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Picasso 完美兼容 OkHttp3.3,缓存优化两不误
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为何在Fresco,Glide这么强大的背景下,我又想起了当初的Picasso,又为何写这篇文章?是因为最近项目采用了square公司的RxAndroid,Retrfit和OKhttp, 不得不联想到这个公司曾经还有款图片加载Picasso,所以采用了square公司的全家桶来进行项目开发,为了减少开发成本和也防止Apk增大,毕竟一个公司的框架之前兼容性不用担心,那么请让我们回顾一下Picass之路
首先先让我们看看主流图片加载库
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Picasso,Square公司的开源项目 ,和Square的网络库一起能发挥最大作用。占用内存小,自身不带缓存,需依赖OKhttps实现缓存,不支持gif图片
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Fresco,FB的明星项目,也是2015最火的项目之一,匿名共享缓存等机制保证低端机表现极佳,但是源代码基于C/C++,阅读困难度提升。效率高,sdk库占用包体积比较大
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Glide,Google员工私人项目,但是Google很多项目在用,占用内存小,减低oom更靠谱,相对Picasso在Gif方面有优势,并自带缓存功能!
我做了一个实验对比 用一个普通listview加载50张图片,并快速滑动列表,下面分别是glide和picasso消耗内存图
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分析后得出 一个占用内存大 一个占用cpu资源大, 这种区别是由于picasso只缓存一张大图,每次加载根据imagview的大小裁剪,因此消耗的cpu资源高,glide是分别存储不同尺寸的小图,每次不用计算,因此消耗内存比较多,加载速度相对Picasso也快,但也很耗流量.
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为了避免OOM, 我毫不犹豫选择了消耗内存较小的picasso, Fresco不用说都是加载速度第一的框架,采用c库 ,我没做集成测试,具体消耗多少cpu资源我无法给出数据,据说业界第一,但是对apk大小要求的很可能不太合适,这里对Apk包体积要求不高的项目优先的首选。
喜欢glide的朋友可以看看这篇文章 :http://mrfu.me/2016/02/27/Glide_Getting_Started/
实验测试并做了简单比较后,为何还要继续说Picasso,不是说他有多块多流畅,只是当你使用了square公司其他的开源项目,会发现他们都会依赖okhttp,okhttp的强大不言而喻,今天只介绍piacsso相关的,说说picasso(官方:https://github.com/square/picasso) 的一些常用技巧!
Picasso
使用方式:
配置gradle
dependencies {
c
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.3.1'
}
据说目前的2.5.3已修复了2.52无法兼容okhttp3的问题,但我还是选择了2.52版本。
用法
Picasso.with(getApplication())
.load(url)
.into(imageView);
以上用法很简单,加载图片时提供url插入到imageview即可,picasso其他强大功还没有太多的理解的同学请Follow Me!
裁剪图片
Picasso.with(getApplication()).resize(width, height);
这句方法会出现bug,误用!
请用Transformation来进行转义实现:
Picasso.with(getApplication()).load(url).transform(new PaTransformation(width, height)).into(imageView);
Transformation可以拦截到picasoo返回的bitmap,拿着bitmap随心所欲!
public class TamicTransformation implements Transformation {private int width;
private int height;
private String key;public PaTransformation(int width, int height) {this(width, height, width + "*" + height);
}public PaTransformation(int width, int height, String key) {this.width = width;this.height = height;this.key = key;
}@Override
public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {略 拿着source进行裁剪缩放即可if (result != source) {// Same bitmap is returned if sizes are the samesource.recycle();}return result;
}@Override
public String key() {return key;
}
}
列如处理圆形头像
public class CircleTransformation implements Transformation { private static final int STROKE_WIDTH = 5; @Override public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) { int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight()); int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2; int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2; Bitmap squaredBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size); if (squaredBitmap != source) { source.recycle(); } Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(size, size,source.getConfig()); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); Paint avatarPaint = new Paint(); BitmapShader shader = new BitmapShader(squaredBitmap, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP);avatarPaint.setShader(shader); Paint outlinePaint = new Paint();outlinePaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);outlinePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);outlinePaint.setStrokeWidth(STROKE_WIDTH);outlinePaint.setAntiAlias(true);float r = size / 2f; canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r, avatarPaint); canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r - STROKE_WIDTH / 2, outlinePaint);squaredBitmap.recycle();return bitmap; }@Override public String key() { return "circle)";}
}
接着设置渲染模式
Picasso.with(getApplication()) .fit().centerCrop()
清空缓存
新的版本2.52 已经无法直接拿到之前的cache,因此可以用Picasso.invalidate()的实现清楚缓存!
以前我们可以这样
Clear.clearCache(Picasso.with(context));
但现在 不行了
稍加封装成了这样子:
void clearCache(Uri uri, File file, String path) {if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uri.toString())) {
mPicasso.invalidate(uri);
return;
}
if (!NullUtils.isNull(file)) {
mPicasso.invalidate(file);
return;
}
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
mPicasso.invalidate(path);
}
}
当然也可以这样!
