的全面指南

《MySQL追踪数据库表更新操作来源的全面指南》本文将以一个具体问题为例,如何监测哪个IP来源对数据库表statistics_test进行了UPDATE操作,文内探讨了多种方法,并提供了详细的代码... 目录引言1. 为什么需要监控数据库更新操作2. 方法1:启用数据库审计日志(1)mysql/mariad

postgresql数据库基本操作及命令详解

《postgresql数据库基本操作及命令详解》本文介绍了PostgreSQL数据库的基础操作,包括连接、创建、查看数据库,表的增删改查、索引管理、备份恢复及退出命令,适用于数据库管理和开发实践,感兴... 目录1. 连接 PostgreSQL 数据库2. 创建数据库3. 查看当前数据库4. 查看所有数据库

从入门到精通MySQL 数据库索引(实战案例)

《从入门到精通MySQL数据库索引(实战案例)》索引是数据库的目录,提升查询速度,主要类型包括BTree、Hash、全文、空间索引,需根据场景选择,建议用于高频查询、关联字段、排序等,避免重复率高或... 目录一、索引是什么?能干嘛?核心作用:二、索引的 4 种主要类型(附通俗例子)1. BTree 索引(

Oracle 数据库数据操作如何精通 INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

《Oracle数据库数据操作如何精通INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE》在Oracle数据库中,对表内数据进行增加、修改和删除操作是通过数据操作语言来完成的,下面给大家介绍Oracle数... 目录思维导图一、插入数据 (INSERT)1.1 插入单行数据,指定所有列的值语法:1.2 插入单行数据,指