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《通过DockerCompose部署MySQL的详细教程》DockerCompose作为Docker官方的容器编排工具,为MySQL数据库部署带来了显著优势,下面小编就来为大家详细介绍一...
一、Docker Compose 部署 MySQL 的优势
Docker Compose 作为 Docker 官方的容器编排工具，为 MySQL 数据库部署带来了显著优势：
声明式配置管理：所有服务参数通过 YAML 文件集中定义，避免了复杂的命令行参数
多服务协同：轻松实现 MySQL 与 Web 应用、缓存等服务的集成部署
环境一致性：开发、测试、生产环境使用相同配置，消除环境差异问题
快速重建：一键完成服务停止、重建和启动，简化维护流程
版本控制友好：docker-compose.yml 文件可纳入 Git 等版本控制系统管理
二、环境准备与基础配置
2.1 项目目录结构
推荐的标准目录布局：
mysql-project/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── config/
│ └── my.cnf
├── data/
│ └── mysql/
├── initdb/
│ └── init.sql
└── .env
2.2 基础 docker-compose.yml
version: "3.8" services: mysql: php image: mysql:8.0 environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword MYSQL_DATABASE: appdb MYSQL_USER: appuser MYSQL_PASSWORD: userpass ports: - "3306:3306" volumes: - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql - ./config/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf - ./initdb:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d restart: unless-stopped
三、生产环境部署方案
3.1 完整配置示例
version: "3.8"
services:
mysql:
image: mysql:8.0
container_name: production_mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWOpythonRD: ${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD}
MYSQL_DATABASE: ${DB_NAME}
MYSQL_USER: ${DB_USER}
MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
TZ: Asia/Shanghai
ports:
- "${DB_PORT}:3306"
volumes:
- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
- ./config/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf:ro
- ./backups:/backups
networks:
- backend
deploy:
resources:
limits:
cpus: "2"
memory: 2G
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
interval: 10s
timeout: 5s
retries: 3
volumes:
mysql_data:
driver: local
driver_opts:
type: none
device: ./data/mysql
o: bind
networks:
backend:
driver: bridge3.2 环境变量文件(.env)
DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=your_strong_root_password DB_NAME=production_db DB_USER=app_user DB_PASSWORD=your_app_user_password DB_PORT=3306
四、高级配置技巧
4.1 主从复制配置
services:
mysql-masChina编程ter:
image: mysql:8.0
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: masterpass
MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER: repl_user
MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD: repl_pass
command:
- --server-id=1
- --log-bin=mysql-bin
- --binlog-format=ROW
volumes:
- master_data:/var/lib/mysql
networks:
- mysql-cluster
mysql-slave:
image: mysql:8.0
depends_on:
- mysql-master
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: slavepass
MYSQL_MASTER_HOST: mysql-master
MYSQL_MASTER_USER: repl_user
MYSQL_MASTER_PASSWORD: repl_pass
command:
- --server-id=2
volumes:
- slave_data:/var/lib/mysql
networks:
- mysqhttp://www.chinasem.cnl-cluster
volumes:
master_data:
slave_data:
networks:
mysql-cluster:
driver: bridge4.2 多环境配置管理
base-compose.yml:
services:
mysql:
image: mysql:${MYSQL_VERSION:-8.0}
volumes:
- ${DATA_VOLUME:-mysql_data}:/var/lib/mysql
docker-compose.prod.yml:
services:
mysql:
extends:
file: base-compose.yml
service: mysql
environment:
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=${PROD_DB_PASSWORD}
deploy:
resources:
limits:
memory: 4G
五、安全加固方案
5.1 安全配置示例
services:
mysql:
image: mysql:8.0
user: "999:999"
cap_drop:
- ALL
security_opt:
- no-new-privileges:true
environment:
- MYSQL_SECURE_TRANSPORT=ON
- MYSQL_SSL=ON
volumes:
- ./ssl:/etc/mysql/ssl
5.2 网络隔离
networks:
internal:
internal: true
external:
driver: bridge
services:
mysql:
networks:
- internal
app:
networks:
- internal
- external
六、备份与恢复方案
6.1 备份服务配置
services:
mysql:
# ...原有配置...
volumes:
- ./backups:/backups
backup:
image: mysql:8.0
depends_on:
- mysql
volumes:
- ./backups:/backups
command: >
sh -c 'while true; do
sleep 86400;
mysqldump -h mysql -u root -p$$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD --all-databases | gzip > /backups/backup_$$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz;
done'
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD}6.2 恢复流程
停止服务：
docker-compose stop mysql
恢复数据：
docker-compose run --rm mysql bash -c "gunzip < /backups/backup_20230101.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD}"
七、性能优化建议
7.1 资源限制与调优
services:
mysql:
deploy:
resources:
limits:
cpus: "4"
memory: 8G
environment:
- MYSQL_INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_SIZE=4G
- MYSQL_INNODB_LOG_FILE_SIZE=1G
- MYSQL_TABLE_OPEN_CACHE=4000
- MYSQL_MAX_CONNECTIONS=500
7.2 监控集成
services:
mysql:
environment:
- MYSQL_PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA=ON
labels:
- "prometheus.monitoring=true"
prometheus:
image: prom/prometheus
ports:
- "9090:9090"
volumes:
- ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
八、日常运维管理
8.1 常用命令
启动服务：
docker-compose up -d
查看日志：
docker-compose logs -f mysql
执行备份：
docker-compose exec mysql mysqldump -u root -p${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD} --all-databases > backup.sql
8.2 版本升级流程
备份数据
修改 docker-compose.yml 中的镜像版本
执行更新：
docker-compose pull mysql docker-compose up -d --force-recreate mysql
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