Activity组件之一Service--- startService

本文主要是介绍Activity组件之一Service--- startService，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

关于Activity的四大组件之一Service， 这里面有几样东西可以分析呢？

1. 关于Service的启动，根据不同的需求可以分为有两种：一种是通过调用StartService，另一种就是BindService。

    第一个话题，怎么去使用，然后这两种方法分别是怎么启动的，也就是说启动流程是怎么样的。（代码，UML图）

     有什么区别呢？

2. 关于这两种 不同的方式，Service处理完成事务之后 怎么销毁？

3. 关于Service的ANR会在什么时候产生呢？

4. Service是时候被加载进AMS的，也就是说我要去start一个Service的时候，系统是怎么知道有没有这个Service呢？

第一，关于Service的声明还有如何加载到AMS中。

1. 首先Service必须要在应用的AndroidManifest.xml中申明

<manifest ... >...<application ... ><service android:name=".ExampleService" />...</application>
</manifest>

2. PackageManagerService如何去解析呢？

    1) 当我们安装一个apk的时候，PMS会去解析新装的apk的package的一系列的信息。具体的过程需要debug查看代码，我们这里先指关注PackageParser.parsePackage()

    private Package parsePackage(Resources res, XmlResourceParser parser, int flags, String[] outError)throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {... ...while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT&& (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {if (tagName.equals("application")) {if (foundApp) {... ...foundApp = true;if (!parseApplication(pkg, res, parser, attrs, flags, outError)) {return null;}} else if (tagName.equals("permission")) {... ...} else if (tagName.equals("permission-tree")) {... ...} else if (tagName.equals("uses-permission")) {... ...}return pkg;}

    

    2) PackageParser.parseApplication()

        在parse Manifest中的Application的标签时，如果我们在里面声明了Service就会通过 owner.services.add(s);把这个service添加到对应package的services数组中，然后PMS会去遍历所有的packages中的service，通过mServices.addService(s);把它加到PMS中的mServices的数组中。这样我们的Service便在PMS中有了记录。

在PMS中一个Package就对应一个应用程序，里面记录着apk相关的所有东西，包括package的名字，进程名，里面的Activity，service，receive等等。

    private boolean parseApplication(Package owner, Resources res,XmlPullParser parser, AttributeSet attrs, int flags, String[] outError)throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT&& (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > innerDepth)) {if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {continue;}String tagName = parser.getName();if (tagName.equals("activity")) {... ...owner.activities.add(a);} else if (tagName.equals("receiver")) {... ...owner.receivers.add(a);} else if (tagName.equals("service")) {Service s = parseService(owner, res, parser, attrs, flags, outError);if (s == null) {mParseError = PackageManager.INSTALL_PARSE_FAILED_MANIFEST_MALFORMED;return false;}owner.services.add(s);

第二，通过StartService()去启动一个Service

1. ContextImpl.StartService(Intent service)

   StartService会直接去调用startServiceAsUser，而startServiceAsUser则会通过ActivityManagerNative通过binder去调用AMS的startService()

    @Overridepublic ComponentName startService(Intent service) {warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();return startServiceAsUser(service, mUser);}

    @Overridepublic ComponentName startServiceAsUser(Intent service, UserHandle user) {try {service.setAllowFds(false);ComponentName cn = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startService(mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service,service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()), user.getIdentifier());......return cn;} catch (RemoteException e) {return null;}}

2  AMS.startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType, int userId) 

    这个函数中caller就是一个binder对象，

                         servcie就是传过来的Intent

    public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,String resolvedType, int userId) {synchronized(this) {final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();checkValidCaller(callingUid, userId);final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();ComponentName res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, userId);Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);return res;}}

3. ActiveServices.startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType, int callingPid, int callingUid, int userId)

  1) 首先根据caller去查找出与之对应的ProcessRecord对象 callerApp.    

