Minikube安装成功Kubernetes,一次过！

介绍

Minikube 是 K8S 官方为了开发者能在个人电脑上运行 K8S 而提供的一套工具。实现上是通过 Go 语言编写，通过调用虚拟化管理程序，创建出一个运行在虚拟机内的单节点集群。

注：从这里也可以看出，对于 K8S 集群的基本功能而言，节点数并没有什么限制。只有一个节点同样可以创建集群。

大家在实际开发和体验 Kubernetes时，可能会遇到网络访问的原因或者其他的坑导致很多朋友无法使用minikube进行实验。因此我通过撰写这篇博客，让大家少走一点弯路。阿里云提供了一个修改版的Minikube,可以从阿里云的镜像地址来获取Docker镜像和配置。

坑位盘点

1. unable to cache ISO: connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.

   终端报错信息:

   minikube starto   minikube v0.35.0 on windows (amd64)
   >   Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
   @   Downloading Minikube ISO ...
   !   Unable to start VM: unable to cache ISO: https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: failed to download: failed to download to temp file: download failed: 5 error(s) occurred
   :* Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.

   报错原因: 由于无法从外网下载Minikube ISO出现如上报错。

   解决办法: 修改镜像地址为国内资源，解决网络错误。

2. Minikube doesn't run on VirtualBox

   终端报错信息:

   minikube start? minikube v1.0.1 on linux (amd64) ? Downloading Kubernetes v1.14.1 images in the background ... ? Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...? Unable to start VM: create: creating: Unable to start the VM: /usr/bin/VBoxManage startvm minikube --type headless failed: VBoxManage: error: The virtual machine 'minikube' has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 1 (0x1) VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component MachineWrap, interface IMachine? Sorry that minikube crashed. If this was unexpected, we would love to hear from you: ? https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/new

   报错原因: VT-x/AMD-v虚拟化在所有CPU中被禁用。

   解决方法: VT-x/AMD-v虚拟化必须在BIOS中开启。

   参考文档: https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fc07f98976710e12ffe519de.html

3. [MACHINE_DOES_NOT_EXST] Error getting state for host: machine does not exist

   终端报错信息

   [sudo] james 的密码： 
   ?  minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
   ⚠️  Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary.
   ✅  using image repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
   ?  Tip: Use 'minikube start -p <name>' to create a new cluster, or 'minikube delete' to delete this one.
   E0722 14:57:51.637843    5215 start.go:559] StartHost: Error getting state for host: machine does not exist?  Unable to start VM
   ❌  Error:         [MACHINE_DOES_NOT_EXST] Error getting state for host: machine does not exist
   ?  Advice:        Run 'minikube delete' to delete the stale VM
   ⁉️   Related issues:▪ https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3864?  If the above advice does not help, please let us know: 
   ?  https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/new
   

   报错原因: 已经被使用过VM

   解决办法: minikute delete

注：

• 本文已更新到 Minikube v1.2.0/Kubernetes v1.15+

• 如需更新minikube，需要更新 minikube 安装包

  • minikube delete 删除现有虚机，删除 ~/.minikube 目录缓存的文件
  • 重新创建 minikube 环境

• Docker社区版也为Mac/Windows用户提供了Kubernetes开发环境的支持 https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/508460，大家也可以试用

配置

先决条件

• 安装 kubectl

Minikube在不同操作系统上支持不同的驱动

• macOS
  • xhyve driver, VirtualBox 或 VMware Fusion
• Linux
  • VirtualBox 或 KVM
  • NOTE: Minikube 也支持 --vm-driver=none 选项来在本机运行 Kubernetes 组件，这时候需要本机安装了 Docker。在使用 0.27版本之前的 none 驱动时，在执行 minikube delete 命令时，会移除 /data 目录，请注意，问题说明；另外 none 驱动会运行一个不安全的API Server，会导致安全隐患，不建议在个人工作环境安装。
• Windows
  • VirtualBox 或 Hyper-V - 请参考下文

注：

• 由于minikube复用了docker-machine，在其软件包中已经支持了相应的VirtualBox, VMware Fusion驱动
• VT-x/AMD-v 虚拟化必须在 BIOS 中开启
• 在Windows环境下，如果开启了Hyper-V，不支持VirtualBox方式

