本文主要是介绍阿里云 CentOS7.4,静默安装Oracle11g2的教程,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
转自:https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_32998977/article/details/79437014
最近在阿里云上买了一个服务器,CentOS7.4的操作系统,从买来到搭建java环境以及安装oracle 11g,也是折腾了好多天,今天才把oracle11g的安装过程整理出来。
1.建立swap分区(我自己的服务器内存只有1G)
- dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2097152 #bs为单位,count为设置的大小2048*1024
- mkswap /home/swap #格式化交换文件
- swapon /home/swap #立即启用交换分区文件, 要停止使用新创建的swap文件,只要执行 swapoff/home/swap命令即可.
查看分区情况 free -m
vim /etc/fstab 添加一行
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
否则重启后 swap分区会失效
2.创建用户和用户组
- groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
- groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
- useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
- groups oracle #查询用户组是否授权成功
- passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
- id oracle #查看新建的oracle用户
3.创建安装目录和权限
- mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
- mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
- mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
- cd /data
- ll #创建完毕检查一下
- chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
- chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
- chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
4.修改OS系统标识
- vi /etc/redhat-release
修改成redhat-7
5.关闭防火墙和selinux(阿里云中已经关闭)
6.修改内核参数
- vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容:
- net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
- net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
- #设置最大打开文件数
- fs.file-max = 6815744
- fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
- #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
- kernel.shmall = 2097152
- #最大共享内存的段大小
- kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
- #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
- kernel.shmmni = 4096
- kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
- #可使用的IPv4端口范围
- net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
- net.core.rmem_default = 262144
- net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
- net.core.wmem_default= 262144
- net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
- vi /etc/security/limits.conf 增加如下内容:
- oracle soft nproc 2047
- oracle hard nproc 16384
- oracle soft nofile 1024
- oracle hard nofile 65536
7.配置oracle用户的环境变量
- vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
- export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
- export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
- #oracle启动数据库实例名
- export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
- #添加系统环境变量
- export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
- export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
8.安装需要的rpm包
- yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXtst sysstat ksh make libXi compat-libcap1
rpm -qa | grep * 可以检测是否安装成功
9.解压两个安装文件到对应的文件夹下(自行修改对应的目录)
- unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/
- unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/
10.修改安装配置信息
- vim /data/database/database/db_install.rsp
- ####################################################################
- ## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
- ## ##
- ## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
- ## your installation. ##
- ## ##
- ## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
- ## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
- ## values. ##
- ## ##
- ## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
- ## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
- ## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
- ## ##
- ####################################################################
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Do not change the following system generated value.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the installation option.
- # It can be one of the following:
- # 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
- # 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
- # 3. UPGRADE_DB
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
- # to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
- # first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
- # and network interfaces)
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liumingpp
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
- #
- # en : English ja : Japanese
- # fr : French ko : Korean
- # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
- # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
- # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
- # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
- # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
- # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
- # hr : Croatian pl : Polish
- # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
- # da : Danish ro : Romanian
- # nl : Dutch ru : Russian
- # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
- # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
- # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
- # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
- # de : German sv : Swedish
- # el : Greek th : Thai
- # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
- # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
- # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
- # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
- # it : Italian
- #
- # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the installation edition of the component.
- #
- # The value should contain only one of these choices.
- # EE : Enterprise Edition
- # SE : Standard Edition
- # SEONE : Standard Edition One
- # PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
- #
- # true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
- # are considered for install.
- # false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.
- #
- # Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
- #
- # The following choices are available. You may specify any
- # combination of these choices. The components you choose should
- # be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
- # Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
- #
- # oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
- # oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
- # oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
- # oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
- # oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
- # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
- ###############################################################################
- # #
- # PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
- # ------------------------------------------ #
- # Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
- # needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
- # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
- # #
- ###############################################################################
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the type of database to create.
- # It can be one of the following:
- # - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
- # - DATA_WAREHOUSE
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Starter Database SID.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=sidOracle11GR2
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Starter Database character set.
- #
- # It can be one of the following:
- # AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
- # EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
- # BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
- # AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
- # IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
- # KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
- # ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
- # in Database is desired.
- # If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
- # is to be done manually, then set it to false.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
- # at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
- # on the system.
- # Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
- # database or not.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
- # and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
- # These settings may also be disabled.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
- ###############################################################################
- # #
- # Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
- # starter database: #
- # SYS #
- # SYSTEM #
- # SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
- # DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
- # #
- # Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
- # or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
- # #
- ###############################################################################
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
- # starter database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=******
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
- # It can be one of the following:
- # 1. GRID_CONTROL
- # 2. DB_CONTROL
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
- # the database.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical
- # alerts when using DB control.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
- ###############################################################################
- # #
- # SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #
- # ------------------------------------ #
- # Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
- # using the entries below. #
- # #
- ###############################################################################
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
- # this can be set to true.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
- # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
- # 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system
- # user that is specified in this variable.
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
- # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
- # 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
- # specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
- # above operating system user.
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
- # It can be one of the following:
- # - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
- # - ASM_STORAGE
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
- # files, redo logs.
- #
- # Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the backup and recovery location.
- #
- # Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
- #
- # Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
- #
- # Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM
- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
- #
- # Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
- #
- # Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
- # My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
- # If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
- #
- # Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.
- # The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
- # to be false.
- #
- # Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
- #
- # Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- PROXY_HOST=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
- #
- # Example : PROXY_PORT=25
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- PROXY_PORT=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
- # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
- #
- # Example : PROXY_USER=username
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- PROXY_USER=
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
- # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
- #
- # Example : PROXY_PWD=password
- #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- PROXY_PWD=
11.进行安装
- su - oracle #切换为oracle执行以下安装操作
- cd /data/database/database
- ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp
12.使用root用户运行
- su - root
- /data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
- /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
13.配置tnsnames.ora
- vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
- #新增如下内容:
- alioracle =
- (DESCRIPTION =
- (ADDRESS_LIST =
- (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名称hostname)(PORT = 1521))
- )
- (CONNECT_DATA =
- (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
- )
- )
14.建库
- cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
- ./dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp
- #需要输入oracle用的 用户名和密码
15.配置listener.ora
- vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
- #新增如下内容:
- LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=
- (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=主机名称hostname)(PORT=1521))
- )
- )
- SID_LIST_LISTENER=
- (SID_LIST=
- (SID_DESC=
- (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
- (SID_NAME=orcl11g)
- (ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
- (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
- (PRESPAWN_LIST=
- (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
- )
- )
- )
16.去阿里云控制台,找到安全组,去添加1521端口的配置规则,否则用公网ip连接不到oracle数据库,
这一步很关键,否则无法用公网ip远程连接。
17.接下来用sqlplus去创建用户的id以及分配权限
- create user product identified by product;
- grant connect, resource to product;
- grant select on V_$session to product;
- grant select on V_$sesstat to product;
- grant select on V_$statname to product;
- 后面就可以用plsql工具去远程连接安装好的oracle数据库。
附:oracle实例的启动和启动监听
- su - oracle #切换到oracle用户
- lsbrctl start #启动
- lsnrctl stop #停止
- sdnrctl status #查看listener的状态
- sqlplus "/as sysdba" #以sysdba的身份登陆
- strartup
可以telnet一下 公网ip 1521,查看下网络是否连通,然后就可以用plsql工具去远程登陆了。
具体的安装步骤就这么多了,如有不足和错误的地方欢迎来指正,谢谢!
文章参考:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/7470295689d8
https://www.cnblogs.com/xibei666/p/5935219.html
http://www.111cn.net/sys/CentOS/105946.htm
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