本文主要是介绍Java模拟表单文件上传(微信/中文名乱码问题),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
最近在做微信企业号,在上传素材文件时遇到了点问题,主要是中文文件名乱码的问题,开始使用的是httpclient3.x的api去实现,文件上传没问题,就是名称是中文的时候死活都是乱码,自己也设置了很多地方的编码为utf-8,也没有用,后来百度,谷歌,也没有找到解决方案,或许解决方案是有效的,但是到了微信这边就没有用了,后来干脆使用HttpURLConnection解决了问题,另外经过半天鼓捣,也解决了一些其他相关性的问题,对文件上传也有了更深的了解。不过后面用httpclient4.x试了一下,发现也是可以解决问题的。
Http请求
自己写了一个表单,上传文件,提交表单,查看http请求,可以看到。
------WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"------WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="msgtype"file
------WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="uploadImage"; filename="0.png"
Content-Type: image/png------WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI--
表单设置成multipart/form-data之后表单内容就变成上面的格式了,如上表单中有两个属性id,msgtype,其中id内容为空,msgtype值为file,然后还有一个文件,
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”uploadImage”; filename=”0.png”
其中name是input file 的name值,filename是文件名,注意模拟表单提交的时候,filename必须要有值,而且是要带后缀的,否则提交不成功。
HttpURLConnection实现表单文件提交
这里使用的IOUtils是commons.io的包,也是直接使用close关闭流
/*** 模拟上传文件(远程URL)* * @Title uploadFile* @param uploadUrl 上传路径* @param picUrl 远程图片URL* @param params 参数内容* @return* @throws IOException* @author zh* @date 2016年6月30日 下午4:22:10*/public static String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, URL picUrl, Map<String,String> params) throws IOException {return uploadFile(uploadUrl, picUrl.openStream(), picUrl.getFile().substring(picUrl.getFile().lastIndexOf("/")) + 1, params);}/*** 模拟上传文件(本地文件)* * @Title uploadFile* @param uploadUrl 上传路径* @param picUrl 本地文件* @param params 参数内容* @return* @throws IOException* @author zh* @date 2016年6月30日 下午4:23:15*/public static String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, File file, Map<String,String> params) throws IOException {return uploadFile(uploadUrl, new FileInputStream(file), file.getName(), params);}/*** 模拟上传文件(输入流)* * @Title uploadFile* @param uploadUrl 上传链接* @param is 输入流* @param filename 文件名* @param params 参数* @return* @throws IOException* @author zh* @date 2016年6月30日 下午4:08:52*/public static String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, InputStream is, String filename, Map<String,String> params) throws IOException {URL urlGet = new URL(uploadUrl);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) urlGet.openConnection();conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);conn.setRequestMethod("POST");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", DEFAULT_USER_AGENT); conn.setRequestProperty("Charsert", "UTF-8");// 定义数据分隔线String BOUNDARY = "----WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI"; conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());// 文件内容StringBuilder contentBody = new StringBuilder();contentBody.append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");contentBody.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\"media\";filename=\""+ filename + "\"\r\n");contentBody.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n");System.out.println(contentBody);out.write(contentBody.toString().getBytes());DataInputStream fs = new DataInputStream(is);int bytes = 0; byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];while ((bytes = fs.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);}IOUtils.closeQuietly(fs);// 参数内容if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {for (String key : params.keySet()) {StringBuilder paramData = new StringBuilder();paramData.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");paramData.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+key+"\";");paramData.append("\r\n");paramData.append("\r\n");paramData.append("\""+params.get(key)+"\"");System.out.println(paramData);out.write(paramData.toString().getBytes());}}// 最后一个片段结尾要用--表示byte[] end_data = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes();out.write(end_data);out.flush();IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应 InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, Charsets.UTF_8));String valueString = null;StringBuffer bufferRes = null;bufferRes = new StringBuffer();while ((valueString = read.readLine()) != null){bufferRes.append(valueString);}IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);// 关闭连接if (conn != null) {conn.disconnect();}return bufferRes.toString();}
微信企业号上传临时素材
- 请求说明
Https请求方式: POST
https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=TYPE
- 参数说明
参数 必须 说明
权限说明
完全公开。所有管理组均可调用,media_id可以共享。
返回说明
{"type": "image","media_id": "1G6nrLmr5EC3MMb_-zK1dDdzmd0p7cNliYu9V5w7o8K0","created_at": "1380000000"
}
说实话,微信的文档有些地方做的真的不怎么样,而且企业号现在功能也不是太全,比如SaaS套件第三方应用有授权安装的API,却没有取消授权安装的API,有些东西值要调几个API才可以得到,可能他们有他们的考虑吧,不说了,继续说遇到的问题。
使用上面这种方法调用上传素材,然后得到media_id去发送消息,发送文件的时候,如果是中文名的文件,也不会出现乱码了,当然这个上传文件不仅是在微信的时候用,平时需要的各种环境都可以使用,这里拿微信只是举例,如果要使用httpclient,那还是推荐使用httpclient4.x以上的版本吧,貌似这个解决方案多一点。
上传文件
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {File file = new File("E:\\中文图片.jpg");String access_token = "AasbMO9SCcF3HO0jVLnddQuZo4pUmSYHieqC56vQbBvQgqGWW8spQG5CtWT6Vcjh";String uploadUrl = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?type=file&access_token="+ CommonUtil.encode(access_token);// 本地文件String upload_response = uploadFile(uploadUrl, file, null);System.out.println(upload_response);// 远程URL文件提交上传URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com/xx/xxx.zip");String upload_response2 = uploadFile(uploadUrl, url, null);System.out.println(upload_response2);}
小结
这里走了很多弯路,因为在前台页面不可能带上Access_token,为了安全,只能先将文件上传到服务器,然后发送请求到微信,这里就出现了一个问题,服务器是linux的,中文名的文件会乱码,起初是统一替换文件名为一串时间戳的字符,但是在发送消息,类型为文件时,会显示文件名,这样不好,所以必须要显示原文件名,原以为必须要再本地存一份,然后提交给微信,后来发现,远程URL,文件流都可以提交,所以问题就好解决了,本地不需要存了,然后得到文件流,然后得到原文件名,推送给微信,上面给出的三个版本,本地文件,远程URL,文件流的实现版本,总体还是解决了这个问题。
多文件上传版本
private static final String DEFAULT_USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/33.0.1750.146 Safari/537.36";
