2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions ：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.( 10 points)
　　In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—astranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling totheir phones，even without a （1） on a subway.
　　lt 's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s （2） to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’tknow it，（3） into your phone.This universal protection sends the （4）：“Please don’t approach me.”
　　What is it that makes us feel we need to hide（5）our screens?
　　One answer is fear，according to Jon Wortmann，an executive mental coach. We fearrejection，or that our innocent social advances will be （6）. as " weird". We fear we’ll be （7）. We fear we’ll be disruptive.
　　Strangers are inherently （8） to us，so we are more likely to feel （9）when communicatingwith them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this uneasiness，we （10） to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，”Wortmann says.“They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more （11）”
　　But once we rip off the band-aid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn’t （12） so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley andJuliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable：Start a （13）. They had Chicagotrain commuters talk to their fellow （14）.“When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder askedother people in the same train station to （15） how they would feel after talking to astranger，the commuters thought their （16） would be more pleasant if they sat on theirown，”The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positiveexperience，after they （17） with the experiment，“not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”
　　（18），these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those withoutcommunication，which makes absolute sense，（19） human beings thrive off of socialconnections. It’s that （20）：Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

1.[A] signal [B] permit [C] ticket [D] record
2.[A] nothing [B] little [C] another [D] much
3.[A] beaten [B] plugged [C] guided [D] brought
4.[A] message [B] code [C] notice [D] sign
5.[A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misapplied [B] misinterpreted [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7. [A] judged [B] fired [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] confident [C] anxious [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] turn [C] take [D] point
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] bend [B] resist [C] hurt [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] debate [C] conversation [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In particular [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] whereas [C] if [D] since
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare

