本文主要是介绍11--kubernetes的Ingress应用,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
前言:本章主要记录ingress暴露服务方式,会详细解释其原理及两种网络模式应用实操。
1、Ingress概念详解
Kubernetes 暴露服务的方式目前只有三种:LoadBlancer Service、NodePort Service、Ingress,Service属于4层负载均衡,而本章的ingress属于7层负载均衡。
要理解 Ingress,需要区分两个概念:Ingress(类似老板角色) 和 Ingress-Controller(类似职工角色)。
Ingress 对象: 这是 Kubernetes 中的一个 API 对象/资源对象,用 YAML文件 配置。它定义了请求如何转发到 Service 的规则,可以理解为配置模板。
Ingress-Controller: 这是具体实现反向代理和负载均衡的程序。它解析 Ingress 定义的规则,并根据配置转发请求。
简而言之,Ingress-Controller 负责实际的请求转发,并通过多种方式暴露在集群入口。外部请求首先到达 Ingress-Controller,而 Ingress 对象则告知 Ingress-Controller 如何转发请求,如哪些域名和路径转发到哪些服务。
Service 在第四层传输层(TCP/IP 层)以 IP:PORT 形式存在,对于不同的 URL 地址,可能需要不同的后端服务或虚拟服务器。这种应用层的转发机制通过 Kubernetes 的 Service 机制无法实现,此时可以使用 Ingress 策略和具体的 Ingress-Controller。Ingress 提供七层负载均衡能力(当然也无法脱离4层存在),如外部可访问的 URL、负载均衡、SSL、基于名称的虚拟主机等。在集群流量接入层,Ingress 的高可用性至关重要。
Kubernetes 并没有自带 Ingress Controller,实际上ingress-controller只是一个统称,具体实现有多种,需要自己单独安装,目前,由k8s维护的ingress-controller只有google云的GCE与ingress-nginx两个,常用的是 Ingress-nginx Controller(基于nginx七层反向代理来实现)。
Ingress 一般由三个组件组成:
- Nginx 反向代理负载均衡器(干活用的工具):负责实际的请求转发和负载均衡。
- Ingress Controller(员工):作为控制器,与 Kubernetes API 交互,实时获取后端 Service 和 Pod 的变化(如新增或删除)。它结合 Ingress 定义的规则生成配置,动态更新 Nginx 负载均衡器,并使配置生效,实现服务自动发现。
- Ingress(老板):定义请求转发规则。通过 YAML 文件配置,指定某个域名的请求如何转发到集群中的指定 Service。可以为一个或多个 Service 定义一个或多个 Ingress 规则。
2、Ingress部署实战
2.1、部署 Ingress-Controller(Nginx)
下载Ingress控制器:
网盘链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Y3eB-4OXeoOQp1AVoaXdYw?pwd=tfdm 提取码: tfdm
github地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/archive/nginx-0.30.0.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# wget https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/archive/nginx-0.30.0.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# tar -zxvf ingress-nginx-nginx-0.30.0.tar.gz -C /mnt/
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /mnt/ingress-nginx-nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/
[root@k8s-master1 static]# ls
configmap.yaml mandatory.yaml namespace.yaml provider rbac.yaml with-rbac.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 static]# mkdir /root/ingress
[root@k8s-master1 static]# cp mandatory.yaml /root/ingress
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /root/ingress
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /root/ingress
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim mandatory.yaml
修改详情如下(修改后的文件网盘连接内有)
1、修改pod控制器为daemonset
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet #修改
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-controllernamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:#replicas: 1 #注释掉selector:matchLabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx2、宿主机网络共享,注释掉node标签选择spec:# wait up to five minutes for the drain of connectionsterminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300hostNetwork: true #添加宿主机网络共享serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount#nodeSelector:#kubernetes.io/os: linux #这两行注释掉这里不注释的话需要使用
kubectl label nodes k8s-node1 kubernetes.io/os: linux=true为node节点添加标签3、修改镜像为阿里镜像(直接拉取也可以,但网络不稳定,成功拉取后记得上传到本地仓库)
#image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
image: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/k8s_module_images/kubernetes-ingress-controller-nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
此处一般会有警告提示修改api版本,忽略的话不影响后续使用
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-f6brt 1/1 Running 0 2m30s
nginx-ingress-controller-jbst2 1/1 Running 0 2m30s
此时Ingress-Controller部署完毕
2.2、部署web应用
这里选用http和nginx两个作为两种不同的web服务器,这里使用hostnetwork网络方式,所以部署的svc是默认的clusterip
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim my-apache.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat my-apache.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: my-apache
spec:selector:matchLabels:run: my-apachereplicas: 2template:metadata:labels:run: my-apachespec:containers:- name: my-apacheimage: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/liumuquan_app/httpd:2.4-alpine3.17ports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: my-apachelabels:run: my-apache
spec:#type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 80#nodePort: 30001selector:run: my-apache
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim my-nginx.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat my-nginx.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: my-nginx
spec:selector:matchLabels:run: my-nginxreplicas: 2template:metadata:labels:run: my-nginxspec:containers:- name: my-nginximage: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/liumuquan_app/nginx:1.12.0-alpineports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: my-nginxlabels:run: my-nginx
spec:#type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 80#nodePort: 30002selector:run: my-nginx
创建两个web服务
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f my-apache.yaml
deployment.apps/my-apache created
service/my-apache created
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f my-nginx.yaml
deployment.apps/my-nginx created
service/my-nginx created
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-apache-764b8f49c5-g6hl6 1/1 Running 0 23s 10.244.1.60 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
my-apache-764b8f49c5-t5ndt 1/1 Running 0 23s 10.244.2.45 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
my-nginx-5c49645686-rm6h8 1/1 Running 0 19s 10.244.1.61 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
my-nginx-5c49645686-z7g82 1/1 Running 0 19s 10.244.2.46 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get endpoints
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
cluster.local-nfs-redis-nfs-client-provisioner <none> 2d23h
kubernetes 192.168.188.101:6443 23d
my-apache 10.244.1.60:80,10.244.2.45:80 34s
my-nginx 10.244.1.61:80,10.244.2.46:80 30s
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 23d
my-apache ClusterIP 10.96.232.117 <none> 80/TCP 39s
my-nginx ClusterIP 10.99.230.106 <none> 80/TCP 35s
web服务创建完成
2.3、配置ingress规则
1)宿主机网络模式 hostNetwork: true
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim ingress-test.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat ingress-test.yaml
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: test-ingressnamespace: defaultannotations:nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:rules: #定义转发规则- host: www.apache111.com #指定域名方式http:paths:- path: / #指定访问的路径pathType: Prefix #定义路径的类型backend: #定义转发后端的服务service: #定义转发的servicename: my-apacheport:number: 80 #由于Ingress控制器开启了hostNetwork: true。且clusterip的配置这里必须设置80- host: www.nginx222.comhttp:paths:- path: /pathType: Prefixbackend:service:name: my-nginxport:number: 80