  2)  retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, userId, true);   // 

  3) bringUpServiceLocked(r, service.getFlags(), false)  // 

   ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller,Intent service, String resolvedType,int callingPid, int callingUid, int userId) {if (caller != null) {final ProcessRecord callerApp = mAm.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);}ServiceLookupResult res =retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType,callingPid, callingUid, userId, true);if (res == null) {return null;}... ...ServiceRecord r = res.record;NeededUriGrants neededGrants = mAm.checkGrantUriPermissionFromIntentLocked(callingUid, r.packageName, service, service.getFlags(), null);if (unscheduleServiceRestartLocked(r)) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "START SERVICE WHILE RESTART PENDING: " + r);}r.startRequested = true;r.callStart = false;r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),service, neededGrants));r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {r.stats.startRunningLocked();}String error = bringUpServiceLocked(r, service.getFlags(), false);if (error != null) {return new ComponentName("!!", error);}return r.name;}

3.1 ActiveServices.retrieveServiceLocked(Intent service, String resolvedType, int callingPid, int callingUid, int userId,  boolean createIfNeeded)

     1）先在mServiceMap中去查找是否它所在的进程里面已经有这个ServiceRecord了，如果有就直接取出来付给r.

           如果传递过来的service是指定类名的，那么service.getComponent()就不等于null，于是就通过mServiceMap.getServiceByName(service.getComponent(), userId); 去寻找.

         通过IntentFilter到userId对应的进程里面去查找是否已经有了。

     2）如果mServiceMap中还不存在就去new一个新的ServiceRecord

           首先会去通过AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveService（）(service, resolvedType, ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId) 到PMS里去查找是有符合Intent的已经在PMS加载过的Service的信息。这个函数会返回一个ResolveInfo。

          如果找到了对应的Service，就会new ServiceRecord(mAm, ss, name, filter, sInfo, res);并且把它放到mServiceMap说明当前已经有这个Service了，最后把找到的这个ServiceRecord封装到new ServiceLookupResult(r, null)中作为一个结果返回。

    private ServiceLookupResult retrieveServiceLocked(Intent service,String resolvedType, int callingPid, int callingUid, int userId,boolean createIfNeeded) {ServiceRecord r = null;if (service.getComponent() != null) {r = mServiceMap.getServiceByName(service.getComponent(), userId);}if (r == null) {Intent.FilterComparison filter = new Intent.FilterComparison(service);r = mServiceMap.getServiceByIntent(filter, userId);}if (r == null) {try {ResolveInfo rInfo =AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveService(service, resolvedType,ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS, userId);ServiceInfo sInfo =rInfo != null ? rInfo.serviceInfo : null;... ...ComponentName name = new ComponentName(sInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, sInfo.name);if (userId > 0) {if (mAm.isSingleton(sInfo.processName, sInfo.applicationInfo,sInfo.name, sInfo.flags)) {userId = 0;}sInfo = new ServiceInfo(sInfo);sInfo.applicationInfo = mAm.getAppInfoForUser(sInfo.applicationInfo, userId);}r = mServiceMap.getServiceByName(name, userId);if (r == null && createIfNeeded) {Intent.FilterComparison filter = new Intent.FilterComparison(service.cloneFilter());ServiceRestarter res = new ServiceRestarter();BatteryStatsImpl.Uid.Pkg.Serv ss = null;BatteryStatsImpl stats = mAm.mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics();synchronized (stats) {ss = stats.getServiceStatsLocked(sInfo.applicationInfo.uid, sInfo.packageName,sInfo.name);}r = new ServiceRecord(mAm, ss, name, filter, sInfo, res);res.setService(r);mServiceMap.putServiceByName(name, UserHandle.getUserId(r.appInfo.uid), r);mServiceMap.putServiceByIntent(filter, UserHandle.getUserId(r.appInfo.uid), r);// Make sure this component isn't in the pending list.int N = mPendingServices.size();for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {ServiceRecord pr = mPendingServices.get(i);if (pr.serviceInfo.applicationInfo.uid == sInfo.applicationInfo.uid&& pr.name.equals(name)) {mPendingServices.remove(i);i--;N--;}}}} catch (RemoteException ex) {// pm is in same process, this will never happen.}}if (r != null) {if (mAm.checkComponentPermission(r.permission,callingPid, callingUid, r.appInfo.uid, r.exported)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {if (!r.exported) {Slog.w(TAG, "Permission Denial: Accessing service " + r.name+ " from pid=" + callingPid+ ", uid=" + callingUid+ " that is not exported from uid " + r.appInfo.uid);return new ServiceLookupResult(null, "not exported from uid "+ r.appInfo.uid);}Slog.w(TAG, "Permission Denial: Accessing service " + r.name+ " from pid=" + callingPid+ ", uid=" + callingUid+ " requires " + r.permission);return new ServiceLookupResult(null, r.permission);}return new ServiceLookupResult(r, null);}return null;}