/*** 模拟上传文件请求* * @Title uploadFile * @param uploadUrl 上传url* @param files 文件列表* @param params 参数列表* @return* @throws Exception* @author zh* @date 2016年6月30日 下午3:54:26*/public String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, List<File> files, Map<String,String> params) throws Exception {String BOUNDARY = "----WebKitFormBoundary7blBEBTiZtWOX8LI";String response = "";HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { URL url = new URL(uploadUrl);conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setUseCaches(false);conn.setRequestMethod("POST");conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);StringBuffer contentBody = new StringBuffer();OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {for (String key : params.keySet()) {contentBody.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");contentBody.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"").append(key + "\"");contentBody.append("\r\n").append("\r\n").append(params.get(key)).append("\r\n");}}System.out.println(contentBody);out.write(contentBody.toString().getBytes("utf-8"));if(files != null && files.size() > 0){for (File file : files) {contentBody = new StringBuffer();contentBody.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");contentBody.append("Content-Disposition:form-data; name=\"").append("media\"; ").append("filename=\"").append(file.getName() + "\"").append("\r\n" + "Content-Type:application/octet-stream").append("\r\n" + "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary" + "\r\n" + "\r\n");System.out.println(contentBody.toString());out.write(contentBody.toString().getBytes("utf-8"));DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));int bytes = 0; byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024]; while ((bytes = dis.read(bufferOut)) != -1) { out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes); } dis.close();}}byte[] endData = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes(); out.write(endData); out.flush(); out.close(); // 读取返回数据 StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String line = null; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { strBuf.append(line).append("\n"); } response = strBuf.toString(); br.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("发送POST请求出错。" + uploadUrl); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); conn = null; } } return response;}
HttpClient3 实现文件上传版本
public String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, List<File> files, Map<String,String> params) throws Exception {HttpClient client = new HttpClient();PostMethod httpPost = new PostMethod(uploadUrl);httpPost.setRequestHeader("User-Agent", "AdUU");httpPost.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");httpPost.setRequestHeader("Accept-Charset", "GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,;q=0.7");httpPost.setRequestHeader("Connection", "keep-alive");ArrayList<PartBase> parts = new ArrayList<PartBase>();if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {for (String key : params.keySet()) {parts.add(new StringPart(key, params.get(key)));}}if (files != null && files.size() > 0)for (File file : files) {parts.add(new FilePart("upload",file.getName(), file));}httpPost.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts.toArray(new Part[]{}), httpPost.getParams()));client.executeMethod(httpPost);StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();if (httpPost.getStatusCode() == 200) {BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpPost.getResponseBodyAsStream(), "UTF-8"));String line;while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {response.append(line);}reader.close();}return response.toString();}
最后说一点,如果是实现微信上传的话, 最好还是使用HttpURLConnection版本,或者用httpclient4.x以上版本,这样就解决了中文文件名上传的问题。
HttpClient4.x 解决微信上传素材中文名乱码问题
测试通过版本:
- httpclient 4.5.2
- httpcore 4.4.4
- httpmime 4.5.2
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;public class Upload {public static String uploadFile(String uploadUrl, List<File> files, Map<String,String> params) {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();CloseableHttpResponse response = null;HttpEntity entity = null;String result = "";try{HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uploadUrl);httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2723.3 Safari/537.36");httpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");httpPost.setHeader("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8,utf-8;q=0.7,;q=0.7");httpPost.setHeader("Connection", "keep-alive");MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();// 这里是解决中文名乱码的关键,很多地方说设置HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE,到微信这里就不行了multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);// 这里是个坑,乱码问题首先想到的是设置编码,可是设置这个之后,微信就报41005错误了。大坑大坑。。具体原因我也不清楚
// multipartEntityBuilder.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8);if(params != null && params.size() > 0){for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString(), ContentType.create("text/plain", Consts.UTF_8));}}if (files != null && files.size() > 0){for (File file : files) {multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody("media", file);}}httpPost.setEntity(multipartEntityBuilder.build());response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);entity = response.getEntity();if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally{try {if(entity != null){EntityUtils.consume(entity);}if(response != null){response.close();}if(httpclient != null){httpclient.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}public static void main(String[] args) {String access_token = "1zavF25bdA-bunJWhbfM0TNdJyrfonKpCLwBk--TllY232BFXVcCapnNNTAigasb";List<File> files = new ArrayList<File>();files.add(new File("E:\\中文.txt"));String result = uploadFile("https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token="+access_token+"&type=file", files, null);//{"type":"file","media_id":"1cn4gBj-jg6phmUZSqqRjbOYye56CdgPaTmgunfJ7yvhW44yaD-Py0mbA9lyZ6Ckhjli9JKIKibFv8kq385eWhg","created_at":1468382218}System.out.println(result);}}
注释部分是重点,网上很多解决方案都试过了,不行,首先想到的是设置编码,结果反而导致上传文件不成功了,微信返回41005之类的错误代码,很多地方说设置HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE,到微信这里就不行了,所以解决中文名乱码的关键代码是multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);这样上传素材之后拿到的media_id然后去发送消息的时候,中文名就不会乱码了。
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