Section I Use of English
　　在我们当代文化中，与陌生人交流、甚或是看着一个陌生人的前景几乎令人无法忍受。我们身边的所有人都认可大家紧握手机不放的生活方式。甚至是在一个没有(1)信号的地铁站里。
　　这是一个悲哀的现实一我们想避免 与他人进行交流一-因为我们可以通过 与站在身边的陌生人交流获得(2)良多。但是你不会了解到这些，你只是一心(3)投入在手机里。这种普遍保护传递出这样一个(4)信息：“请不要接近我”。
　　是什么让我们感觉我们需要隐藏在手机屏幕(5)后面呢?
　　根据高级心理教练Jon Wortmann的说法，一个答案是恐惧。我们害怕拒绝，或是害怕我们单纯的社会交往被(6)误解为“怪异的”。我们害怕受到(7)评判，害怕我们会搅扰别人。
对我们来说。陌生人本来就是(8)不熟悉的，所以相比与朋友和熟人交流，在与陌生人交流
时更可能会感到(9)焦虑。为了避免这种不安，我们(10)转向我们的手机。Wortmann 说：“手机成为我们的慰藉，是保护我们远离我们觉得将会是更(11)危险的事物的保护伞。”
　　但一旦我们撕下这块创可贴，把手机放入口袋，抬起头，其实也并不会怎么受到(12)伤害。在2011年的一个实验中，行为科学家Nicholas Epley 和Juliana Schroeder 请上班一族的人们做一件不可想象的事情：进行主动(13)攀谈。他们让乘坐芝加哥火车的上班一族与同行的(14)乘客交谈。“当Epley博士和Schroeder 女士请在该同一火车站的其他乘客(15)预测和陌生人交谈后的感想时，这些人认为如果他们单独坐着.(16)旅途会更加愉快些”，纽约时报做出总结。尽管参与者们没有预想会有一个积极的体验，但是在他们(17)经历了这个实验后，“没有一个人报告说感到局促不安”。
　　(18)事实上，相比那些没有进行交流的.上班族来说，这些人报告说感到更加愉快，这完全说得通，(19)因为人类的繁荣发展起源于社会联系。道理很(20)简单：和陌生人交谈能让你觉得自己不是与世隔绝的人。
1.答案C
考察名词词义和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“我们身边的每个人似乎都觉得他们总在摆弄自己的手机，即使在没有____的地铁里”。 四个选项中只有[C]项signal(手 机信号)符合句意。其余三项均与手机没有直接关系。
2.答案D
考察词义辨析和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“我们竭力避免与他人互动，真是悲哀。因.为与身边的陌生人交谈我们可以收获____”。 [D]项填入空格处意为“收获良多”.符合句意和语义逻辑。[A].[B]都不符合句意逻辑，[C]项是形容词，在词语和语法上都不符合题目要求。
3.答案C
考察动词词义辨析和搭配关系。空格所在旬的句意是“但是手机的你不会知道这件事"。句中的it指代的是“与陌生人交谈获益良多”这件事。四个选项只有[C]项plugged符合句意，意为“埋头手机的你”。[A]项beaten(被击败)、[B]项guided(被导向).[D]项brought(被带进)三项均不符合句意。
4.答案A
考察名词词义辨析和动宾搭配。空格处所在句的句意是“这一司空见惯的防护传达出一个XXX：不要 靠近我”。四个选项只有[A]项message(信息)可以与send搭配，并符合文意，意为“传达出一- 种信息”。[B]项code(代码)、[C]项notic(通知、布告)、[D]项sign(符号，手势)都不能与send连用。
5.箐案C
考察介词词义。第五题所在旬的句意是“究竟为何我们觉得我们需要隐藏在手机屏幕”。本题只需想象一下我们拿手机时的状态，即可做出选择。通常我们将手机举在眼前，盯着屏幕，所以本题的答案是[C]项behind，“隐藏在屏幕之后”。
6.答案A
考察动词词义辨析和语义逻辑。空格处所在句的句意是“我们担心单纯的社交进步为吓人”。[A]项misinterpreted意为“曲解、误解”，带入句中符合句意，故答案选[A]。其余三项均语义不通。
7.答案B
考察动词词义辨析。第七题所在句是排比句的第三句，依然讲的是我们的“担忧”。[A]项fired(被解雇)、[B]项judged(被评判)、[C]项replaced(被取代)、[D]项delayed(被耽搁) ，四个选项中只有[B]项比较符合语义逻辑，judged在这里可以理解为“我们害怕被别人指指点点”。
8.答案D
考察形容词词义辨析和语义逻辑。空格处所在的句的句意是“陌生人对我们句首的strangers一词就可以确定空格处的答案是[D]项unfamiliar(不熟悉的)。
9.答案B
考察形容词词义辨析和上下文联系。空格所在句的句意是“陌生人与我们不熟悉，所以与朋友和老相识相比，我们在和陌生人交往是更可能感到”。很明显[B]项anxious(焦忠的)最符合句意。由后句中出现的“toavoidthisuneasiness"-句也可知，空格处应该选择的词语是[B]项。
10.答案D
考察动词词义辨析和搭配关系。空格所在句的句意是“为避免这种焦虑，我们自己的手机”。[A]项 atend to(参加)、[B]项point to(指向)、[C]项take to(喜欢上).[D]项turn to(转
向)，四个选项中只有[D]项最符合句意，“我们转向自己的手机(而不是与他人交流)”。
11.答案 A
考察形容词词义辨析和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“手机是我们的幸福眼镜，能保护我们免受我们认为将变得更加事情的伤害”。能伤害到我们的肯定是危险或暴力事情。四个选项首先可以先排除[ B]项(神秘的)、[D]项(无聊的)，[A].[C]两者之间，[A]项dangerous(危险的)更加贴切。
12.答案A
考察动词词义辨析和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“但是一旦我们撕掉创可贴，将智能手机塞进口袋，也没那么”。[A]项hurt(痛苦、难受)，[B]项resist(反抗、抵抗).[C]项bend(弯曲、弯下).[D]项decay(衰退、腐败)，根据四个单词的词义和句意，选项[A]最符合。意为不玩手机也不是那么难受。
13.答案 F
考察名词辨析。文章讲述的是现代人都埋首于自己的手机，不与周围的人交流。空格所在句的句意是“在2011年的一项实验中，Nicholas Epley 和Juliana Schroeder两位行为学家要求上班族进行一次____” 。给出的四个选项中，[A]项leeture(演讲)、[C]项debate(辩论、争论)、[D]项negotation(谈判)都不符合语境和文章的主题，只有[B]项(交谈、对话)最为合适，且与后句中出现的talk相呼应。
14.答案D
考察名词词义辨析。本句承接上句，是对上句的具体解释，句意为“两位行为学家要求芝加哥的乘车.上班族与同道的交谈”。既然是“train commuters" .那与之交谈的肯定是一同乘车的乘客，故[D]选项passengers正确。
15.答案 C
考察动词词义辨析和语义逻辑。本句仍然是Nicholas Epley和Juliana Schroeder两位行为学家实验的一部分，本句的句意是“Epley和Schroeder 让同一辆车上的另外一些乘客他们在与陌生人交谈之后将有什么感觉”。本句中的“other people"与上一句对比，指的是没有被要求与同乘的乘客交谈的人，而且how从句中使用的是would，即过去将来时。以上这些信息都说明另外这些人与陌生人交谈只是一种假设情况，是设想中的一种情况，[A].[B].[C].[D]四个选项中最符合“未发生的假设情况”的是[C]项predict(预测)。
16.答案D.
考察名词词义辨析。空格所在句的句意是“乘客们本以为如果他们自己做着，他们的会很愉快”。四个选项都有“旅程”的含义，[A]项voyage(航程)，特指乘船或飞行器的进行的旅程；[B]项flight( 飞行，航班)，指乘飞机的旅程；[C]项walk是指步行；[D]项ride(骑车、乘车的)旅程。故答案选[D].
17.答案A
考察动词词组辨析和搭配关系。本旬的旬意为“尽管受试者没有预料到这是次积极的体验，但是在____实验后，没有人感到局促不安”。很明显，受试者的感受肯定是在实验进行完之后，故空格处应该是“实验完成”的意思，四个选项中有“完成”之意，且能与with搭配的只有[A]项went through(完成…进行到底)。[B]项do away with(终结、废除)、[C]项
catch up with(赶上、追上)、[D]项put up with( 忍受、容忍)都不符合题意。
18.答案C
考察词组用法和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“根据报告，和与他人没有能交流的乘客相比，与同乘者交谈的人心情更愉悦”。根据句意可以看出，本句是与第五段最后一句的句意相同，是对第五段最后-句的强调说明。四个选项中可以用作强调的只有[C]项.In fact(事实上)。[A]项In turn(依次)，表示顺序；[B]项In particular(尤其，特别) ，表示对某一特殊情况的特别说明；[D]项In consequence(结果)，表因果关系。
19.答案 B
考察上下文的逻辑关系。上文指出，与那些没有对话的人相比，那些积极交谈的人更加开.心。下文则提到人类的繁荣起源于社会联系。显然，这二者之间不是假设关系，因此排除[A]项unless和[C]项if，也非转折关系，因此排除[D]项whereas， 正确答案为[B]项since，表因果关系。
20.答案 B
考察形容词词义和语义逻辑。空格所在句的句意是“事情很_： 与陌生人交谈让你有存在感”。使用排除法，将四个单词一一带人，只有[B]项能使语义逻辑通顺。