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-test.yaml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/test-ingress created
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get ingress
Warning: extensions/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.14+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
test-ingress <none> www.apache111.com,www.nginx222.com 80 8s
配置物理机解析
windows电脑:
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts内添加
192.168.188.102 k8s-node1 www.apache111.com www.nginx222.com
192.168.188.103 k8s-node2 www.apache111.com www.nginx222.com
使用物理机浏览器访问
2)修改网络模式为nodeport
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl delete -f ingress-test.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl delete -f my-apache.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl delete -f my-nginx.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl delete -f mandatory.yaml
ingress-controller配置如下
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim ingress-controller.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat ingress-controller.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: nginx-configurationnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: tcp-servicesnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: udp-servicesnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccountnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-clusterrolelabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmaps- endpoints- nodes- pods- secretsverbs:- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- servicesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- eventsverbs:- create- patch- apiGroups:- "extensions"- "networking.k8s.io"resources:- ingressesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- "extensions"- "networking.k8s.io"resources:- ingresses/statusverbs:- update---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-rolenamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmaps- pods- secrets- namespacesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmapsresourceNames:# Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"# Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"# This has to be adapted if you change either parameter# when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.- "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"verbs:- get- update- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmapsverbs:- create- apiGroups:- ""resources:- endpointsverbs:- get---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-bindingnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: nginx-ingress-serviceaccountnamespace: ingress-nginx---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-bindinglabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: nginx-ingress-serviceaccountnamespace: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: apps/v1
#kind: DaemonSet
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-ingress-controllernamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxannotations:prometheus.io/port: "10254"prometheus.io/scrape: "true"spec:# wait up to five minutes for the drain of connectionsterminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
# hostNetwork: true # 关闭此网络模式serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
# nodeSelector:
# custom/ingress-controller-ready: "true"
# kubernetes.io/os: linuxcontainers:- name: nginx-ingress-controllerimage: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/k8s_module_images/kubernetes-ingress-controller-nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 args:- /nginx-ingress-controller- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.iosecurityContext:allowPrivilegeEscalation: truecapabilities:drop:- ALLadd:- NET_BIND_SERVICE# www-data -> 101runAsUser: 101env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespaceports:- name: httpcontainerPort: 80protocol: TCP- name: httpscontainerPort: 443protocol: TCPlivenessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 10readinessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPperiodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 10lifecycle:preStop:exec:command:- /wait-shutdown---apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:name: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:limits:- min:memory: 90Micpu: 100mtype: Container
创建ingress-controller
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-controller.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-7b5d6f74c7-sxm7l 1/1 Running 0 85s
nginx-ingress-controller-7b5d6f74c7-tqpgl 1/1 Running 0 85s
修改web-pod文件svc为nodeport方式
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim my-apache.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat my-apache.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: my-apache
spec:selector:matchLabels:run: my-apachereplicas: 2template:metadata:labels:run: my-apachespec:containers:- name: my-apacheimage: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/liumuquan_app/httpd:2.4-alpine3.17ports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: my-apachelabels:run: my-apache
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 80nodePort: 30001selector:run: my-apache
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# vim my-nginx.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# cat my-nginx.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: my-nginx
spec:selector:matchLabels:run: my-nginxreplicas: 2template:metadata:labels:run: my-nginxspec:containers:- name: my-nginximage: registry.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com/liumuquan_app/nginx:1.12.0-alpineports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: my-nginxlabels:run: my-nginx
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 80nodePort: 30002selector:run: my-nginx
创建webpod和svc
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f my-apache.yaml
deployment.apps/my-apache created
service/my-apache created
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f my-nginx.yaml
deployment.apps/my-nginx created
service/my-nginx created
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-apache-764b8f49c5-5bgdb 1/1 Running 0 19s
my-apache-764b8f49c5-ck4vl 1/1 Running 0 19s
my-nginx-5c49645686-7csv8 1/1 Running 0 15s
my-nginx-5c49645686-ptxhv 1/1 Running 0 15s
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 23d
my-apache NodePort 10.105.128.125 <none> 80:30001/TCP 22s
my-nginx NodePort 10.99.184.224 <none> 80:30002/TCP 18s
ingress无需修改
[root@k8s-master1 ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-test.yaml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/test-ingress created
此时物理机访问需要添加nodeport暴露的端口号才能正常访问
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