scrapy框架手动请求发送练习之爬取古诗文网论语全篇

scrapy框架手动请求发送 练习代码

• 爬取古诗文网论语全篇
• url: https://so.gushiwen.org/guwen/book_46653FD803893E4F75696240258265D2.aspx

setting配置

# Scrapy settings for handReqPro project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'handReqPro'SPIDER_MODULES = ['handReqPro.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'handReqPro.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'handReqPro (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = FalseLOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'handReqPro.middlewares.HandreqproSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'handReqPro.middlewares.HandreqproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'handReqPro.pipelines.HandreqproPipeline': 300,
}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

hand.py

import scrapy
from handReqPro.items import HandreqproItemclass HandSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'hand'# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']start_urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/guwen/bookv_46653FD803893E4F699E8628DEAEE3C0.aspx']page = 2path = '//*[@class="bookvmiddle"]/a[%d]/@href'def parse(self, response):p_list = response.xpath('//p/text()').extract()p_title = response.xpath('//b/text()').extract()item = HandreqproItem()item['title'] = p_titleitem['p'] = p_listyield item# print(1)new_path = format(self.path%self.page)self.page = 3try:new_url = response.xpath(new_path).extract()except BaseException:print('爬取失败！')else:if len(new_url):print(new_url)yield scrapy.Request(url=new_url[0],callback=self.parse)else:print('爬取完毕！')

item.py

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass HandreqproItem(scrapy.Item):# define the fields for your item here like:# name = scrapy.Field()title = scrapy.Field()p = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapterclass HandreqproPipeline:fp = Nonedef open_spider(self, spider):# print('我只会在开始时执行一次')self.fp = open('./论语.docx','w',encoding='utf-8')def close_spider(self, spider):# print('我只会在结束的时候执行一次')self.fp.close()def process_item(self, item, spider):p_str = ''.join(item['p'])# print(p_str)title = item['title']print(title[0])self.fp.write(title[0]+':'+p_str+'\n\n\n')return item

效果展示

• 在目录下输入命令

scrapy crawl hand

• 终端出现如下结果
  
  
• 看看保存在本地的文件效果
• 保存为word文件
  

效果还不错

初学爬虫，欢迎交流学习！