本文主要是介绍HttpClient的快速入门使用,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
目录
一、介绍
二、Get方式请求发送入门案例
实现步骤:
测试结果:
三、Post方式请求发送入门案例
实现步骤:
测试结果:
一、介绍
HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
HttpClient作用:
发送HTTP请求
接收响应数据
为什么要在Java程序中发送Http请求?有哪些应用场景呢?
HttpClient应用场景:
当我们在使用扫描支付、查看地图、获取验证码、查看天气等功能时
其实,应用程序本身并未实现这些功能,都是在应用程序里访问提供这些功能的服务,访问这些服务需要发送HTTP请求,并且接收响应数据,可通过HttpClient来实现。
HttpClient的maven坐标:
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.13</version> </dependency>
HttpClient的核心API:
HttpClient:Http客户端对象类型,使用该类型对象可发起Http请求。
HttpClients:可认为是构建器,可创建HttpClient对象。
CloseableHttpClient:实现类,实现了HttpClient接口。
HttpGet:Get方式请求类型。
HttpPost:Post方式请求类型。
HttpClient发送请求步骤:
创建HttpClient对象
创建Http请求对象
调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求
二、Get方式请求发送入门案例
首先,应该导入HttpClient相关的坐标,但在项目中,就算不导入,也可以使用相关的API。
因为在项目中已经引入了aliyun-sdk-oss坐标:
<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId> </dependency>
实现步骤:
创建HttpClient对象
创建请求对象
发送请求,接受响应结果
解析结果
关闭资源
@SpringBootTest public class HttpClientTest {/*** 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求*/@Testpublic void testGET() throws Exception{//创建httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();//创建请求对象HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");//发送请求,接受响应结果CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);//获取服务端返回的状态码int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为:" + statusCode);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为:" + body);//关闭资源response.close();httpClient.close();} }
在访问http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status请求时,需要提前启动项目
测试结果:
三、Post方式请求发送入门案例
实现步骤:
创建HttpClient对象
创建请求对象
发送请求,接收响应结果
解析响应结果
关闭资源
/*** 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求*/@Testpublic void testPOST() throws Exception{// 创建httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();//创建请求对象HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();jsonObject.put("username","admin");jsonObject.put("password","123456");StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());//指定请求编码方式entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");//数据格式entity.setContentType("application/json");httpPost.setEntity(entity);//发送请求CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);//解析返回结果int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();System.out.println("响应码为:" + statusCode);HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);System.out.println("响应数据为:" + body);//关闭资源response.close();httpClient.close();}
测试结果:
四、集合好的工具类
/*** Http工具类*/
public class HttpClientUtil {static final int TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5 * 1000;/*** 发送GET方式请求* @param url* @param paramMap* @return*/public static String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> paramMap){// 创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();String result = "";CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try{URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);if(paramMap != null){for (String key : paramMap.keySet()) {builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));}}URI uri = builder.build();//创建GET请求HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);//发送请求response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);//判断响应状态if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {response.close();httpClient.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/*** 发送POST方式请求* @param url* @param paramMap* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {// 创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();CloseableHttpResponse response = null;String resultString = "";try {// 创建Http Post请求HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);// 创建参数列表if (paramMap != null) {List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList();for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));}// 模拟表单UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);httpPost.setEntity(entity);}httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());// 执行http请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");} catch (Exception e) {throw e;} finally {try {response.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return resultString;}/*** 发送POST方式请求* @param url* @param paramMap* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String doPost4Json(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {// 创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();CloseableHttpResponse response = null;String resultString = "";try {// 创建Http Post请求HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);if (paramMap != null) {//构造json格式数据JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());}StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"utf-8");//设置请求编码entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");//设置数据类型entity.setContentType("application/json");httpPost.setEntity(entity);}httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());// 执行http请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");} catch (Exception e) {throw e;} finally {try {response.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return resultString;}private static RequestConfig builderRequestConfig() {return RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();}}
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