Section Il Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed athome than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol，which is a stress marker，whilethey were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to bea place of refuge.
　　“Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men havelower levels of stress at work than at home，”writes one of the researchers，Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work，she notes.“It is men，not women，whore port being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that the findings hold truefor both those with children and without，but more so for nonparents.This is why peoplewho work outside the home have better health.
　　What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re athome，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office，And for women who work outside the home，they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles，and the fact that the home front lags wellbehind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it 's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
　　But it 's not just a gender thing. At work，people pretty m uch know what they 'resupposed to be doing： working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order todraw an income.The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental laborand employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
　　On the home front，however，people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in whichthe division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to bedone，there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor ： they need to be talked into it，or if they’re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus，they’re your family.You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it 's not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasksapparently infinite，the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

21-推断题

21.According to Paragraph 1. most previous surveys found that home XXX.
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C]generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

21.答案 A
本题是推断题。文章第一段的首句就指出：与大部分调查相反，一项新研究表明与工作中相比，人们在家时压力更大。既然与新研究的结论相反。那么早期研究的结论应该是“人们在工作时比在家压力更大”。故答案选[A]。

22-推断题

22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives.
[B]Working mothers.
[C]hildless husbands.
[D] working fathers.

22.答案C
根据题干出现的Damaske，可将答案定位在第二段。第二段指出了几点事实：①不论男女，在工作中的紧张度比在家时要低；②男性而非女性在家比在工作中更轻松快乐；③其实，女性在工作中的压力更小；④不管有没有子女，以上研究结论依然成立。给出的四个选项两两对比出现：工作中的母亲与工作中的父亲、无子女的妻子和无子女的丈夫。根据第二段的说法我们可知，男性比女性压力小，因此可排除[A].[B]。根据常识可知，无子女肯定比有子女压力小，因此可排除[D]。故答案是[C]。

23-细节信息题

23.The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that XXX.
[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D]they are both bread winners and housewives
23.答案D
根据题干的blurring of working women’s roles 可将答案定位在第三段。第三段第四句指出；对于在外工作的女性来说，她们还要做家务。第五句紧接着说到，随着角色的模糊(withthe burring of ro——家中的女性压力更大也就不足为奇了。由此可知，女性角色的模糊指的是女性既要工作又要做家务，也就是[D]项(女性既要赚钱养家又要做家庭主妇)。

24-猜词题

24.The word "moola”(Line 4，Para，4) most probably means XXX.
[A] skills
[B]energy
[C]earnings
[D] nutrition
24.答案C
本题考查根据上下文猜测生词词义。文章第四段说的是工作中人们很清楚自己的职责：工作、赚钱、完成必须完成的任务以获得收入。紧接着后面一句说协议很纯粹：员工付出体力和脑力劳动，然后员工获得维持生活的“moola”。很明显，后一句是对前一句进一步解释说明，故moola的词义与上旬中的income相同。故答案选[C]。

25-细节信息题

25.The home front differs from the workplace in that XXX.
[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[B]home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

25.答案A
细节题。根据题干可将答案定位在第五段。第五段前两旬明确指出：然而，在家里，人们就没有这么清晰的划分了。在家务活上清晰明确的划分劳动力是很少有的。符合第五段前两段说法的是[A]项。

Text 1
　　一项新研究显示，与大多的研究调查结果相反，事实上人们在家要比上班更饱受压力。研究人员测量了人体内的皮质醇，它是一种压力标记。实验中，当人们分别在公司上班及在家的时候，发现人体内的皮质醇在本应是避难所的家里反而更高些。
　　其中的一个研究者Sarabh Damaske写道：“与传统认知更为矛盾的是，我们发现男女都是在家中感受到的压力要比工作时感受到的大”。她还注释说，事实上，女性甚至说她们在工作时会感觉更好。“反映在家要比参加工作更令人愉悦的是男性，而不是女性”。还有一个意外是调查结果对于那些有无孩子的人群均适用，不过更适用于那些没有孩子的人群。这就解释了为什么外出工作的人反而身体更好。
　　这项研究没有考虑的是，人们在家时是否仍然在工作，那些工作是家务工作还是从办公室带回来的工作。对于很多男性来说，一天工作的结束就意味着是放松和享受休息的时间。对于待在家的女性而言，她们从未离开过办公室；而对于那些在外工作的女性，回家后经常继续开始家务工作。在这种角色定义模糊不清和家远不如工作场所可以让职业女性稍作调整的情况下，难怪女性在家时会更觉压力。　
　　这不仅仅与性别有关。上班时，人们都知道他们理应做些什么：工作、挣钱、为了得到一份收入去完成他们不得不做的任务。这场交易非常的清楚明了：员工付出体力或脑力劳动，然后得到维持生活所需的金钱。
　　不过，在家中，人们就不会分得这么清楚。家务分工很少被不偏不倚地、有条理地分发出去。要做的事情太多，而绝大部分人得不到足够的回报。你的家庭同事一你的家人一 他们的付出没有得到明确的回报；你需要说服他们来做这件事情，或者如果他们是青少年，就用拿走所有的电子设备来威胁。而且，他们是你的家人，你不可能解雇自己的家人，也从来不会从自已家里走回家。
　　所以人们在家里时感觉更有压力的情况就不足为奇了。不仅家务看起来永远也做不完，要去激发家人做家务的积极性也更难。

