rails devise 实例

本文主要是介绍rails devise 实例，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！

前言：

上两节我们讲了用户的添加、登录……，这一次我们遵循Rails的理念，快速实现用户的注册、登录……

理念：

1、少就是多

2、不要重复制造轮子

开始：

1、新建rails工程

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 $ rails  new r2 -d=mysql 

配置Gemfile文件，添加一句：

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 gem  'devise'             #devise是一个gem包 

配置config/database.yml文件，修改适合自己的数据库名、用户名和密码。

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 $ bundle install 

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 $ rake db :create         #创建数据库 

解释：

devise是一个开源的工程，主要用于用户的注册、登录、找回密码、session等等。所谓“不要重复制造轮子”，既然有好的工程，我们就拿来用，直接在Gemfile中作为gem包引入，方便之极。Do you want to know more? https://github.com/plataformatec/devise

2、配置devise

（1）应用devise：

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 $ rails g devise :install 

输出如下：

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 =============================================================================== 
 Some setup you must do manually  if  you haven't yet: 
    1 . Setup default url options for your specific environment. Here is an 
       example of development environment: 
         config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host =>  'localhost:3000' } 
       This is a required Rails configuration. In production it must be the 
       actual host of your application 
    2 . Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* in your config/routes.rb. 
       For example: 
         root :to =>  "home#index" 
    3 . Ensure you have flash messages in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb. 
       For example: 
         <p class = "notice" ><%= notice %></p> 
         <p class = "alert" ><%= alert %></p> 
 =============================================================================== 

以上提示，我们后面再做理会！

（2）使用devise创建user model：

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 $ rails g devise User 

发生了什么？

在app/models文件夹下产生了一个user.rb，也就是创建了一个user model
在db/migrate文件夹下产生了一个migrate文件
在config/routes.rb文件中添加了一行 devise_for :users

（3）配置user

编辑app/models/user.rb文件

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 class  User < ActiveRecord::Base 
    # Include default devise modules. Others available are: 
    # :token_authenticatable, :encryptable, :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable 
    devise :database_authenticatable , :registerable , 
           :recoverable , :rememberable ,  :trackable ,  :validatable ,     #末尾添加,号 
           :confirmable , :lockable                 #添加这一行 
    # Setup accessible (or protected) attributes for your model 
    attr_accessible :email ,  :password , :password_confirmation , :remember_me 
 end 

编辑db/migrate/20110726xxxxxx_devise_create_users.rb文件

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 class  DeviseCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration 
    def self .up 
      create_table( :users ) do |t| 
        t.database_authenticatable :null =>  false 
        t.recoverable 
        t.rememberable 
        t.trackable 
        #添加以下两行 
        t.confirmable 
        t.lockable :lock_strategy => :failed_attempts , :unlock_strategy =>  :both 
        # t.encryptable 
        # t.confirmable 
        # t.lockable :lock_strategy => :failed_attempts, :unlock_strategy => :both 
        # t.token_authenticatable 
        t.timestamps 
      end 
      add_index :users ,  :email ,                :unique =>  true 
      add_index :users ,  :reset_password_token , :unique =>  true 
      #添加以下两行 
      add_index :users ,  :confirmation_token ,   :unique =>  true 
      add_index :users ,  :unlock_token ,         :unique =>  true 
      # add_index :users, :confirmation_token,   :unique => true 
      # add_index :users, :unlock_token,         :unique => true 
      # add_index :users, :authentication_token, :unique => true 
    end 
    def self .down 
      drop_table :users 
    end 
 end 

生成数据表：

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 $ rake db :migrate 

（3）配置邮件服务器

编辑config/initializers/devise.rb

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 # Use this hook to configure devise mailer, warden hooks and so forth. The first 
 # four configuration values can also be set straight in your models. 
 Devise.setup  do |config| 
    # ==> Mailer Configuration 
    # Configure the e-mail address which will be shown in DeviseMailer. 
    config.mailer_sender = "xxx@126.com"   #换成你的邮箱，最好不要是gmail 
    # Configure the class responsible to send e-mails. 
    # config.mailer = "Devise::Mailer" 
    # ==> ORM configuration 
    # Load and configure the ORM. Supports :active_record (default) and 
    # :mongoid (bson_ext recommended) by default. Other ORMs may be 
    # available as additional gems. 
    require 'devise/orm/active_record' 
    # ==> Configuration for any authentication mechanism 
    # Configure which keys are used when authenticating a user. The default is 
    # just :email. You can configure it to use [:username, :subdomain], so for 
    # authenticating a user, both parameters are required. Remember that those 
    # parameters are used only when authenticating and not when retrieving from 
    # session. If you need permissions, you should implement that in a before filter. 
    # You can also supply a hash where the value is a boolean determining whether 
    # or not authentication should be aborted when the value is not present. 
    # config.authentication_keys = [ :email ] 
    # Configure parameters from the request object used for authentication. Each entry 
    # given should be a request method and it will automatically be passed to the 
    # find_for_authentication method and considered in your model lookup. For instance, 
    # if you set :request_keys to [:subdomain], :subdomain will be used on authentication. 
    # The same considerations mentioned for authentication_keys also apply to request_keys. 
    # config.request_keys = [] 
    # Configure which authentication keys should be case-insensitive. 
    # These keys will be downcased upon creating or modifying a user and when used 
    # to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email. 
    config.case_insensitive_keys = [ :email ] 
     