Picasso.with(getContext()).load(Url).memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE).into(image);
在加载图片时直接不让做缓存!
加入缓存
当然2.5.2没做对oKhttp3.3的兼容,因此我们加入自定义的cilent,对okhttp做下缓存定制,请照着下面姿势作
构建OkHttpClient
// creat the OkHttpClient.OkHttpClient client =new OkHttpClient.Builder().cache(new Cache("你的缓存路径", 1000*1024)).addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null)).addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null)).build();
拦截器Interceptor
拦截器大家都不陌生,尤其是玩过okhttp和retofit的朋友,那肯定是拦截http的拦截请求和响应的,
public class CaheInterceptor implements Interceptor {private Context context;
public CaheInterceptor(@NonNull Context context) {this.context = context;
}@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {Request request = chain.request();if (NetworkUtil.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {Response response = chain.proceed(request);// read from cache for 60 sint maxAge = 300;String cacheControl = request.cacheControl().toString();Log.e("Tamic", maxAge+ "s load cahe:" + cacheControl);return response.newBuilder().removeHeader("Pragma").removeHeader("Cache-Control").header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + maxAge).build();} else {Log.e("Tamic", " no network load cahe");request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE).build();Response response = chain.proceed(request);//set cahe times is 3 daysint maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 3;return response.newBuilder().removeHeader("Pragma").removeHeader("Cache-Control").header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale).build();}
}
}
添加到Picasso中
// Generate the global default Picasso instance.Picasso mPicasso = getPicasso(context, null);mPicasso.setLoggingEnabled(true);}
自定义DownLoader
为了兼容okhttp3.31 实现下载器!
public class ImageDownLoader implements Downloader {
OkHttpClient client = null;public ImageDownLoader(OkHttpClient client) {this.client = client;
}@Override
public Response load(Uri uri, int networkPolicy) throws IOException {CacheControl cacheControl = null;if (networkPolicy != 0) {if (NetworkPolicy.isOfflineOnly(networkPolicy)) {cacheControl = CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE;} else {CacheControl.Builder builder = new CacheControl.Builder();if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldReadFromDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {builder.noCache();}if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldWriteToDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {builder.noStore();}cacheControl = builder.build();}}Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(uri.toString());if (cacheControl != null) {builder.cacheControl(cacheControl);}okhttp3.Response response = client.newCall(builder.build()).execute();int responseCode = response.code();if (responseCode >= 300) {response.body().close();throw new ResponseException(responseCode + " " + response.message(), networkPolicy,responseCode);}boolean fromCache = response.cacheResponse() != null;ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();return new Response(responseBody.byteStream(), fromCache, responseBody.contentLength());}@Override
public void shutdown() {Cache cache = client.cache();if (cache != null) {try {cache.close();} catch (IOException ignored) {}}
}
}
接着将ImageDownLoader 加入到Picasso
/**
* Download Big Image only, Not singleton but shared cache*/public Picasso getPicasso(Context context) {OkHttpClient client = getProgressBarClient();return new Picasso.Builder(context).downloader(new ImageDownLoader(client)).build();
}
/**
* Not singleton*/
private OkHttpClient getProgressBarClient() {return client.newBuilder().addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context)).addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(contextr)).build();
}
这样我们在做图片加载时 就可以:
getPicasso(context) .load(Url).into(image)
因此用了Picasso我们可以直接将缓存策略用到retrofit上去,其实一箭双雕,大大简化了开发成本!
优化相关
优化不缓存策略
public RequestCreator skipMemoryCache(RequestCreator requestCreator) {return requestCreator.memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_STORE, MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE).networkPolicy(NetworkPolicy.NO_STORE, NetworkPolicy.NO_CACHE);
}
降低内存消耗
设置RGB_565编码格式,降低内存消耗
public RequestCreator cutDownMemory(RequestCreator requestCreator) {return requestCreator.config(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
}
取消加载
public class TamicImageView extends ImageView {public TamicImageView(Context context) {this(context, null, 0);
}public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {this(context, attrs, 0);
}public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);}@Override
protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {super.onDetachedFromWindow();// 不可见时释放BitmapsetImageDrawable(null);// 暂停加载mPicasso.pauseTag(this);}
}
还有很多api,比如
-
requestCreator.tag(tag);设置key
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requestCreator.error(); 设置加载失败图片
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mPicasso.pauseTag(); 暂停加载
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mPicasso.resumeTag();恢复加载
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mPicasso.cancelRequest();取消加载
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requestCreator.priority()优先级
- requestCreator..rotate() 旋转之类
后记
总之虽然picasso 并不是最快的图片加载框架,但是他在基本的加载本地和网络图片基础上,还能很好的提供了让我们自我扩展能力,其扩展性和适应性更强,相信你结合了ohttp+ rxJava + Picasso 后你会发现他确实适合你!
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