Text 2

For years，studies have found that first-generation college students-—-those who do nothave a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievementfactors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students aremost likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education，colleges and universitieshave pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created "a paradox"in that recruiting first-generation students，but then watching many of them fail，means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen，rather than close”an achievement gap based on social class，according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
　　But the article is actually quite optimistic，as it outlines a potential solution to thisproblem，suggesting that an approach ( which involves a one-hour，next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap ( measured by such factors as grades) betweenfirst-generation and other students.
　　The authors of the paper are from different universities，and their findings are based on astudy involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree，Most ofthe first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant forundergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the studentswith at least one parent with a four-year degree.
　　Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based onthe view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practicalknowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite pastresearch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close theachievement gap.
　　Many first-generation students “ struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of highereducation，learn the ‘rules of the game，’and take advantage of college resources，”theywrite.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages
and disadvantages of different groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experiences，manyfirst-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’can improve.”

26

26.Recruiting more first-generation students has XXX.
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose
[D] depressed college students
26.答案C
根据题干可将答案定位在第一段。第一段第三句指出“since such students are most likely to advane…to recruit more of them"(因为如果初代大学生能完成高等教育他们最有可能取得经济上的进步，所以很多高等院校招收更多的初代大学生)。紧接着第四句指出了招收更多初代大学生的结果：“a paradox"很多初代大学生辍学，更高的教育不仅没有缩小反而加大了成就差距。故答案应该选C。

27-细节信息题

27.The authors of the research article are optimistie because XXX.
[A] the problem is solvable
[B] their approach is costless
[C] the recruiting rate has increased
[D] their findings appeal to students

27.答案A
本题是细节题。根据题干可将答案定位在第二段。第二段首句即表明：文章实际上很乐观，因为它指出了一个可能的解决问题的方案。很明显答案选[A].

28-细节信息题

28.The study suggests that most first generation students XXX.
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from single parent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their college

28.答案C
本题是细节题。第三段最后一句指出：大部分初代大学生是Pell 助学金的受益人，Pell助学金资助的是有经济困难的本科生。故选项C符合原文的描述。

29-细节信息题

29.The authors of the paper believe that first generation students XXX.
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

29.答案D
本题是细节题。文章第四段指出： first generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most collegestudents(初代大学生最缺乏的不是潜力，而是解决大多数大学生所面临的问题的实践知识)。四个选项中，D与此说法-致，inexperienced是lacking in practical knowledge的同义转述。

30

30.We may infer from the last paragraph that XXX.
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle -class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D] cllges are partly responsible for the problem in question

30.答案 D
本题考查对文章最后一段的理解。最后一段讨论的是初代大学生努力在中产阶级文化中找到自己的定位、学习游戏规则.充分利用大学资源。但是学校并不在意来自不同阶层学生的阶级优劣势、大学也不认为社会阶级会影响大学生的教育。学校的这种做法使问题更加严重。换句话说学校对于在初代大学生与普通大学生成就差距扩大这一问题上是有责任的。也就是选项[D].第五段提到的“problerm"和选项[D]中刚提到的“probleminquestion"都是指“初代大学生与普通大学生成就差距扩大”。

Text 2
　　多年来，研究发现，第一代大学生那些父母没有拥有大学学位的学生——在一 系列的教育成就方面落后于其他同学。他们的分数更低，辍学率更高。但是因为这样的学生如果成功获得高等教育，却最有可能推动经济发展，所以高等学校几十年来一直在努力招收更多这样的学生。根据即将发布在《心理科学》杂志上的一篇论文令人沮丧的开头部分，这样就形成了一种“悖论”，因为招收第一代大学生，然后看着他们中的大部分人失败，意味着高等教育中，基于社会阶层的成就差距一直是在升级扩大，而不是缩小。
　　但是这篇文章事实上是非常乐观积极的，因为它为这个问题概述了一种潜在的解决方案。它提出了一种可以将第一代大学生和其他学生间成就差距(通过成绩等因素来衡量)缩小63%的方法(一种快速、基本无须代价的方案)。
　　这篇论文的作者来自不同的大学，他们的发现是基于对一所不知名私立大学的147名学生(他们完成了这个项目)的研究。对第一代大学生的定义是其父母均没有四年制大学学位。大多数的第一代大学生(59.1%)都是佩尔助学金的受助人，佩尔助学金是一种联邦助学金，用来帮助有经济需要的大学生，而对于那些至少有一个家长拥有四年制大学学位的学生而言，比例只有8. 6%.
　　他们的论点一种相对温和的干涉也会产生巨大的影响一是 基于“第一代大学生最缺乏的不是潜力而是大多数大学生都面临的如何处理问题的实践性知识”的理念。他们引用了几位作家过去的研究来表明，为缩小成就差距这个差距就必须缩小。
　　他们写道。很多第一代大学生“努力去通晓高等教育的中层阶级文化，了解‘游戏规则’，利用大学资源。”但当大学并不谈论关于不同学生群体的阶层优势和劣势时，问题却会变得更糟糕。“因为美国高等院校很少承认社会阶层对学生教育经历的影响程度。很多第一代大学生很难理解他们为什么要拼命努力，不明白“像他们’这样的学生要如何得到提高”。