    # Configure which authentication keys should have whitespace stripped. 
    # These keys will have whitespace before and after removed upon creating or 
    # modifying a user and when used to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email. 
    config.strip_whitespace_keys = [ :email ] 
    # Tell if authentication through request.params is enabled. True by default. 
    # config.params_authenticatable = true 
    # Tell if authentication through HTTP Basic Auth is enabled. False by default. 
    # config.http_authenticatable = false 
    # If http headers should be returned for AJAX requests. True by default. 
    # config.http_authenticatable_on_xhr = true 
    # The realm used in Http Basic Authentication. "Application" by default. 
    # config.http_authentication_realm = "Application" 
    # It will change confirmation, password recovery and other workflows 
    # to behave the same regardless if the e-mail provided was right or wrong. 
    # Does not affect registerable. 
    # config.paranoid = true 
    # ==> Configuration for :database_authenticatable 
    # For bcrypt, this is the cost for hashing the password and defaults to 10. If 
    # using other encryptors, it sets how many times you want the password re-encrypted. 
    config.stretches = 10 
    # Setup a pepper to generate the encrypted password. 
    # config.pepper = "025e837f7ae23e7f4e3b0a3dd048577e3b82c0f803fc4a8bac896303ab40545ab6e47600962cd8075c3122af0c98dba62bd6399604d622579797c282b0b1b2a1" 
    # ==> Configuration for :confirmable 
    # The time you want to give your user to confirm his account. During this time 
    # he will be able to access your application without confirming. Default is 0.days 
    # When confirm_within is zero, the user won't be able to sign in without confirming. 
    # You can use this to let your user access some features of your application 
    # without confirming the account, but blocking it after a certain period 
    # (ie 2 days). 
    # config.confirm_within = 2.days 
    # Defines which key will be used when confirming an account 
    # config.confirmation_keys = [ :email ] 
    # ==> Configuration for :rememberable 
    # The time the user will be remembered without asking for credentials again. 
    # config.remember_for = 2.weeks 
    # If true, a valid remember token can be re-used between multiple browsers. 
    # config.remember_across_browsers = true 
    # If true, extends the user's remember period when remembered via cookie. 
    # config.extend_remember_period = false 
    # If true, uses the password salt as remember token. This should be turned 
    # to false if you are not using database authenticatable. 
    config.use_salt_as_remember_token = true 
    # Options to be passed to the created cookie. For instance, you can set 
    # :secure => true in order to force SSL only cookies. 
    # config.cookie_options = {} 
    # ==> Configuration for :validatable 
    # Range for password length. Default is 6..128. 
    # config.password_length = 6..128 
    # Regex to use to validate the email address 
    # config.email_regexp = /\A([\w\.%\+\-]+)@([\w\-]+\.)+([\w]{2,})\z/i 
    # ==> Configuration for :timeoutable 
    # The time you want to timeout the user session without activity. After this 
    # time the user will be asked for credentials again. Default is 30 minutes. 
    # config.timeout_in = 30.minutes 
    # ==> Configuration for :lockable 
    # Defines which strategy will be used to lock an account. 
    # :failed_attempts = Locks an account after a number of failed attempts to sign in. 
    # :none            = No lock strategy. You should handle locking by yourself. 
    # config.lock_strategy = :failed_attempts 
    # Defines which key will be used when locking and unlocking an account 
    # config.unlock_keys = [ :email ] 
    # Defines which strategy will be used to unlock an account. 
    # :email = Sends an unlock link to the user email 
    # :time  = Re-enables login after a certain amount of time (see :unlock_in below) 
    # :both  = Enables both strategies 
    # :none  = No unlock strategy. You should handle unlocking by yourself. 
    # config.unlock_strategy = :both 
    # Number of authentication tries before locking an account if lock_strategy 
    # is failed attempts. 
    # config.maximum_attempts = 20 
    # Time interval to unlock the account if :time is enabled as unlock_strategy. 
    # config.unlock_in = 1.hour 
    # ==> Configuration for :recoverable 
    # 
    # Defines which key will be used when recovering the password for an account 
    # config.reset_password_keys = [ :email ] 
    # Time interval you can reset your password with a reset password key. 
    # Don't put a too small interval or your users won't have the time to 
    # change their passwords. 
    config.reset_password_within = 2 .hours 
    # ==> Configuration for :encryptable 
    # Allow you to use another encryption algorithm besides bcrypt (default). You can use 
    # :sha1, :sha512 or encryptors from others authentication tools as :clearance_sha1, 
    # :authlogic_sha512 (then you should set stretches above to 20 for default behavior) 
    # and :restful_authentication_sha1 (then you should set stretches to 10, and copy 
    # REST_AUTH_SITE_KEY to pepper) 
    # config.encryptor = :sha512 
    # ==> Configuration for :token_authenticatable 
    # Defines name of the authentication token params key 
    # config.token_authentication_key = :auth_token 
    # If true, authentication through token does not store user in session and needs 
    # to be supplied on each request. Useful if you are using the token as API token. 
    # config.stateless_token = false 
    # ==> Scopes configuration 
    # Turn scoped views on. Before rendering "sessions/new", it will first check for 
    # "users/sessions/new". It's turned off by default because it's slower if you 
    # are using only default views. 
    # config.scoped_views = false 
    # Configure the default scope given to Warden. By default it's the first 
    # devise role declared in your routes (usually :user). 
    # config.default_scope = :user 
    # Configure sign_out behavior. 
    # Sign_out action can be scoped (i.e. /users/sign_out affects only :user scope). 
    # The default is true, which means any logout action will sign out all active scopes. 
    # config.sign_out_all_scopes = true 
    # ==> Navigation configuration 
    # Lists the formats that should be treated as navigational. Formats like 
    # :html, should redirect to the sign in page when the user does not have 
    # access, but formats like :xml or :json, should return 401. 
    # 
    # If you have any extra navigational formats, like :iphone or :mobile, you 
    # should add them to the navigational formats lists. 
    # 
    # The :"*/*" and "*/*" formats below is required to match Internet 
    # Explorer requests. 
    # config.navigational_formats = [:"*/*", "*/*", :html] 
    # The default HTTP method used to sign out a resource. Default is :delete. 
    config.sign_out_via = :delete 
    # ==> OmniAuth 
    # Add a new OmniAuth provider. Check the wiki for more information on setting 
    # up on your models and hooks. 
    # config.omniauth :github, 'APP_ID', 'APP_SECRET', :scope => 'user,public_repo' 
    # ==> Warden configuration 
    # If you want to use other strategies, that are not supported by Devise, or 
    # change the failure app, you can configure them inside the config.warden block. 
    # 
    # config.warden do |manager| 
    #   manager.failure_app   = AnotherApp 
    #   manager.intercept_401 = false 
    #   manager.default_strategies(:scope => :user).unshift :some_external_strategy 
    # end 
 end 

