Oracle 异机恢复

本文主要是介绍Oracle 异机恢复，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

注意事项：
1 此处实验环境为同平台，同字节序，同版本，源机器和目标机器相同的目录结构。
2 目标机器只需要安装oracle数据库软件即可。
3 第一次利用备份恢复测试环境，之后从源机器拷贝备份到目标机器并在控制文件中注册，再见行恢复测试。

一拷贝参数文件备份、控制文件备份、数据文件备份、以及归档备份到新主机上

1 rman 连接到源数据库

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 11 19:02:05 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CRM (DBID=3601019238)
RMAN>
2 分别列出参数文件备份，控制文件备份，数据文件备份，以及归档备份的名字

参数文件备份如下：
RMAN> list backup of spfile;
BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13      Full    7.11M      DISK        00:00:04     09-DEC-12
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20121209T040058
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/db1/dbs/0dnsd96i_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 09-DEC-12
控制文件备份如下：
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
13      Full    7.11M      DISK        00:00:04     09-DEC-12
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20121209T040058
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/db1/dbs/0dnsd96i_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2779528241   Ckp time: 09-DEC-12
数据文件备份如下：
RMAN> list backup of database;
BS Key Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12      Full    599.38M    DISK        00:03:33     09-DEC-12
        BP Key: 12   Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20121209T040058
        Piece Name: /oracle/app/db1/dbs/0cnsd8vq_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 12
File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/system1.dbf
2       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/zxb.dbf
3       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/sysaux01.dbf
4       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/users01.dbf
5       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/zxa.dbf
6       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/test1.dbf
7       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/zxc.dbf
8       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/undotbs1.dbf
9       Full 2779528081 09-DEC-12 /oracle/test/zxbig.dbf

列出归档备份如下：
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
注意：归档的备份应该包括当前联机日志文件。
3 copy 这些备份到新的主机

二恢复参数文件及控制文件

1 配置新主机上的ORACLE_SID
export   ORACLE_SID=CRM

2 在新主机上发起rman连接

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 10 05:49:11 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

3 设置dbid 并启动实例到nomount状态

RMAN> set dbid 3601019238

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/db1/dbs/initCRM.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     159383552 bytes

Fixed Size                     2019224 bytes
Variable Size                 67108968 bytes
Database Buffers              83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6369280 bytes
注意：在rman下即使没有参数文件，默认也会启动一个DUMMY实例，以便能够恢复参数文件。
4 恢复spfile文件

RMAN> restore spfile to '/oracle/app/db1/dbs/spfileCRM.ora' from '/oracle/app/db1/dbs/0dnsd96i_1_1';

Starting restore at 10-DEC-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=34 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /oracle/app/db1/dbs/0dnsd96i_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 10-DEC-12

5 startup force nomount

RMAN> startup force nomount;

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     322961408 bytes

Fixed Size                     2020480 bytes
Variable Size                 96471936 bytes
Database Buffers             218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6365184 bytes

6 恢复控制文件

RMAN> restore controlfile to '/oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl' from '/oracle/app/db1/dbs/0dnsd96i_1_1';

Starting restore at 10-DEC-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=210 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished restore at 10-DEC-12

cp /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control01.ctl /oracle/CRM2/CRM/control02.ctl

7 启动数据库到加载状态
RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

三在新控制文件中注册数据文件备份和归档备份

RMAN> catalog start with '/backup/';    #取消是drop catalog

searching for all files that match the pattern /backup/

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /backup/0ensd96n_1_1
File Name: /backup/0bnsd8vn_1_1
File Name: /backup/0cnsd8vq_1_1

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /backup/0ensd96n_1_1
File Name: /backup/0bnsd8vn_1_1
File Name: /backup/0cnsd8vq_1_1

四恢复整个库

1 RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 10-DEC-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=209 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/test/system1.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /oracle/test/zxb.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /oracle/test/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/test/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /oracle/test/zxa.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /oracle/test/test1.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /oracle/test/zxc.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /oracle/test/undotbs1.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /oracle/test/zxbig.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/app/db1/dbs/0cnsd8vq_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/oracle/app/db1/dbs/0cnsd8vq_1_1 tag=TAG20121209T040058
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:56
Finished restore at 10-DEC-12

#restore archivelog all;
2 RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 10-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 16 is already on disk as file /oracle/CRM2/CRM/redo04b.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 17 is already on disk as file /oracle/CRM2/CRM/redo05.log
archive log filename=/oracle/CRM2/CRM/redo04b.log thread=1 sequence=16
archive log filename=/oracle/CRM2/CRM/redo05.log thread=1 sequence=17
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 10-DEC-12

3 alter database open resetlogs 打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs；

Database altered.

总结：到此，库已经恢复完成，以后只需要把源机器数据备份、归档备份，或者归档文件，拷贝到目标机器上，并在控制文件中注册该备份(catalog start with ‘/backup/’)然后执行恢复即可。

如果异机异位置恢复的话，可以使用一下方式进行恢复；

run {
set newname for datafile 1 to '/data/orcl/datafile/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 2 to '/data/orcl/datafile/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 3 to '/data/orcl/datafile/undotbs01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 4 to '/data/orcl/datafile/users01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 5 to '/data/orcl/datafile/bsskzy01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 6 to '/data/orcl/datafile/zyscm01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 7 to '/data/orcl/datafile/zyscm_index01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 8 to '/data/orcl/datafile//retbillmt01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 9 to '/data/orcl/datafile/retbillmt_index01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 10 to '/data/orcl/datafile/retgoodsdt01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 11 to '/data/orcl/datafile/retgoodsdt_index01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 12 to '/data/orcl/datafile/rettypedt01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 13 to '/data/orcl/datafile/retgoodsdt_index01.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
}