Text 3

Even in traditional offices， “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990， we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey， mission， assion. There were goals， there were strategies， there were objectives， but we didn’t talk about energy； we didn’t talk about passion.
　　Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team” -oriented- and not by coincidence.“L.et s not forget sports- in male dominated corporate America， it’s still a big deal. I’s not explcitly conscious； it’s the idea that I’m a coach， and you’re my team. and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very diferent companies， but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”
　　These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning- and， as Rakesh Khurana，another professor， points out， increase algiance to the firm.“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non profit organizations and religious organizations： terms like vision， vulues， passion， and pur pose ，” said Khurana.
　　This new focus on personal fulillment can help keep employees motivated amid inereasingly loud debates over work -life balance. The “mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today， prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like
Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In. whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline， life -hack，bandwidth， and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion，” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it. even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
　　But this seems to be the irony of office speak： Everyone makes fun of it， but managers love it. companies depend on it， and regular people willingly absorb it. As a linguist once said， “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning， office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work- and how your work defines who you are.

31

31.According to Nancy Koehn， ffice language has become XXX.
[A] more emotional
[B] more obijetive
[C] less energetic
[D] less strategic
31.答案A
根据题干可将答案定位在第一段首句。Nancy Koehn说，与20年前相比，美国公司的通用语变得更加情绪化，更加“右脑化”。很明确，答案选[A]。

32-判断推理题

32.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to XXX.
[A] historical incidents
[B] gender difference
[C] sports culture
[D] athletic executives

32.答案C
根据题干可将答案定位在第二段。第二段第一句表明新时代的公司用语是以团队为导向的。紧接着第二句就与体育运动做了类比：“Let’ s not forget sports”。所以32题的答案是[C]项sports culture(体育文化)。

33-细节信息题

33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to XXX.
[A] revive historical terms
[B] promote company image
[C] foster corporate cooperation
[D] strengthen employee loyalty

33.答案 D
根据题干可将答案定位在第三段。第三段实际上采用的是倒叙的叙述方式。先说了专业术语的目的： Khurana指出专业术语的目的是为工作赋予意义，提高对公司的忠贞。然后才提到了专业术语的引进：过去与非营利组织和宗教组织密切相关的专业术语，例如憧憬、价值观、激情和目标被引进到工作用语中。选项[D]中的loyalty是allegiance的同义词，意思都是“忠贞，忠诚”。

34-推断题

34.It can be inferred that Lean In XXX.
[A] voices for working women
[B] appeals to passionate workaholics
[C] triggers debates among mommies
[D] praises motivated employees

34.答案A
根据题干的Lean In可将答案定位在第四段。第四段第一句指出：现在对个人成就感的看重有助于员工动力十足。第二句指提到了仍然甚嚣尘上的“妈妈战争”：为何女性仍然没有获得的这种个，人成就感。同时也引发了对Lean In这类书的热议。再结合文章第二段提到的“美国的公司，男性占绝对主导地位”。两项对比可以推测出：在工作中男女是不平等的，男性占主导，而女性并没有得到应有的“personalfulillment".由此我们可以推测出Lean In是为女性鸣不平的。故答案选[A].

35-细节信息题

35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
[A] Managers admire it but avoid it.
[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.
[D] Regular pcople mock it but accept it.

35.答案D
根据题干可将答案定位在最后一段。35 题的四个选项描述了四类人对“office speak" 的态度：经理、语言学家、公司、普通人。原文指出：everyone makes fun of it(所有人都取笑办公语言)； regular people willingly absorb it(普通人愿意理解办公室语言)； at the same time that you buy into it(会买它的账)，[D]项“普通人取笑办公室语言，但却接受它”的说法符合原文的描述。原文只是说managers love it，[A]项的avoid it在文中找不到根据，故排除[A]。[B]项是对原文的曲解，原文只是说“you can get people to think it’s nonsense"，但办公室语言毫无意义并非语言学家的观点。Companies depends on it意思是在办公室要使用办公室语言，但办公室语言不是公司的根本，[C]项的说法与dependsonit不等同。