编辑config/environments/development.rb

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 R2 ::Application.configure do 
    # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb 
    # In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on 
    # every request.  This slows down response time but is perfect for development 
    # since you don't have to restart the webserver when you make code changes. 
    config.cache_classes = false 
    # Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil. 
    config.whiny_nils = true 
    # Show full error reports and disable caching 
    config.consider_all_requests_local       = true 
    config.action_view.debug_rjs             = true 
    config.action_controller.perform_caching = false 
    # Don't care if the mailer can't send 
    config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true  #此处改为true 
    #添加以下内容 
    config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host =>  "localhost:3000" }  #刚才devise的提示中提到这一句 
    config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp 
    config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { 
      :address =>  "smtp.126.com" , 
      :port =>  25 , 
      :domain =>  "126.com" , 
      :authentication =>  :login , 
      :user_name =>  "xxx@126.com" , #你的邮箱 
      :password =>  "xxxxxx" #你的密码 
    } 
    # Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger 
    config.active_support.deprecation = :log 
    # Only use best-standards-support built into browsers 
    config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin 
 end 

（4）其它配置

随便新建一个home controller

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 $ rails g controller home index 

删除public目录下的index.html文件

修改config/routes.rb文件，添加一句

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 root  :to =>  "home#index" 

编辑app/controllers/home_controller.rb文件

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 class  HomeController < ApplicationController 
    before_filter :authenticate_user !  #添加这一句 
     
    def index 
    end 
 end 

编辑app/views/layouts/application.html.erb文件

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 <! DOCTYPE html> 
 <html> 
 <head> 
    <title> R2 </title> 
    <%= stylesheet_link_tag :all %> 
    <%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %> 
    <%= csrf_meta_tag %> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 #添加以下两句 
 <p  class = "notice" ><%= notice %></p> 
 <p  class = "alert" ><%= alert %></p> 
 <%=  yield %> 
 </body> 
 </html> 