3.3 ActiveServices.bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean whileRestarting)

     获取ServiceRecord所在的application是否已经启动，如果启动了就直接调用realStartServiceLocked(r, app); 如果没有启动就先去mAm.startProcessLocked启动对应的process，然后把需要start的service添加到mPendingServices中，等到进程起来之后会调用attachApplicationLocked去启动相应的service，当然还是调用realStartServiceLocked(sr, proc);

    private final String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,int intentFlags, boolean whileRestarting) {... ...if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Bringing up " + r + " " + r.intent);... ...// Make sure that the user who owns this service is started.  If not,// we don't want to allow it to run.if (mAm.mStartedUsers.get(r.userId) == null) {String msg = "Unable to launch app "+ r.appInfo.packageName + "/"+ r.appInfo.uid + " for service "+ r.intent.getIntent() + ": user " + r.userId + " is stopped";Slog.w(TAG, msg);bringDownServiceLocked(r, true);return msg;}final boolean isolated = (r.serviceInfo.flags&ServiceInfo.FLAG_ISOLATED_PROCESS) != 0;final String procName = r.processName;ProcessRecord app;if (!isolated) {app = mAm.getProcessRecordLocked(procName, r.appInfo.uid);if (DEBUG_MU)Slog.v(TAG_MU, "bringUpServiceLocked: appInfo.uid=" + r.appInfo.uid + " app=" + app);if (app != null && app.thread != null) {try {app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName);realStartServiceLocked(r, app);return null;} catch (RemoteException e) {Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting service " + r.shortName, e);}// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to// restart the application.}} else {// If this service runs in an isolated process, then each time// we call startProcessLocked() we will get a new isolated// process, starting another process if we are currently waiting// for a previous process to come up.  To deal with this, we store// in the service any current isolated process it is running in or// waiting to have come up.app = r.isolatedProc;}// Not running -- get it started, and enqueue this service record// to be executed when the app comes up.if (app == null) {if ((app=mAm.startProcessLocked(procName, r.appInfo, true, intentFlags,"service", r.name, false, isolated)) == null) {String msg = "Unable to launch app "+ r.appInfo.packageName + "/"+ r.appInfo.uid + " for service "+ r.intent.getIntent() + ": process is bad";Slog.w(TAG, msg);bringDownServiceLocked(r, true);return msg;}if (isolated) {r.isolatedProc = app;}}if (!mPendingServices.contains(r)) {mPendingServices.add(r);}return null;}

3.3.1  ActiveService.realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, ProcessRecord app)

     1) app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo, mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo)); 通过app.thread.scheduleCreateService去调用ActivityThread的scheduleCreateService。在ActivityThread的中通过handle去发送和处理“CREATE_SERVICE”的消息。调用handleCreateService

         

     2)  requestServiceBindingLock()  //这个函数在BindService的时候才会起作用 

     3)  sendServiceArgsLocked(r, true); //处理传递给Service的Intent带来的参数

    private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,ProcessRecord app) throws RemoteException {r.app = app;r.restartTime = r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();app.services.add(r);bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, "create");mAm.updateLruProcessLocked(app, true);boolean created = false;try {mAm.mStringBuilder.setLength(0);r.intent.getIntent().toShortString(mAm.mStringBuilder, true, false, true, false);EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_CREATE_SERVICE,r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), r.shortName,mAm.mStringBuilder.toString(), r.app.pid);synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {r.stats.startLaunchedLocked();}mAm.ensurePackageDexOpt(r.serviceInfo.packageName);app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo));r.postNotification();created = true;} finally {... ...}requestServiceBindingsLocked(r);// If the service is in the started state, and there are no// pending arguments, then fake up one so its onStartCommand() will// be called.if (r.startRequested && r.callStart && r.pendingStarts.size() == 0) {r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),null, null));}sendServiceArgsLocked(r, true);}

