D3D12编译遇到的问题

X3501 ‘main’: entrypoint not found

这边需要将.hlsl文件的项类型改为不参与生成

LNK2019 无法解析的外部符号 _main，函数 “int __cdecl invoke_main(void)” (?invoke_main@@YAHXZ)

需要给定窗口，所以在属性-》链接器-》系统-》子系统中选择窗口

案例测试

按照上述测试实现如下三角形代码

//hlsl
struct PSInput
{float4 position : SV_POSITION;float4 color : COLOR;
};PSInput VSMain(float4 position : POSITION, float4 color : COLOR)
{PSInput result;result.position = position;result.color = color;return result;
}float4 PSMain(PSInput input) : SV_TARGET
{return input.color;
}

#include <SDKDDKVer.h>
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // 从 Windows 头中排除极少使用的资料
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <wrl.h>  //添加WTL支持 方便使用COM
#include <strsafe.h>
#include <dxgi1_6.h>
#include <DirectXMath.h>
#include <d3d12.h>	//for d3d12
#include <d3d12shader.h>
#include <d3dcompiler.h>
#if defined(_DEBUG)
#include <dxgidebug.h>
#endifusing namespace Microsoft;
using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
using namespace DirectX;//linker
#pragma comment(lib, "dxguid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dxgi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d12.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")#define GRS_WND_CLASS_NAME _T("GRS Game Window Class")
#define GRS_WND_TITLE	_T("GRS DirectX12 Trigger Sample")#define GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr) {HRESULT _hr = (hr);if (FAILED(_hr)){ throw CGRSCOMException(_hr); }}class CGRSCOMException
{
public:CGRSCOMException(HRESULT hr) : m_hrError(hr){}HRESULT Error() const{return m_hrError;}
private:const HRESULT m_hrError;
};struct GRS_VERTEX
{XMFLOAT4 m_vtPos;XMFLOAT4 m_vtColor;
};LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);int APIENTRY _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR    lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{const UINT							nFrameBackBufCount = 3u;int									iWidth = 1024;int									iHeight = 768;UINT								nFrameIndex = 0;DXGI_FORMAT							emRenderTargetFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;const float							faClearColor[] = { 0.0f, 0.2f, 0.4f, 1.0f };UINT								nDXGIFactoryFlags = 0U;UINT								nRTVDescriptorSize = 0U;HWND								hWnd = nullptr;MSG									msg = {};TCHAR								pszAppPath[MAX_PATH] = {};float								fTrangleSize = 3.0f;D3D12_VERTEX_BUFFER_VIEW			stVertexBufferView = {};UINT64								n64FenceValue = 0ui64;HANDLE								hEventFence = nullptr;D3D12_VIEWPORT						stViewPort = { 0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<float>(iWidth), static_cast<float>(iHeight), D3D12_MIN_DEPTH, D3D12_MAX_DEPTH };D3D12_RECT							stScissorRect = { 0, 0, static_cast<LONG>(iWidth), static_cast<LONG>(iHeight) };D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL					emFeatureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_12_1;ComPtr<IDXGIFactory5>				pIDXGIFactory5;ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter1>				pIAdapter1;ComPtr<ID3D12Device4>				pID3D12Device4;ComPtr<ID3D12CommandQueue>			pICMDQueue;ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain1>				pISwapChain1;ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain3>				pISwapChain3;ComPtr<ID3D12DescriptorHeap>		pIRTVHeap;ComPtr<ID3D12Resource>				pIARenderTargets[nFrameBackBufCount];ComPtr<ID3D12RootSignature>			pIRootSignature;ComPtr<ID3D12PipelineState>			pIPipelineState;ComPtr<ID3D12CommandAllocator>		pICMDAlloc;ComPtr<ID3D12GraphicsCommandList>	pICMDList;ComPtr<ID3D12Resource>				pIVertexBuffer;ComPtr<ID3D12Fence>					pIFence;try{// 得到当前的工作目录，方便我们使用相对路径来访问各种资源文件{if (0 == ::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, pszAppPath, MAX_PATH)){GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));}WCHAR* lastSlash = _tcsrchr(pszAppPath, _T('\\'));if (lastSlash){//删除Exe文件名*(lastSlash) = _T('\0');}lastSlash = _tcsrchr(pszAppPath, _T('\\'));if (lastSlash){//删除x64路径*(lastSlash) = _T('\0');}lastSlash = _tcsrchr(pszAppPath, _T('\\'));if (lastSlash){//删除Debug 或 Release路径*(lastSlash + 1) = _T('\0');}}// 创建窗口{WNDCLASSEX wcex = {};wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);wcex.style = CS_GLOBALCLASS;wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;wcex.hInstance = hInstance;wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH);		//防止无聊的背景重绘wcex.lpszClassName = GRS_WND_CLASS_NAME;RegisterClassEx(&wcex);DWORD dwWndStyle = WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_SYSMENU;RECT rtWnd = { 0, 0, iWidth, iHeight };AdjustWindowRect(&rtWnd, dwWndStyle, FALSE);// 计算窗口居中的屏幕坐标INT posX = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - rtWnd.right - rtWnd.left) / 2;INT posY = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - rtWnd.bottom - rtWnd.top) / 2;hWnd = CreateWindowW(GRS_WND_CLASS_NAME, GRS_WND_TITLE, dwWndStyle, posX, posY, rtWnd.right - rtWnd.left, rtWnd.bottom - rtWnd.top, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);if (!hWnd){return FALSE;}ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);UpdateWindow(hWnd);}// 打开显示子系统的调试支持{
