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不喜欢看下面内容的tx可以直接下载源代码;http://download.csdn.net/detail/sohu_2011/9551472代码中的ca.p12放到与exe相同目录下,并且应该是自己生产的;
总结:
两个关键点:
1 win下如何加载fpx格式的客户端认证证书,并用于https认证
2 如何通过winhttp进行SSL certificate
主要内容:
一 加载fpx格式证书
windows系统中,我了解的是只能安装pfx格式的客户端证书,如果是pem格式的,可以通过openssl命令转化为fpx格式;
所以,通过windows api只能加载pfx格式的证书;同样比较奇葩的是windows api只能从CertStore中选择证书;没有直接
加载pfx文件的api,所以,要加载证书需要绕个弯:
1 从pfx文件读取数据,填充CRYPT_DATA_BLOB数据结构;
2 根据CRYPT_DATA_BLOB数据结构,通过PFXImportCertStore创建临时的CertStore
3 枚举临时CertStore中的证书,一个个尝试,看看是不是想要的证书
代码如下:
//load and set ca
TCHAR szPath[256] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, 255);
(_tcsrchr(szPath, _T('\\')))[1] = 0;
CString strFile(szPath);
strFile.Append(_T("ca.p12"));
CFile file;
if(!file.Open(strFile, CFile::modeRead))
{
_tprintf(_T("Open ca file error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());
goto END;
}
std::vector<unsigned char> clientPfx(file.GetLength(), 0);
file.Read(&clientPfx[0], file.GetLength());
file.Close();
// Convert a .pfx or .p12 file image to a Certificate store
CRYPT_DATA_BLOB PFX;
PFX.pbData= (BYTE *)&clientPfx[0];
PFX.cbData= clientPfx.size();
HCERTSTORE pfxStore= ::PFXImportCertStore( &PFX, pszPassWord, 0 );
if ( NULL == pfxStore )
{
_tprintf(_T("PFXImportCertStore error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());
goto END;
}
// Extract the certificate from the store and pass it to WinHttp
PCCERT_CONTEXT pcontext= NULL, clientCertContext = NULL;
while ( pcontext = ::CertEnumCertificatesInStore( pfxStore, pcontext ) ){
clientCertContext= ::CertDuplicateCertificateContext( pcontext ); // CertEnumCertificatesInStore frees its passed in pcontext !
BOOL stat= ::WinHttpSetOption( hRequest, WINHTTP_OPTION_CLIENT_CERT_CONTEXT, (LPVOID)clientCertContext, sizeof(CERT_CONTEXT) );
if ( FALSE == stat )
{
_tprintf(_T("WinHttpSetOption error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());
CertCloseStore(pfxStore,0);
CertFreeCertificateContext(clientCertContext);
goto END;
}
else
{
break;//success
}
}
CertCloseStore(pfxStore,0);
CertFreeCertificateContext(clientCertContext);
hRequest是通过WinHttpOpenRequest返回的句柄,注意这是个句柄,意味着所有与server端交互的任何设定都可以通过它进行,比如添加http头部选项,
也包括设定CertContext;window编程就是什么都通过句柄来,句柄下面有一堆东西,同时也一定存在一系列api还设定这堆东西,例如WinHttpSetOption( hRequest,...)之流;
上面的设定好之后,下面就是与server交互了;
二 与server进行ssl通信
上面有个hRequest,意味着request已经有了,下面就是发送这个request,通过WinHttpSendRequest;
主要代码如下:
// Certain circumstances dictate that we may need to loop on WinHttpSendRequest
// hence the do/while
bool retry = false;
int result = NO_ERROR;
do
{
retry = false;
result = NO_ERROR;
// no retry on success, possible retry on failure
if(WinHttpSendRequest(
hRequest,
WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS,
0,
0,
0,
0,
NULL
) == FALSE)
{
result = GetLastError();
// (1) If you want to allow SSL certificate errors and continue
// with the connection, you must allow and initial failure and then
// reset the security flags. From: "HOWTO: Handle Invalid Certificate
// Authority Error with WinInet"
// http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;182888
if(result == ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_FAILURE)
{
DWORD dwFlags =
SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CA |
SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_WRONG_USAGE |
SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID |
SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_DATE_INVALID;
if(WinHttpSetOption(
hRequest,
WINHTTP_OPTION_SECURITY_FLAGS,
&dwFlags,
sizeof(dwFlags)))
{
retry = true;
}
}
// (2) Negotiate authorization handshakes may return this error
// and require multiple attempts
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa383144%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
else if(result == ERROR_WINHTTP_RESEND_REQUEST)
{
retry = true;
}
}
else
{
bResults = TRUE;
}
} while(retry);
}
为什么要重试,因为如果server端的证书不是CA机构颁发的,WinHttpSendRequest会返回错误,这时候就需要WinHttpSetOption设定来忽略这些错误;
然后重新WinHttpSendRequest;
源码:
// TODO: code your application's behavior here.LPCTSTR pszHost = _T("www.myweb.net");LPCTSTR pszPort =_T("9999");LPCTSTR fileURL = _T("/BookFileSource/book file.xml");LPCTSTR pszPassWord = _T("testpassword");DWORD dwSize = 0;DWORD dwDownloaded = 0;LPSTR pszOutBuffer;BOOL bResults = FALSE;HINTERNET hSession = NULL, hConnect = NULL, hRequest = NULL;LPCTSTR szAcceptTypes[] = {_T("text/*"),NULL};// Use WinHttpOpen to obtain a session handle.hSession = WinHttpOpen( L"WinHTTP/1.0", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY,WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0 );if(!hSession) _tprintf(_T("WinHttpOpen error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());// Specify an HTTP server.if( hSession )hConnect = WinHttpConnect( hSession, pszHost,_ttoi(pszPort), 0 );if(!hConnect) _tprintf(_T("WinHttpConnect error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());// Create an HTTP request handle.if( hConnect )hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest( hConnect, L"GET", fileURL,NULL, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER, szAcceptTypes, WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE);if(!hRequest) _tprintf(_T("WinHttpOpenRequest error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());if(hRequest){ //load and set caTCHAR szPath[256] = {0};::GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, 255);(_tcsrchr(szPath, _T('\\')))[1] = 0; CString strFile(szPath);strFile.Append(_T("ca.p12"));CFile file;if(!file.Open(strFile, CFile::modeRead)) { _tprintf(_T("Open ca file error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());goto END;}std::vector<unsigned char> clientPfx(file.GetLength(), 0);file.Read(&clientPfx[0], file.GetLength());file.Close();// Convert a .pfx or .p12 file image to a Certificate storeCRYPT_DATA_BLOB PFX;PFX.pbData= (BYTE *)&clientPfx[0];PFX.cbData= clientPfx.size();HCERTSTORE pfxStore= ::PFXImportCertStore( &PFX, pszPassWord, 0 );if ( NULL == pfxStore ){_tprintf(_T("PFXImportCertStore error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());goto END;}// Extract the certificate from the store and pass it to WinHttpPCCERT_CONTEXT pcontext= NULL, clientCertContext = NULL;while ( pcontext = ::CertEnumCertificatesInStore( pfxStore, pcontext ) ){clientCertContext= ::CertDuplicateCertificateContext( pcontext ); // CertEnumCertificatesInStore frees its passed in pcontext !BOOL stat= ::WinHttpSetOption( hRequest, WINHTTP_OPTION_CLIENT_CERT_CONTEXT, (LPVOID)clientCertContext, sizeof(CERT_CONTEXT) ); if ( FALSE == stat ) {_tprintf(_T("WinHttpSetOption error %d\n"), ::GetLastError());CertCloseStore(pfxStore,0);CertFreeCertificateContext(clientCertContext);goto END;}else{break;//success}}CertCloseStore(pfxStore,0);CertFreeCertificateContext(clientCertContext);// Certain circumstances dictate that we may need to loop on WinHttpSendRequest// hence the do/whilebool retry = false;int result = NO_ERROR;do{retry = false;result = NO_ERROR;// no retry on success, possible retry on failureif(WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest,WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS,0,0,0,0,NULL) == FALSE){result = GetLastError();// (1) If you want to allow SSL certificate errors and continue// with the connection, you must allow and initial failure and then// reset the security flags. From: "HOWTO: Handle Invalid Certificate// Authority Error with WinInet"// http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;182888if(result == ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_FAILURE){DWORD dwFlags =SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CA |SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_WRONG_USAGE |SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_CN_INVALID |SECURITY_FLAG_IGNORE_CERT_DATE_INVALID;if(WinHttpSetOption(hRequest,WINHTTP_OPTION_SECURITY_FLAGS,&dwFlags,sizeof(dwFlags))){retry = true;}}// (2) Negotiate authorization handshakes may return this error// and require multiple attempts// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa383144%28v=vs.85%29.aspxelse if(result == ERROR_WINHTTP_RESEND_REQUEST){retry = true;}}else{bResults = TRUE;}} while(retry);}// End the request.if( bResults )bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse( hRequest, NULL );// Keep checking for data until there is nothing left.if( bResults ){do {// Check for available data.dwSize = 0;if( !WinHttpQueryDataAvailable( hRequest, &dwSize ) ){TRACE( "Error %u in WinHttpQueryDataAvailable.\n",GetLastError( ) );}// Allocate space for the buffer.pszOutBuffer = new char[dwSize+1];if( !pszOutBuffer ){TRACE( "Out of memory\n" );dwSize=0;}else{// Read the data.ZeroMemory( pszOutBuffer, dwSize+1 );if( !WinHttpReadData( hRequest, (LPVOID)pszOutBuffer, dwSize, &dwDownloaded ) )TRACE( "Error %u in WinHttpReadData.\n", GetLastError( ) );elseTRACE( "%s", pszOutBuffer );// Free the memory allocated to the buffer.delete [] pszOutBuffer;}} while( dwSize > 0 );}// Report any errors.if( !bResults )TRACE( "Error %d has occurred.\n", GetLastError( ) );WinHttpSetStatusCallback( hSession,NULL,WINHTTP_CALLBACK_FLAG_ALL_NOTIFICATIONS,NULL );
END:// Close any open handles.if( hRequest ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hRequest );if( hConnect ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hConnect );if( hSession ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hSession );
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