3.3.1.1 ActivityThread.handleCreateService()

      在Client端，实例化对应的Service并通过attach，把相关的属性给它。通过mServices.put(data.token, service);把自己加到当前进程的mServices中。

     此时就会调用service.onCreate(); 并且通过mServices.put(data.token, service); 把ActiveServices里面的ServiceRecord传过来的Token与本地Service对象放到mServices的Map中。

     最后会通过ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(token, 0, 0, 0);去通知ActiveServices。

    private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well// we are back active so skip it.LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);Service service = null;try {java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();} catch (Exception e) {... ...}try {if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);ContextImpl context = new ContextImpl();context.init(packageInfo, null, this);Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);context.setOuterContext(service);service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,ActivityManagerNative.getDefault());service.onCreate();mServices.put(data.token, service);try {ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(data.token, 0, 0, 0);} catch (RemoteException e) {// nothing to do.}} catch (Exception e) {... ...}}

3.3.1.3 ActiveServices.sendServiceArgsLocked(ServiceRecord r,boolean oomAdjusted)

     在startServiceLocked函数中bringupService之前，已经调用了r.pendingStarts.add去添加了一个pendingStarts，所以这里的pendingStarts.size()是大于0的。

     1. 通过r.app.thread.scheduleServiceArgs(r, si.taskRemoved, si.id, flags, si.intent); 发送Message给Client端处理。

    private final void sendServiceArgsLocked(ServiceRecord r,boolean oomAdjusted) {final int N = r.pendingStarts.size();if (N == 0) {return;}while (r.pendingStarts.size() > 0) {try {ServiceRecord.StartItem si = r.pendingStarts.remove(0);si.deliveredTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();r.deliveredStarts.add(si);si.deliveryCount++;if (si.neededGrants != null) {mAm.grantUriPermissionUncheckedFromIntentLocked(si.neededGrants,si.getUriPermissionsLocked());}int flags = 0;if (si.deliveryCount > 1) {flags |= Service.START_FLAG_RETRY;}if (si.doneExecutingCount > 0) {flags |= Service.START_FLAG_REDELIVERY;}r.app.thread.scheduleServiceArgs(r, si.taskRemoved, si.id, flags, si.intent);} catch (RemoteException e) {....}}

3.3.1.3.1 ActivityThread.handleServiceArgs(ServiceArgsData data)

    1. 调用s.onStartCommand去做相关的操作，onStartCommand会返回一个integer. The integer is a value that describes how the system should continue the service in the event that the system kills it.  

     2. 告诉AMS已经完成了ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(data.token, 1, data.startId, res); 在ActiveServices.serviceDoneExecutingLocked中会对onStartCommand返回的值作出对应的处理。

    private void handleServiceArgs(ServiceArgsData data) {Service s = mServices.get(data.token);if (s != null) {try {if (data.args != null) {data.args.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());}int res;if (!data.taskRemoved) {res = s.onStartCommand(data.args, data.flags, data.startId);} else {s.onTaskRemoved(data.args);res = Service.START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE;}QueuedWork.waitToFinish();try {ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(data.token, 1, data.startId, res);} catch (RemoteException e) {// nothing to do.}ensureJitEnabled();} catch (Exception e) {if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {throw new RuntimeException("Unable to start service " + s+ " with " + data.args + ": " + e.toString(), e);}}}}

ActiveServices.serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, int type, int startId, int res) 