Text 3
　　即使在传统办公室，“美国公司的通用语相比20年前也已经变得更为情绪化和更为右脑化了”，哈佛商学院教授南希●科恩说。她给出例证，“如果你和我空降回1990年时的财富500强公司，我们会发现人们很少使用像旅行、任务、激情等术语。会使用像目标、策略、宗旨等词汇，但我们并不谈论精力、激情。”
　　科恩指出，新时代的公司词汇是非常具有“团队”导向性的一而且并不是偶然。 “请不要忘记体育运动一在以男性占主 导的美国公司，这仍然是一件很重要的事。并不是明确有意识的，只是想着我是教练，你们是我的团队，我们一起共同努力。很多总经理，尽管来自完全不同的公司，但是多数人认为他们自已就是教练，这是他们的团队，他们只想贏。”
　　这些术语旨在为工作注入意义一正如另一位教授拉凯什 ●库拉纳所说，增加对公司的忠诚度。“你可以引用那些以往总是与非营利组织和宗教组织联系在一起的术语，比如愿景、价值、激情和意图”，库拉纳说。
　　在日渐响亮的关于工作与生活平衡的争论中，这种新的对自我实现的关注能帮助激发员工的热情。20世纪90年代的“妈咪战争”直到今天仍在持续，引发关于为什么女性仍不能兼而得之(自我实现与家庭平衡)的争论，像谢莉尔●桑德伯格的书《向前一步》。其书名本身已经成了一个流行语。像短暂休息、脱机、生活秘诀、带宽和能力等全都是为工作和家庭设置界限的用语。但倘若你的工作就是你的激情所在，你会更容易全身心投入，即便那样意味着回家吃晚饭，然后在孩子入睡后接着开始长时间工作。
　　但这似乎是对办公室语言的讽刺：每个人都取笑它，但管理者们喜欢用它，公司依赖它，而普通人群愿意接纳吸收它。就像一位语言学家曾说，“在你相信它的同时，你也可以让人们认为它是无稽之谈”。在工作场所中，它的使用与你的生活及它本身的意义毫无关系。办公室用语它可以帮助你明白你与工作之间的关系
以及工作如何定义你。

Text 4

Many people talked of the 288 ，000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June，along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent， as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment， but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
　　However， there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part time. This figure is now 830.000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.
　　Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare， it is worth making an important distinetion. Many people who work part time jobs actully want full time jobs. They take part time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
　　There was an increase in involuntary part time in June， but the general diretion has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the reession， but itis down by 640.0007. 9 percent)from its year ago level.
　　We know the dfference between voluntary and involuntary part time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes，" they are elasified as working
part time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only casified 8 voluntary part time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
　　The ise of voluntary part time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to alw people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people， especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health condiions， before
Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
　　However， Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a fll-time job that provided insurance in order to cover thetmselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

36-细节信息题

36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
[A] The prospeet of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part time jobs.
[C] The pssbility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation，
36.答案B
本题是细节题。第二段第一句指出我们忽略了一个重要方面。第二句就指出了这一被忽略的方面在：自愿做兼职的人数巨大增加。选项[B]中的increase是big jump的同义词。故答案选[B]。

37-细节信息题

37.Many people work part time because they XXX
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full time jobs
[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet
[C] cannot get their hands on full time jobs
[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market

37.答案 C
本题是细节题。答案出现在第三段。第三段第二、三句明确指出；很多做兼职的人实际上想有一份全职工作，他们做兼职工作是因为他们只能找到兼职工作。故答案选[C]。

38-细节信息题

38.Involuntary part time employment in the US XXX
[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago
[B] shows a general tendency of decline
[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless
[D] is lower than before the reession

38.答案B
本题是细节题。本题讨论的是美国非自愿兼职的就业状况。答案出现在文章第四段，第一旬明确指出：非自愿兼职就业虽然在六月份提高，但是其总体趋势是下降的(thegeneraldi-rectionhasbeendown)，也就是选项[B]。第四段指出非自愿兼职就业在六月份增加，而且非自愿兼职的就业率比经济衰退前要高很多。[A]项的说法与原文完全相反。文章第三段提到非自愿兼职就业的上升意味着很多人将度过一段很艰难的时期。故[C]项“能满足很多失业者实际需要"的说法与原文意思相反。[D]项也与原文相反，非自愿兼职就业比经济衰退前far higher而不是lower.

39

39.It can be learned that with Obamacare，XXX.
[A] it is no longer easy for part timers to get insurance
[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D] fll-time employment is still essential for insurance

39.答案 B
根据题干可定位在六、七段。第六段第一句能指出奥巴马医疗新体制的主要目的是让未就业者也能获得医疗保险；而第七段最后一句指出：奥巴马医疗新体制出台后，就业与医疗保险不再相关。也就是说就业已不再是获得保险的前提条件。故答案选[B]。[A].[C].[D]三项的说法都与原文相反。

40-主旨题

40.The text mainly dscusses XXX.
[A] employment in the US
[B] part timer classification
[C] insurance through Medicaid
[D] Obamacare’s trouble

40.答案A
主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了就业率的回升。第二段讲述了自愿兼职就业率的上升。第三段解释了兼职就业率上升的原因。第四段则讲了非自愿兼职就业情况。第五段讨论了自愿做兼职与非自愿做兼职工作的不同。六七段则指出了奥巴马医疗体制与就业之间的关系。对每段的段落大意总结可以看出，每段讨论的重点都围绕着“employment”展开。所以本文讨论的重点是美国的就业问题。[B]项 只是第五段的内容，太片面；[C]项只在最后一段出现；[D]项是无中生有。