Kubernetes 1.14+ release

我们提供了最新的Minikube修改版的文件，可以直接下载使用

Mac OSX

curl -Lo minikube http://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.2.0/minikube-darwin-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

Linux

curl -Lo minikube http://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.2.0/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

Windows

下载 minikube-windows-amd64.exe 文件，并重命名为 minikube.exe

自己构建

也可以从Github上获取相应的项目自行构建。

注：需要本地已经安装配置好 Golang 开发环境和Docker引擎

git clone https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube
cd minikube
git checkout aliyun-v1.2.0
make
sudo cp out/minikube /usr/local/bin/

启动

缺省Minikube使用VirtualBox驱动来创建Kubernetes本地环境

minikube start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com?  minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
⚠️  Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary.
✅  using image repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
?  Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
?  Configuring environment for Kubernetes v1.15.0 on Docker 18.09.6
?  Pulling images ...
?  Launching Kubernetes ... 
⌛  Verifying: apiserver proxy etcd scheduler controller dns
?  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"

支持不同的Kubernetes版本

# 安装Kubernetes v1.12.1
minikube start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --kubernetes-version v1.12.1

打开Kubernetes控制台

minikube dashboard

对于使用Hyper-V环境的用户，首先应该打开Hyper-V管理器创建一个外部虚拟交换机，

之后，我们可以用如下命令来创建基于Hyper-V的Kubernetes测试环境

.\minikube.exe start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --vm-driver="hyperv" --memory=4096 --hyperv-virtual-switch="MinikubeSwitch"

注：需要管理员权限来创建Hyper-V虚拟机

Minikube基本操作

检测集群状态，运行:

 kubectl cluster-infoKubernetes master is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxyTo further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Ubuntu下，Minikube的配置文件在如下路径

~/.minikube/machines/minikube/config.json

查看配置文件内容:

kubectl config viewapiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:certificate-authority: /home/james/.minikube/ca.crtserver: https://192.168.99.100:8443name: minikube
contexts:
- context:cluster: minikubeuser: minikubename: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikubeuser:client-certificate: /home/james/.minikube/client.crtclient-key: /home/james/.minikube/client.key

检验Node状态:

kubectl get nodesNAME       STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
minikube   Ready    master   11m   v1.15.0

使用ssh进入Minikube虚机:

sudo minikube ssh

                         _             _            _         _ ( )           ( )           ___ ___  (_)  ___  (_)| |/')  _   _ | |_      __  
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , <  ( ) ( )| '_`\  /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )(  ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)$ 

停止运行中的kubernetes集群:

$ minikube stop

删除本地的kubernetes集群:

$ minikube delete

打开Kubernetes控制台

Kubernete附带一个web，允许您在不与命令行交互的情况下管理集群。在minikube上默认安装并启用仪表板插件

$ minikube addons list- addon-manager: enabled
- coredns: disabled
- dashboard: enabled
- default-storageclass: enabled
- efk: disabled
- freshpod: disabled
- heapster: disabled
- ingress: disabled
- kube-dns: enabled
- metrics-server: disabled
- registry: disabled
- registry-creds: disabled
- storage-provisioner: enabled

要直接在默认浏览器上打开，请使用:

$ minikube dashboard

获取仪表板的URL

$ minikube dashboard --url
http://192.168.39.117:30000

通过打开您最喜欢的浏览器上的URL访问Kubernetes Dashboard。进一步阅读，请查看:

• 你好Minikube系列: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/hello-minikube/

• minkube新手指南: https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/minikube/

使用Minikube

Minikube利用本地虚拟机环境部署Kubernetes，其基本架构如下图所示。

用户使用Minikube CLI管理虚拟机上的Kubernetes环境，比如：启动，停止，删除，获取状态等。一旦Minikube虚拟机启动，用户就可以使用熟悉的Kubectl CLI在Kubernetes集群上执行操作。

好了，开始探索Kubernetes的世界吧！:-)

参考连接:

• https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-minikube-on-ubuntu-18-04/
• https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
• https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3922
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55988282/minikube-doesnt-run-on-virtualbox
• https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube/releases
• https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/221687
• https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fc07f98976710e12ffe519de.html
• https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors
• https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3864