    void serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, int type, int startId, int res) {boolean inStopping = mStoppingServices.contains(r);if (r != null) {if (type == 1) {// This is a call from a service start...  take care of// book-keeping.r.callStart = true;switch (res) {case Service.START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY:case Service.START_STICKY: {// We are done with the associated start arguments.r.findDeliveredStart(startId, true);// Don't stop if killed.r.stopIfKilled = false;break;}case Service.START_NOT_STICKY: {// We are done with the associated start arguments.r.findDeliveredStart(startId, true);if (r.getLastStartId() == startId) {// There is no more work, and this service// doesn't want to hang around if killed.r.stopIfKilled = true;}break;}case Service.START_REDELIVER_INTENT: {// We'll keep this item until they explicitly// call stop for it, but keep track of the fact// that it was delivered.ServiceRecord.StartItem si = r.findDeliveredStart(startId, false);if (si != null) {si.deliveryCount = 0;si.doneExecutingCount++;// Don't stop if killed.r.stopIfKilled = true;}break;}case Service.START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE: {// Special processing for onTaskRemoved().  Don't// impact normal onStartCommand() processing.r.findDeliveredStart(startId, true);break;}default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown service start result: " + res);}if (res == Service.START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY) {r.callStart = false;}}final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, inStopping);Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);} else {Slog.w(TAG, "Done executing unknown service from pid "+ Binder.getCallingPid());}}

serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean inStopping) 

    private void serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean inStopping) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "<<< DONE EXECUTING " + r+ ": nesting=" + r.executeNesting+ ", inStopping=" + inStopping + ", app=" + r.app);else if (DEBUG_SERVICE_EXECUTING) Slog.v(TAG, "<<< DONE EXECUTING " + r.shortName);r.executeNesting--;if (r.executeNesting <= 0 && r.app != null) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG,"Nesting at 0 of " + r.shortName);r.app.executingServices.remove(r);if (r.app.executingServices.size() == 0) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE || DEBUG_SERVICE_EXECUTING) Slog.v(TAG,"No more executingServices of " + r.shortName);mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r.app);}if (inStopping) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG,"doneExecuting remove stopping " + r);mStoppingServices.remove(r);r.bindings.clear();}mAm.updateOomAdjLocked(r.app);}}

到此StartService()启动结束，startService会返回一个ComponentName，而这个实际上就是ServiceRecord.name。

4. stopService

   如果一个service通过start开始，想要destroy它只有两个方法，一个是通过调用自己的stopSelf(), 另一个就是通过ContextImpl.stopService(Intent service).

   而这两个方法最终会走到ActiveServices的stopServiceTokenLocked 和 stopServiceLocked， 这两个方法都是去查找在ActivieServices中对应的ServiceRecord，找到之后最终调用bringDownServiceLocked去destroy相关的工作。

  1. r.app.thread.scheduleStopService(r);  通过Binder调用Client端的销毁工作。

    private final void bringDownServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean force) {... ...if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Bringing down " + r + " " + r.intent);EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_DESTROY_SERVICE,r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), r.shortName,(r.app != null) ? r.app.pid : -1);mServiceMap.removeServiceByName(r.name, r.userId);mServiceMap.removeServiceByIntent(r.intent, r.userId);r.totalRestartCount = 0;unscheduleServiceRestartLocked(r);// Also make sure it is not on the pending list.int N = mPendingServices.size();for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {if (mPendingServices.get(i) == r) {mPendingServices.remove(i);if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Removed pending: " + r);i--;N--;}}r.cancelNotification();r.isForeground = false;r.foregroundId = 0;r.foregroundNoti = null;// Clear start entries.r.clearDeliveredStartsLocked();r.pendingStarts.clear();if (r.app != null) {synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {r.stats.stopLaunchedLocked();}r.app.services.remove(r);if (r.app.thread != null) {try {bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, "stop");mStoppingServices.add(r);mAm.updateOomAdjLocked(r.app);r.app.thread.scheduleStopService(r);} catch (Exception e) {Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when stopping service "+ r.shortName, e);serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, true);}updateServiceForegroundLocked(r.app, false);} else {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Removed service that has no process: " + r);}} else {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG, "Removed service that is not running: " + r);}... ...}

4.1 ActivityThread.handleStopService()

      调用s.onDestroy() 

    private void handleStopService(IBinder token) {Service s = mServices.remove(token);if (s != null) {try {if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Destroying service " + s);s.onDestroy();Context context = s.getBaseContext();if (context instanceof ContextImpl) {final String who = s.getClassName();((ContextImpl) context).scheduleFinalCleanup(who, "Service");}try {ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(token, 0, 0, 0);} catch (RemoteException e) {// nothing to do.}} catch (Exception e) {... ...}}//Slog.i(TAG, "Running services: " + mServices);}

 

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