Text 4
　　随着失业率下降至6.1%，很多人都议论劳工部在6月份所报告的288000个新的就业机会是好消息。他们是对的，因为现在看起来好像经济创造的就业机会一直在以相当好的速度增长。尽管我们想要恢复到充分就业还有很长的路要走，但至少现在我们最终在以更快的速度前进。
　　然而，还有另一个重要部分在就业形势中被极大地忽视了，自愿从事兼职工作的人数急剧增加。这个数字比去年同期增长了830000(4. 4%)。
　　在说明奥巴马的医保政策之前，先做一个重要的区分是很值得的。从事兼职工作的很多人事实上都想要得到一份全职工作。他们做兼职是因为他们只能找到兼职工作。非自愿从事兼职工作人数的增加是劳动市场疲软的证据，并且这意味着很多人将会经历一段非常艰难的入不敷出时期。
　　在六月份，尽管非自愿从事兼职的人数有所增长，但是总趋势是下降的。虽然非自愿的兼职就业人数仍远高于经济衰退前的人数，不过比去年同期已经减少了640000<7. 9%)。
　　我们了解自愿和非自愿从事非全日制工作之间的区别，因为是人们告诉我们的。劳工部使用的调查分析询问人们，在一周的参考情况下，他们是否工作不到35小时。如果他们的答案为“是”，他们就被归类为从事兼职工作者。然后调查接着询问，在一周内工作少于35小时是因为想要比全职工作的时间少，还是因为他们别无选择。他们只有告诉调查者选择在一周内工作不过35小时，才被归类为自愿兼职者。
　　自愿兼职的问题与奥巴马医改有关，是因为医改的主要目的之一是让没有就业的人们得到.医保。对于很多人而言，尤其是那些自己或者是家庭成员存在严重健康问题的人，在奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一办法就是找到一份能够提供保险的工作。
　　然而，奥巴马医改已经让1200万以上的人通过公共医疗补助计划或是健康保险交易所得到保险。这些以前可能觉得需要找份提供保险的全职工作来供养自己和家人的人，现如今有了奥巴马医改，工作和保险之间就再没什么联系了。

Part B

Directions：
Read the fllowing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 point)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life
[C] Pave your own unique path
[D] Most of your fears are unreal
[E] Think about the present moment
[F] Experience helps you grow
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
　　Unfortunately. life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover， we are grieving various kinds of loss； a findship， a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usully seems like the most inopportune time， but you should remember that they won’t last forever.
　　When our time of mourning is over， we press forward， stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore， these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.
41.XXXXXX
　　Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately. people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said，“Fear is not real. It
is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination，
42.XXXXXX
　　If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past， try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past， but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjioy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the pssbilitis before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the
past， but a mindset that can be designed into the present.
43.XXXXXX
　　Sometimes it is ceasy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have.Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44.XXXXXX
　　No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is， you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life， espeially your
dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor，help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives， try to participate in several online communities， full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45.XXXXXX
　　Today many people find it dfficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objetivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important
you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin，think your own thoughts， have your own values and make your own choices.

Part B
　　　　　　　　　　　　帮助你度过困难时期的一些古老真理
　　不幸的是，人生不是都那么顺畅。在生活中，总是会有不幸的经历。此外，我们会因为
各种各样的失去而悲伤：一场友谊，一段浪漫关系或是一所房子。困难阶段可能总是会在最不恰当的时机出现，让你倍感失落，但是你应该记住。他们不会永远持续下去。
　　当悲恸过去后，我们会以对生活更好的理解和尊重奋力向前。而且，这些失去让我们变得成熟，并最终让我们走向通往成长和幸福的未来机遇。我想要分享我在这一过程中学到的十大古老真理。
(41)大部分的恐惧都是幻想的
　　恐惧既有用也有害。这种人类正常反应是通过传递危险信号来保护我们，并让我们为如何处理它做好准备。可惜，人们在夸大恐惧的作用下，造成了内心障碍。我最喜欢的演员威尔●史密斯曾说过：“恐惧并不是真实的，它只是自身想法的产物；不要误解我，危险都是真实存在的，而恐惧只是一个选择。”我完全同意恐惧只是我们丰富想象力的产物。
(42)考虑当下
　　如果你身边都是问题，无法克制自己沉浸在往日时光中，就试着专注于当下。很多人被压垮就是因为对过去时光难以释怀，或对未来倍感焦虑。你可能因你的过去而蛮有罪恶感，但是你却在用你无法改变的事情和情况毒害现在。珍惜当下，要知道你活着是有多么幸运。享受周国世界的美好，睁大眼睛去看未来的无限可能。快乐不是未来的一点，也不是过去的某一时刻，而是一种可以被设计入现在的一种心态。(43)很 多事情值得感恩因为你正处在艰难时期，有时很容易感觉不舒服。也很客易被生活中的问题困扰，以至你忘记了去停下来欣赏已拥有的事物。只有强者才会喜欢微笑、珍惜生活，而不是选择哭泣、抱怨。
(44)你并不孤单
　　无论你感觉有多么的孤独，情况有多么的严重，你应该记住你并不孤单。请记住，如果你想要在生活中做出一个好的改变，几乎每个人都会尊重你，愿意帮助你，尤其是你那些最亲近的人。你可能会有一个总是为你带来欢乐、帮助和陪伴的朋友圈。倘若你没有朋友或者亲人，就试着参与几个在线社区，那里面多的是愿意分享建议和鼓励的人。
(45)为自已铺平独一无二的道路
　　如今很多人发现相信自己的观点以及从外部资源获得客观性来寻求平衡很困难。这种情况，你贬值了自己的观点，显示出自已没有能力打理生活。当你努力去达成一件很重要的事时，你要相信自己，并且确定你的决定是最好的。你过自己的日子，想自己的事情，有自己的价值取向，做自己的选择。
41.答案 D
41题是第三段的标题。本段的第一个词语就点明了讨论的中心一fear。 下文围绕“fear”展开了详细叙述：恐惧是人类自我保护的正常反应。恐惧不是真实的，只是人情感的产物、是人们丰富想象力的产物，我们可以选择不恐惧。七个选项中提到“fear"只有[B]和[D]。，但是[B]项的中心词是"responsibility"，而[D]项的中心词就是“fear”.而且most of your fear is unreal的说法与第三段的"fear is not real"完全契合。故答案选[D]。
42.答案 E
第四段讨论的重点是如何看待过去、现在和未来。第四段的观点是太过看重过去，太为将来焦虑会影响当下的心情，我们应该关注的是当前的生活，享受周围的世界。七个选项中能总结第四段的是选项[E]。
43.答案G
第43题是文章第五段的标题。第五段指出：有时候人会经历一些困难的时期，所以很容易情绪低落。我们总是被生活的问题所困扰忘了停下来欣赏我们拥有的东西，坚强的人更喜欢微笑和珍视生命而非哭诉和抱怨。从ppreciate the things you have和value life 可以看出，第五段要表达的中心思想，要欣赏和珍惜已经拥有的东西，最贴近这–主题的是[G]项：感恩。
44.答案A
从第六段的you are not alone；every respects and wants to help you；you may have have a circle of friends 这些关键词可以看出，答案选[A]( you are not alone)。
45.答案 C
文章最后一段你强调的是要相信自己：相信自己的想法和决定、过自己的生活、有自己的价值观.自己做选择。全段出现最多的关键词是own。从这些own可以看出，最后那一段的中心是按照自己的想法和节奏生活。很明显，[C]项(走自己的路)最契合本段的主题。