#if defined(_DEBUG)ComPtr<ID3D12Debug> debugController;if (SUCCEEDED(D3D12GetDebugInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&debugController)))){debugController->EnableDebugLayer();// 打开附加的调试支持nDXGIFactoryFlags |= DXGI_CREATE_FACTORY_DEBUG;}
#endif}// 创建DXGI Factory对象{GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(CreateDXGIFactory2(nDXGIFactoryFlags, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIDXGIFactory5)));// 关闭ALT+ENTER键切换全屏的功能，因为我们没有实现OnSize处理，所以先关闭GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pIDXGIFactory5->MakeWindowAssociation(hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER));}// 枚举适配器，并选择合适的适配器来创建3D设备对象{DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1 stAdapterDesc = {};for (UINT adapterIndex = 0; DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND != pIDXGIFactory5->EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, &pIAdapter1); ++adapterIndex){pIAdapter1->GetDesc1(&stAdapterDesc);if (stAdapterDesc.Flags & DXGI_ADAPTER_FLAG_SOFTWARE){//跳过软件虚拟适配器设备continue;}//检查适配器对D3D支持的兼容级别，这里直接要求支持12.1的能力，注意返回接口的那个参数被置为了nullptr，这样//就不会实际创建一个设备了，也不用我们啰嗦的再调用release来释放接口。这也是一个重要的技巧，请记住！if (SUCCEEDED(D3D12CreateDevice(pIAdapter1.Get(), emFeatureLevel, _uuidof(ID3D12Device), nullptr))){break;}}// 创建D3D12.1的设备GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(D3D12CreateDevice(pIAdapter1.Get(), emFeatureLevel, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pID3D12Device4)));TCHAR pszWndTitle[MAX_PATH] = {};GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pIAdapter1->GetDesc1(&stAdapterDesc));::GetWindowText(hWnd, pszWndTitle, MAX_PATH);StringCchPrintf(pszWndTitle, MAX_PATH, _T("%s (GPU:%s)"), pszWndTitle, stAdapterDesc.Description);::SetWindowText(hWnd, pszWndTitle);}// 创建直接命令队列{D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_DESC stQueueDesc = {};stQueueDesc.Type = D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateCommandQueue(&stQueueDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pICMDQueue)));}// 创建交换链{DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 stSwapChainDesc = {};stSwapChainDesc.BufferCount = nFrameBackBufCount;stSwapChainDesc.Width = iWidth;stSwapChainDesc.Height = iHeight;stSwapChainDesc.Format = emRenderTargetFormat;stSwapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;stSwapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD;stSwapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pIDXGIFactory5->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(pICMDQueue.Get(),		// 交换链需要命令队列，Present命令要执行hWnd,&stSwapChainDesc,nullptr,nullptr,&pISwapChain1));GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pISwapChain1.As(&pISwapChain3));//得到当前后缓冲区的序号，也就是下一个将要呈送显示的缓冲区的序号//注意此处使用了高版本的SwapChain接口的函数nFrameIndex = pISwapChain3->GetCurrentBackBufferIndex();//创建RTV(渲染目标视图)描述符堆(这里堆的含义应当理解为数组或者固定大小元素的固定大小显存池){D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC stRTVHeapDesc = {};stRTVHeapDesc.NumDescriptors = nFrameBackBufCount;stRTVHeapDesc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV;stRTVHeapDesc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateDescriptorHeap(&stRTVHeapDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIRTVHeap)));//得到每个描述符元素的大小nRTVDescriptorSize = pID3D12Device4->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV);}//创建RTV的描述符{D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE stRTVHandle= pIRTVHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();for (UINT i = 0; i < nFrameBackBufCount; i++){GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pISwapChain3->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIARenderTargets[i])));pID3D12Device4->CreateRenderTargetView(pIARenderTargets[i].Get(), nullptr, stRTVHandle);stRTVHandle.ptr += nRTVDescriptorSize;}}}// 创建一个空的根描述符，也就是默认的根描述符{D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC stRootSignatureDesc ={0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT};ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pISignatureBlob;ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pIErrorBlob;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&stRootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &pISignatureBlob, &pIErrorBlob));GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateRootSignature(0, pISignatureBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pISignatureBlob->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIRootSignature)));}// 