本文主要是介绍Junit使用教程(四),希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
一、会用Spring测试套件的好处
在开发基于Spring的应用时,如果你还直接使用Junit进行单元测试,那你就错过了Spring为我们所提供的饕餮大餐了。使用Junit直接进行单元测试有以下四大不足:
1)导致多次Spring容器初始化问题
根据JUnit测试方法的调用流程,每执行一个测试方法都会创建一个测试用例的实例并调用setUp()方法。由于一般情况下,我们在setUp()方法中初始化Spring容器,这意味着如果测试用例有多少个测试方法,Spring容器就会被重复初始化多次。虽然初始化Spring容器的速度并不会太慢,但由于可能会在Spring容器初始化时执行加载Hibernate映射文件等耗时的操作,如果每执行一个测试方法都必须重复初始化Spring容器,则对测试性能的影响是不容忽视的;
使用Spring测试套件,Spring容器只会初始化一次
2)需要使用硬编码方式手工获取Bean
在测试用例类中我们需要通过ctx.getBean()方法从Spirng容器中获取需要测试的目标Bean,并且还要进行强制类型转换的造型操作。这种乏味的操作迷漫在测试用例的代码中,让人觉得烦琐不堪;
使用Spring测试套件,测试用例类中的属性会被自动填充Spring容器的对应Bean,无须在手工设置Bean!
3)数据库现场容易遭受破坏
测试方法对数据库的更改操作会持久化到数据库中。虽然是针对开发数据库进行操作,但如果数据操作的影响是持久的,可能会影响到后面的测试行为。举个例子,用户在测试方法中插入一条ID为1的User记录,第一次运行不会有问题,第二次运行时,就会因为主键冲突而导致测试用例失败。所以应该既能够完成功能逻辑检查,又能够在测试完成后恢复现场,不会留下“后遗症”;
使用Spring测试套件,Spring会在你验证后,自动回滚对数据库的操作,保证数据库的现场不被破坏,因此重复测试不会发生问题!
4)不方便对数据操作正确性进行检查
假如我们向登录日志表插入了一条成功登录日志,可是我们却没有对t_login_log表中是否确实添加了一条记录进行检查。一般情况下,我们可能是打开数据库,肉眼观察是否插入了相应的记录,但这严重违背了自动测试的原则。试想在测试包括成千上万个数据操作行为的程序时,如何用肉眼进行检查?
只要你继承Spring的测试套件的用例类,你就可以通过jdbcTemplate(或Dao等)在同一事务中访问数据库,查询数据的变化,验证操作的正确性!
Spring提供了一套扩展于Junit测试用例的测试套件,使用这套测试套件完全解决了以上四个问题,让我们测试Spring的应用更加方便。这个测试套件主要由org.springframework.test包下的若干类组成,使用简单快捷,方便上手。
二、使用方法
1)基本用法
- package com.test;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
- public class UserServiceTest {
- @Resource
- private IUserService userService;
- @Test
- public void testAddOpinion1() {
- userService.downloadCount(1);
- System.out.println(1);
- }
- @Test
- public void testAddOpinion2() {
- userService.downloadCount(2);
- System.out.println(2);
- }
- }
package com.test;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
public class UserServiceTest {@Resourceprivate IUserService userService;@Testpublic void testAddOpinion1() {userService.downloadCount(1);System.out.println(1);}@Testpublic void testAddOpinion2() {userService.downloadCount(2);System.out.println(2);}
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 用于配置spring中测试的环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })用于指定配置文件所在的位置
@Resource注入Spring容器Bean对象,注意与@Autowired区别
2)事务用法
- package com.test;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
- import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
- @Transactional
- @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
- //@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)
- public class UserServiceTest {
- @Resource
- private IUserService userService;
- @Test
- // @Transactional
- public void testAddOpinion1() {
- userService.downloadCount(1);
- System.out.println(1);
- }
- @Test
- @Rollback(false)
- public void testAddOpinion2() {
- userService.downloadCount(2);
- System.out.println(2);
- }
- }
package com.test;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)
public class UserServiceTest {@Resourceprivate IUserService userService;@Test
// @Transactionalpublic void testAddOpinion1() {userService.downloadCount(1);System.out.println(1);}@Test@Rollback(false)public void testAddOpinion2() {userService.downloadCount(2);System.out.println(2);}
}
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="transactionManager")读取Spring配置文件中名为transactionManager的事务配置,defaultRollback为事务回滚默认设置。该注解是可选的,可使用@Transactional与@Rollback配合完成事务管理。当然也可以使用@Transactional与@TransactionConfiguration配合。
@Transactional开启事务。可放到类或方法上,类上作用于所有方法。
@Rollback事务回滚配置。只能放到方法上。
3)继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests
- package com.test;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
- import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
- @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
- public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
- @Resource
- private IUserService userService;
- @Test
- public void testAddOpinion1() {
- userService.downloadCount(1);
- System.out.println(1);
- }
- @Test
- public void testAddOpinion2() {
- userService.downloadCount(2);
- System.out.println(2);
- }
- }
package com.test;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {@Resourceprivate IUserService userService;@Testpublic void testAddOpinion1() {userService.downloadCount(1);System.out.println(1);}@Testpublic void testAddOpinion2() {userService.downloadCount(2);System.out.println(2);}
}
AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests:这个类为我们解决了在web.xml中配置OpenSessionInview所解决的session生命周期延长的问题,所以要继承这个类。该类已经在类级别预先配置了好了事物支持,因此不必再配置@Transactional和@RunWith
4)继承
- package com.test;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
- import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
- @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
- public class BaseTestCase extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
- }
package com.test;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
public class BaseTestCase extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {}
- package com.test;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
- public class UserServiceTest extends BaseTestCase {
- @Resource
- private IUserService userService;
- @Test
- public void testAddOpinion1() {
- userService.downloadCount(1);
- System.out.println(1);
- }
- @Test
- @Rollback(false)
- public void testAddOpinion2() {
- userService.downloadCount(2);
- System.out.println(2);
- }
- }
package com.test;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;public class UserServiceTest extends BaseTestCase {@Resourceprivate IUserService userService;@Testpublic void testAddOpinion1() {userService.downloadCount(1);System.out.println(1);}@Test@Rollback(false)public void testAddOpinion2() {userService.downloadCount(2);System.out.println(2);}
}
5)综合
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @ContextConfiguration
- @TransactionConfiguration
- @Transactional
- public class PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
- final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest.class);
- protected static int SIZE = 2;
- protected static Integer ID = new Integer(1);
- protected static String FIRST_NAME = "Joe";
- protected static String LAST_NAME = "Smith";
- protected static String CHANGED_LAST_NAME = "Jackson";
- @Autowired
- protected PersonDao personDao = null;
- /**
- * Tests that the size and first record match what is expected before the transaction.