Section III Translation

46.Directions：
Translate the ollowing text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
　　Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work， a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is， you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay
little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
　　This is the well-travelleld road efect： people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
　　The efect is caused by the way we alocate our attention. When we travel down a well known route， because we don’t have to concentrate much， time seems t0 flow more quickly. And afterwards， when we come to think back on it， we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.

试想开车走一条非常熟悉的路。可以是上下班、进城或是回家的路。不管是哪条路，你对每一处曲曲弯弯都了如指掌。在这种路上，很容易不专注于驾驶.很少注意沿途的景色。结果你就觉得旅途所花的时间比实际的要短。
　　这就是熟路效应：人们走熟路时往往会低估所需的时间。
　　这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式造成的。我们走很熟的路时，由于不必非常专注，时间似乎就过得快些。之后，我们回想起这段旅程时，由于当时没怎么注意，所以记得不很清楚。这样，我们就觉得时间短了。

Section IV Writing

Part A
47.Directions：
　　Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
　　1)brielly introduce the camp activities， and
　　2)call for volunteers.
　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
　　Do not use your name or the name of your university.
　　Do not write your address. (10 points)

Section IV Writing
47. [高分作文]
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Notice
　　A summer camp， which aims to renew high school students’ perception of college and make them prepared for the near future， will be held on July 2lst by our university.
Volunteers are needed to provide services for the participants. Listed below are the details about the camp activities and the qualifications of the volunteers to be recruited.
　　First of all， as the main activity of the summer camp is to share the experience of learning different subjects， those with strong learning abilities are especially welcomed.
　　Secondly， there will be some interesting contests to stimulate the mind as well as forgebetter relationships， such as an English speech contest， thus， candidates must have a good command of English. Furthermore， those who have good communication skills and relevant experience are preferred.
　　If you are interested， please fill in the application form and send it to Students’ Union@163. com .
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Students’ Union

Part B
48.Directions：
　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing， you should
　　1)interpret the chart， and
　　2)give your comments.
　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

48.[高分作文]
　　Isn’t it exciting that the Spring Festival is just around the corner? Well， sort of. But when it comes to the consumption during“the happy holiday"， you may be just as surprised as I am. As the pie chart above clearly demonstrates， people in a Chinese eity spend 40% of their expenditure on New Year presents， 20% on traffic， 20% on parties and diners and 20% on others.
　　What the chart intends to reveal， undoubtedly. is that we overspend on gifts. which may result from the following factors. Above all， it’s a Chinese tradition that we exchange gifts for good wishes and closer relationships， so many people are willing to send their best regards with much more expensive presents." Moreover， with the development of the economy， people are much wealthier than before， which enables them to buy fancy gifts for their beloved ones. In addition， there are some people who take giving presents as a great opportunity to show others their achievements or social status， which leads to comparison and thus increases the consumption of New Year gifts.
　　Exchanging presents with each other during the Spring Festival. from my perspective， is a fine tradition we should carry on. However， it is advisable that we should focus on the true meaning of gifts rather than their prices or forms.