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/*
构造一个分数类Fraction,该类中包括分子和分母两个成员数据，并具有下述功能：
(1) 建立构造函数，它能防止分母为零，当分数不是最简形式时进行约分，并避免分母为负数。
(2) 重载加法、减法、乘法以及除法运算符。
(3) 重载关系运算符：>、>=、<、<=、==、!=
(4) 重载插入">>"和提取"<<"运算符
(5) 重载自加"++"和自减"--"运算符
*/
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
class Fraction
{
private:int numerator; //分子 int denominator; //分母public:Fraction(int n=1,int d=1) //形参n为分子赋值，形参d为分母赋值{ if(d==0) // 如果分母为0，显示错误信息,退出程序{cout<<"error!,the denominator is not equal to 0!"<<endl<<"exit program......"<<endl; exit(1); //退出程序}else if(d<0) // 如果分母为负，进行转换，分子分母同时乘以-1，得到分母为正，分子为相反数{ n=(-1)*n;d=(-1)*d;}numerator=n;denominator=d;}void simple() //对原始分数进行化简，在不是最简形式时进行约分{int k;k=numerator<denominator?numerator:denominator;for(int i=2;i<=k;i++){ while(( numerator%i==0)&&(denominator%i==0)) //分子分母如果同时是i的倍数时，进行化简{ numerator= numerator/i;denominator=denominator/i;}}}void disp() //分数显示{ if(numerator==0){cout<<"0"<<endl;return;}else if (numerator==denominator) {cout<<"1"<<endl;return;}cout<<numerator<<"/"<<denominator<<endl;}void set_numerator() //输入分子{cin>>numerator;}int get_numerator() //获取分子{return numerator;}void set_denominator() //输入分母{int d;cin>>d;if(d!=0)denominator=d;else{cout<<"error!,the denominator is not equal to 0!"<<endl<<"exit program......"<<endl; exit(1); //退出程序}}int get_denominator() //获取分母{return denominator;}Fraction operator ++(); //成员函数进行"++"运算符重载，作为前置运算符Fraction operator ++(int); //成员函数进行"++"运算符重载，作为后置运算符Fraction operator --(); //成员函数进行"--"运算符重载，作为前置运算符Fraction operator --(int); //成员函数进行"--"运算符重载，作为前置运算符friend Fraction operator +(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"+"运算符重载，进行分数相加friend Fraction operator -(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"-"运算符重载，进行分数相减friend Fraction operator *(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"*"运算符重载，进行分数相乘friend Fraction operator /(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"+"运算符重载，进行分数相除friend Fraction operator -(Fraction a); //友元函数进行"-"运算符重载，进行分数求相反数friend int operator > (Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行">"运算符重载，进行分数比较friend int operator >=(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行">="运算符重载，进行分数比较friend int operator < (Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"<"运算符重载，进行分数比较friend int operator <=(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"<="运算符重载，进行分数比较friend bool operator ==(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"=="运算符重载，进行分数比较friend bool operator !=(Fraction a,Fraction b); //友元函数进行"!="运算符重载，进行分数比较friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & output,Fraction & f ); //友元函数进行"<<"运算符重载，进行分数类对象的输出friend istream & operator>>(istream & input,Fraction & f ); //友元函数进行">>"运算符重载，进行分数类对象的输入};Fraction Fraction::operator ++() //成员函数进行"++"运算符重载，作为前置运算符,返回的是已改变值之后的对象
{numerator=numerator+denominator;return (* this); //返回自加后的对象
}Fraction Fraction::operator ++(int) //成员函数进行"++"运算符重载，作为后置运算符，返回的是改变值之前的对象
{Fraction temp=(*this);numerator=numerator+denominator;return temp; //返回自加前的对象
}Fraction Fraction::operator --() //成员函数进行"--"运算符重载，作为前置运算符，返回的是已改变值之后的对象
{numerator=numerator-denominator;return (* this); //返回自减后的对象
}Fraction Fraction::operator --(int) //成员函数进行"--"运算符重载，作为前置运算符，返回的是改变值之前的对象
{Fraction temp=(*this);numerator=numerator-denominator;return temp; //返回自减前的对象
}Fraction operator + (Fraction a,Fraction b)
{ Fraction temp;temp.numerator=(a.numerator*b.denominator)+b.numerator*a.denominator;temp.denominator=a.denominator*b.denominator;temp.simple();return temp;
}Fraction operator -(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{ Fraction temp;temp.numerator=(a.numerator*b.denominator)-b.numerator*a.denominator;temp.denominator=a.denominator*b.denominator;temp.simple();return temp;
}Fraction operator -(Fraction a)
{ Fraction temp;temp.numerator=a.numerator*(-1);temp.denominator=a.denominator;temp.simple();return temp;
}Fraction operator *(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{ Fraction temp;temp.numerator=a.numerator*b.numerator;temp.denominator=a.denominator*b.denominator;temp.simple();return temp;
}
Fraction operator /(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{ Fraction temp;temp.numerator=a.numerator*b.denominator;temp.denominator=a.denominator*b.numerator;temp.simple();return temp;