- */
- @BeforeTransaction
- public void beforeTransaction() {
- testPerson(true, LAST_NAME);
- }
- /**
- * Tests person table and changes the first records last name.
- */
- @Test
- public void testHibernateTemplate() throws SQLException {
- assertNotNull("Person DAO is null.", personDao);
- Collection<Person> lPersons = personDao.findPersons();
- assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersons);
- assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersons.size());
- for (Person person : lPersons) {
- assertNotNull("Person is null.", person);
- if (ID.equals(person.getId())) {
- assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, person.getFirstName());
- assertEquals("Person last name should be " + LAST_NAME + ".", LAST_NAME, person.getLastName());
- person.setLastName(CHANGED_LAST_NAME);
- personDao.save(person);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * Tests that the size and first record match what is expected after the transaction.
- */
- @AfterTransaction
- public void afterTransaction() {
- testPerson(false, LAST_NAME);
- }
- /**
- * Tests person table.
- */
- protected void testPerson(boolean beforeTransaction, String matchLastName) {
- List<Map<String, Object>> lPersonMaps = simpleJdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT * FROM PERSON");
- assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersonMaps);
- assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersonMaps.size());
- Map<String, Object> hPerson = lPersonMaps.get(0);
- logger.debug((beforeTransaction ? "Before" : "After") + " transaction. " + hPerson.toString());
- Integer id = (Integer) hPerson.get("ID");
- String firstName = (String) hPerson.get("FIRST_NAME");
- String lastName = (String) hPerson.get("LAST_NAME");
- if (ID.equals(id)) {
- assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, firstName);
- assertEquals("Person last name should be " + matchLastName + ".", matchLastName, lastName);
- }
- }
- }
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
@TransactionConfiguration
@Transactional
public class PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest.class);protected static int SIZE = 2;protected static Integer ID = new Integer(1);protected static String FIRST_NAME = "Joe";protected static String LAST_NAME = "Smith";protected static String CHANGED_LAST_NAME = "Jackson";@Autowiredprotected PersonDao personDao = null;/*** Tests that the size and first record match what is expected before the transaction.*/@BeforeTransactionpublic void beforeTransaction() {testPerson(true, LAST_NAME);}/*** Tests person table and changes the first records last name.*/@Testpublic void testHibernateTemplate() throws SQLException {assertNotNull("Person DAO is null.", personDao);Collection<Person> lPersons = personDao.findPersons();assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersons);assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersons.size());for (Person person : lPersons) {assertNotNull("Person is null.", person);if (ID.equals(person.getId())) {assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, person.getFirstName());assertEquals("Person last name should be " + LAST_NAME + ".", LAST_NAME, person.getLastName());person.setLastName(CHANGED_LAST_NAME);personDao.save(person);}}}/*** Tests that the size and first record match what is expected after the transaction.*/@AfterTransactionpublic void afterTransaction() {testPerson(false, LAST_NAME);}/*** Tests person table.*/protected void testPerson(boolean beforeTransaction, String matchLastName) {List<Map<String, Object>> lPersonMaps = simpleJdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT * FROM PERSON");assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersonMaps);assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersonMaps.size());Map<String, Object> hPerson = lPersonMaps.get(0);logger.debug((beforeTransaction ? "Before" : "After") + " transaction. " + hPerson.toString());Integer id = (Integer) hPerson.get("ID");String firstName = (String) hPerson.get("FIRST_NAME");String lastName = (String) hPerson.get("LAST_NAME");if (ID.equals(id)) {assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, firstName);assertEquals("Person last name should be " + matchLastName + ".", matchLastName, lastName);}}}
@BeforeTransaction在事务之前执行
@AfterTransaction在事务之后执行
@NotTransactional不开启事务
好了,本篇作为Junit补充就说到这里了,希望大家多多分享经验哦。
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