创建命令列表分配器{GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateCommandAllocator(D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pICMDAlloc)));// 创建图形命令列表GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, pICMDAlloc.Get(), pIPipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&pICMDList)));}// 编译Shader创建渲染管线状态对象{ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pIBlobVertexShader;ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pIBlobPixelShader;#if defined(_DEBUG)//调试状态下，打开Shader编译的调试标志，不优化UINT nCompileFlags =D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG| D3DCOMPILE_SKIP_OPTIMIZATION;
#elseUINT nCompileFlags = 0;
#endifTCHAR pszShaderFileName[MAX_PATH] = {};StringCchPrintf(pszShaderFileName, MAX_PATH, _T("shaders.hlsl"), pszAppPath);GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(D3DCompileFromFile(pszShaderFileName, nullptr, nullptr, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", nCompileFlags, 0, &pIBlobVertexShader, nullptr));GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(D3DCompileFromFile(pszShaderFileName, nullptr, nullptr, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", nCompileFlags, 0, &pIBlobPixelShader, nullptr));// Define the vertex input layout.D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC stInputElementDescs[] ={{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},{"COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 16, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}};// 定义渲染管线状态描述结构，创建渲染管线对象D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC stPSODesc = {};stPSODesc.InputLayout = { stInputElementDescs, _countof(stInputElementDescs) };stPSODesc.pRootSignature = pIRootSignature.Get();stPSODesc.VS.pShaderBytecode = pIBlobVertexShader->GetBufferPointer();stPSODesc.VS.BytecodeLength = pIBlobVertexShader->GetBufferSize();stPSODesc.PS.pShaderBytecode = pIBlobPixelShader->GetBufferPointer();stPSODesc.PS.BytecodeLength = pIBlobPixelShader->GetBufferSize();stPSODesc.RasterizerState.FillMode = D3D12_FILL_MODE_SOLID;stPSODesc.RasterizerState.CullMode = D3D12_CULL_MODE_BACK;stPSODesc.BlendState.AlphaToCoverageEnable = FALSE;stPSODesc.BlendState.IndependentBlendEnable = FALSE;stPSODesc.BlendState.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D12_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL;stPSODesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;stPSODesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;stPSODesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;stPSODesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;stPSODesc.RTVFormats[0] = emRenderTargetFormat;stPSODesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;stPSODesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&stPSODesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIPipelineState)));}// 创建顶点缓冲{// 定义三角形的3D数据结构，每个顶点使用三原色之一GRS_VERTEX stTriangleVertices[] ={{ { 0.0f, 0.25f * fTrangleSize, 0.0f ,1.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },{ { 0.25f * fTrangleSize, -0.25f * fTrangleSize, 0.0f ,1.0f  }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },{ { -0.25f * fTrangleSize, -0.25f * fTrangleSize, 0.0f  ,1.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } }};const UINT nVertexBufferSize = sizeof(stTriangleVertices);D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES stHeapProp = { D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD };D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC stResSesc = {};stResSesc.Dimension = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER;stResSesc.Layout = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR;stResSesc.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE;stResSesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;stResSesc.Width = nVertexBufferSize;stResSesc.Height = 1;stResSesc.DepthOrArraySize = 1;stResSesc.MipLevels = 1;stResSesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;stResSesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateCommittedResource(&stHeapProp,D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,&stResSesc,D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,nullptr,IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIVertexBuffer)));UINT8* pVertexDataBegin = nullptr;D3D12_RANGE stReadRange = { 0, 0 };GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pIVertexBuffer->Map(0, &stReadRange, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pVertexDataBegin)));memcpy(pVertexDataBegin, stTriangleVertices, sizeof(stTriangleVertices));pIVertexBuffer->Unmap(0, nullptr);stVertexBufferView.BufferLocation = pIVertexBuffer->GetGPUVirtualAddress();stVertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = sizeof(GRS_VERTEX);stVertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = nVertexBufferSize;}// 创建一个同步对象——围栏，用于等待渲染完成，因为现在Draw Call是异步的了{GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pID3D12Device4->CreateFence(0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pIFence)));n64FenceValue = 1;// 创建一个Event同步对象，用于等待围栏事件通知hEventFence = CreateEvent(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);if (hEventFence == nullptr){GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));}}// 填充资源屏障结构D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER stBeginResBarrier = {};stBeginResBarrier.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;stBeginResBarrier.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE;stBeginResBarrier.Transition.pResource = pIARenderTargets[nFrameIndex].Get();stBeginResBarrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;stBeginResBarrier.Transition.StateAfter = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;stBeginResBarrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER stEndResBarrier = {};stEndResBarrier.Type = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION;stEndResBarrier.Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE;stEndResBarrier.Transition.pResource = pIARenderTargets[nFrameIndex].Get();stEndResBarrier.Transition.StateBefore = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET;stEndResBarrier.Transition.StateAfter = D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT;stEndResBarrier.Transition.Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES;D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE stRTVHandle = pIRTVHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();DWORD dwRet = 0;BOOL bExit = FALSE;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pICMDList->Close());SetEvent(hEventFence);// 开始消息循环，并在其中不断渲染while (!bExit){dwRet = ::MsgWaitForMultipleObjects(1, &hEventFence, FALSE, INFINITE, QS_ALLINPUT);switch (dwRet - WAIT_OBJECT_0){case 0:{//获取新的后缓冲序号，因为Present真正完成时后缓冲的序号就更新了nFrameIndex = pISwapChain3->GetCurrentBackBufferIndex();//命令分配器先Reset一下GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pICMDAlloc->Reset());//Reset命令列表，并重新指定命令分配器和PSO对象GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pICMDList->Reset(pICMDAlloc.Get(), pIPipelineState.Get()));//开始记录命令pICMDList->SetGraphicsRootSignature(pIRootSignature.Get());pICMDList->SetPipelineState(pIPipelineState.Get());pICMDList->RSSetViewports(1, &stViewPort);pICMDList->RSSetScissorRects(1, &stScissorRect);// 通过资源屏障判定后缓冲已经切换完毕可以开始渲染了stBeginResBarrier.Transition.pResource = pIARenderTargets[nFrameIndex].Get();pICMDList->ResourceBarrier(1, &stBeginResBarrier);stRTVHandle = pIRTVHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();stRTVHandle.ptr += nFrameIndex * nRTVDescriptorSize;//设置渲染目标pICMDList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &stRTVHandle, FALSE, nullptr);// 继续记录命令，并真正开始新一帧的渲染pICMDList->ClearRenderTargetView(stRTVHandle, faClearColor, 0, nullptr);pICMDList->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLESTRIP);pICMDList->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &stVertexBufferView);//Draw Call！！！pICMDList->DrawInstanced(3, 1, 0, 0);//又一个资源屏障，用于确定渲染已经结束可以提交画面去显示了stEndResBarrier.Transition.pResource = pIARenderTargets[nFrameIndex].Get();pICMDList->ResourceBarrier(1, &stEndResBarrier);//关闭命令列表，可以去执行了GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pICMDList->Close());//执行命令列表ID3D12CommandList* ppCommandLists[] = { pICMDList.Get() };pICMDQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(_countof(ppCommandLists), ppCommandLists);//提交画面GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pISwapChain3->Present(1, 0));//开始同步GPU与CPU的执行，先记录围栏标记值const UINT64 n64CurrentFenceValue = n64FenceValue;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pICMDQueue->Signal(pIFence.Get(), n64CurrentFenceValue));n64FenceValue++;GRS_THROW_IF_FAILED(pIFence->SetEventOnCompletion(n64CurrentFenceValue, hEventFence));}break;case 1:{//处理消息while (::PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){if (WM_QUIT != msg.message){::TranslateMessage(&msg);::DispatchMessage(&msg);}else{bExit = TRUE;}}}break;case WAIT_TIMEOUT:{}break;default:break;}}}catch (CGRSCOMException& e){//发生了COM异常e;}return 0;
}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{switch (message){case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);break;default:return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);}return 0;
}

渲染结果如图所示：