}int operator >(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return (float)a.numerator/(float)a.denominator>(float)b.numerator/(float)b.denominator;}int operator >=(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return (float)a.numerator/(float)a.denominator>=(float)b.numerator/(float)b.denominator;}int operator <(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return (float)a.numerator/(float)a.denominator<(float)b.numerator/(float)b.denominator;}int operator <=(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return (float)a.numerator/(float)a.denominator<=(float)b.numerator/(float)b.denominator;}bool operator ==(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return a.numerator*b.denominator==b.numerator*a.denominator;}bool operator !=(Fraction a,Fraction b)
{return a.numerator*b.denominator!=b.numerator*a.denominator;}ostream & operator<<(ostream & output,Fraction & f )
{if(f.numerator==0){output<<"0"<<endl;return output;}else if (f.numerator==f.denominator) {output<<"1"<<endl;return output;}output<<f.numerator<<"/"<<f.denominator<<endl;return output;
}istream & operator>>(istream & input,Fraction & f )
{cout<<"input the numerator of fraction: "<<endl; input>>f.numerator;cout<<"input the denominator of fraction: "<<endl; input>>f.denominator;return input;
}int main ()
{Fraction p1(3,5),p2(12,16),p3; //定义Fraction类对象cout<<"p1=";p1.disp(); //显示p1的值p1.simple( ); //对p1进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p1=";p1.disp(); //显示p1的值cout<<"p2=";p2.disp(); //显示p2的值p2.simple( ); //对p2进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p2="; p2.disp(); //显示p2的值p3=p1+p2; //调用+运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的相加cout<<"p1+p2=";p3.disp();p3=p1-p2; //调用-运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的相减cout<<"p1-p2="; p3.disp();p3=p1*p2; //调用*运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的相乘cout<<"p1*p2=";p3.disp();p3=p1/p2; //调用/运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的相除cout<<"p1/p2=";p3.disp(); p3=-p1; //调用-运算符重载函数进行1个Fraction对象的求反cout<<"-p1=";p3.disp();if(p1==p2) //调用==运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的相等比较cout<<"p1=p2"<<endl;if(p1!=p2) //调用!=运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的不相等比较cout<<"p1!=p2"<<endl;if(p1>p2) //调用>运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的大于比较cout<<"p1>p2"<<endl;if(p1>=p2) //调用>=运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的大于等于比较cout<<"p1>=p2"<<endl;if(p1<p2) //调用<运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的小于比较cout<<"p1<p2"<<endl;if(p1<=p2) //调用<=运算符重载函数进行2个Fraction对象的小于等于比较cout<<"p1<=p2"<<endl;p3=p1++; //调用后自增运算符重载函数cout<<"p3=p1++"<<endl;cout<<"p1=";p1.disp();cout<<"p3=";p3.disp();p3=p1--; //调用后自减运算符重载函数cout<<"p3=p1--"<<endl;cout<<"p1=";p1.disp();cout<<"p3=";p3.disp();p3=++p2; //调用前自增运算符重载函数cout<<"p3=++p2"<<endl;cout<<"p2=";p2.disp();cout<<"p3=";p3.disp();p3=--p2; //调用前自减运算符重载函数cout<<"p3=--p2"<<endl;cout<<"p2=";p2.disp();cout<<"p3=";p3.disp();cout<<endl<<endl;//利用成员函数重新为分数类对象各个成员赋值cout<<"input the numerator and denominator of p1 :";p1.set_numerator(); //为p1的分子赋值p1.set_denominator(); //为p1的分母赋值cout<<"p1=";p1.disp(); //显示p1的值p1.simple(); //对p1进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p1="; p1.disp(); //显示p1的值cout<<"input the numerator and denominator of p2 :";p2.set_numerator(); //为p2的分子赋值p2.set_denominator(); //为p2的分母赋值cout<<"p2=";p2.disp(); //显示p2的值p2.simple(); //对p2进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p2=";p2.disp(); //显示p2的值 p3=p1+p2; cout<<"p1+p2=";p3.disp();p3=p1-p2;cout<<"p1-p2=";p3.disp();p3=p1*p2; cout<<"p1*p2=";p3.disp();p3=p1/p2; cout<<"p1/p2=";p3.disp();p3=-p1;cout<<"-p1=";p3.disp();if(p1==p2) cout<<"p1=p2"<<endl;if(p1!=p2) cout<<"p1!=p2"<<endl;if(p1>p2)cout<<"p1>p2"<<endl;if(p1>=p2)cout<<"p1>=p2"<<endl;if(p1<p2) cout<<"p1<p2"<<endl;if(p1<=p2) cout<<"p1<=p2"<<endl; cout<<endl<<endl;//通过<<和>>运算符重载进行Fraction类对象的输入和输出cout<<"input p1"<<endl;cin>>p1; //利用>>运算符重载函数进行p1对象的输入cout<<"p1="<<p1; //利用<<运算符重载函数进行p1对象的输出p1.simple(); //对p2进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p1="<<p1; //利用<<运算符重载函数进行p1对象的输出cout<<"input p2"<<endl;cin>>p2; //利用>>运算符重载函数进行p2对象的输入cout<<"p2="<<p2; //利用<<运算符重载函数进行p2对象的输出p2.simple(); //对p2进行化简cout<<"after simple"<<'\t';cout<<"p2="<<p2; //利用<<运算符重载函数进行p2对象的输出return 0;}
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