【Python】selenium实现滚动条滑动效果

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封装自动化方法：selenuimtools.py

from selenium.common import TimeoutException, InvalidArgumentException, JavascriptException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import tools.log as Log
from tools.log import MyException
from time import sleep
# selenuim 自动化方法脚本
# 封装组件相关操作
class ElementOperate:def __init__(self, driver, find_timeout: float = 5, sleep_time: float = 1.5):self.driver = driver# 等待组件最长时间self.find_timeout = find_timeout# 操作之间的间隔时间self.sleepT = sleep_time# 获取组件def find_element(self, find_type, element: str) -> WebElement:el = Noneby = Nonedriver = self.driver# 类型转换if find_type == "id":by = By.IDif find_type == "xpath":by = By.XPATHelif find_type == "link":by = By.LINK_TEXTelif find_type == "partial_link":by = By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXTelif find_type == "name":by = By.NAMEelif find_type == "tag":by = By.TAG_NAMEelif find_type == "class":by = By.CLASS_NAMEelif find_type == "css":by = By.CSS_SELECTORtry:if by is None:# 如果用户未按要求输入，则停止查询raise MyException(f"查找类型错误，类型【{find_type}】不符合要求！！！")# 显式等待组件出现，el = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=self.find_timeout).until(lambda dv: dv.find_element(by, element), f"查找组件【{element}】超时，组件未在指定时间内出现")except TimeoutException as e:Log.error(e.msg)except MyException as e:Log.error(e)finally:return el# 点击组件def click(self, by: str, element: str) -> bool:el_button = self.find_element(by, element)# 判断是否找到组件if el_button:el_button.click()return Truereturn False# 输入框输入def send_keys(self, by: str, element: str, context: str) -> bool:el_input = self.find_element(by, element)# 判断是否找到组件if el_input:# 先清除输入框内容el_input.clear()el_input.send_keys(context)return Truereturn False# 页面滚动# scroll_y： 滑动高度百分比，不选则滑动置底# times： 完成滑动所需时间，不选则立即完成滑动# sleep_time: 多少秒后开始执行# is_await：是否等待滑动结束def scrollTo(self, scroll_y: float = None,times: int = 0,sleep_time: float = None,is_await: bool = True) -> bool:# 等待页面加载完成，如果页面未加载完就执行，会导致scrollHeight属性错误，变成上一页面的高度而不是当前页面的高度sleep(self.sleepT if sleep_time is None else sleep_time)# 时间为负数时设置为0times = 0 if times < 0 else (times * 1000)# 滚动条高度if scroll_y is None:# 获取页面内容高度scroll_y = self.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")# 滚动条滑动脚本js_code = '''const ScrollTop = (number = 0, time) => {if (!time) {document.body.scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop = number;return number;}const spacingTime = 20; let spacingInex = time / spacingTime;let nowTop = document.body.scrollTop + document.documentElement.scrollTop;let everTop = (number - nowTop) / spacingInex; let scrollTimer = setInterval(() => {if (spacingInex > 0) {spacingInex--;ScrollTop(nowTop += everTop);} else {clearInterval(scrollTimer); }}, spacingTime);};'''js_code = js_code + f"ScrollTop({scroll_y}, {times});"self.execute_script(js_code=js_code)position = 0# 判断滚动条是否已停止滚动while is_await:# 每隔0.1s检测一次sleep(0.1)# 获取当前位置new_position = self.execute_script('return document.body.scrollTop + document.documentElement.scrollTop;')if new_position == position:is_await = Falseposition = new_positionreturn Trueasync def async_scrollTo(self):pass# js 脚本执行，默认同步def execute_script(self, js_code: str, is_async: bool = False):if js_code is None or js_code == "":raise MyException("js脚本为空")try:if not is_async:# 同步执行：适合执行时间较短的js。webdriver 会等待执行结果，然后继续执行后续代码return self.driver.execute_script(js_code)else:# 异步执行：通常执行时间比较长的js。webdriver 不需要等待执行结果，直接执行后续代码return self.driver.execute_async_script(js_code)except (InvalidArgumentException, JavascriptException):Log.error(f"js脚本异常，无法被执行,当前执行脚本内容如下：\n {js_code}")except MyException as e:Log.error(e)

自定义工具类：tools.py

# 输出文本修饰
def error(msgs):print(f"\033[31m****异常报错：{msgs}\033[0m")def info(msgs):print(f"\033[32m****信息输出：{msgs}\033[0m")def warn(msgs):print(f"\033[33m****警告信息：{msgs}\033[0m")# 自定义异常类 MyException,配合log使用
class MyException(Exception):  # 继承异常类def __init__(self, msg):  # 重写父类的__init__方法self.msg = msg

测试代码

from selenium import webdriver
from tools.selenuimtools import ElementOperateclass AutoWebTest:def __init__(self):# 设置浏览器不自动关闭options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_experimental_option('detach', True)self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)# 设置浏览器全屏self.driver.maximize_window()# 打开网站def open_web(self, request):self.driver.get(request)driver = ElementOperate(self.driver)driver.send_keys('id', "kw", "selenium")driver.click('id', 'su')driver.scrollTo(times=10,is_await=False)# 当设置is_await为FALSE时，会看到浏览器还在滑动滚动条，但程序已向下执行# 而为TRUE或者不设置时，会看到程序等待浏览器滑动滚动条完毕后，才会向下执行print("已执行")if __name__ == "__main__":str = "https://www.baidu.com"AutoWebTest().open_web(str)

js滑动脚本解析

const ScrollTop = (number = 0, time) => {if (!time) {document.body.scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop = number;return number;}const spacingTime = 20; // 设置循环的间隔时间  值越小消耗性能越高let spacingInex = time / spacingTime; // 计算循环的次数let nowTop = document.body.scrollTop + document.documentElement.scrollTop; // 获取当前滚动条位置let everTop = (number - nowTop) / spacingInex; // 计算每次滑动的距离let scrollTimer = setInterval(() => {if (spacingInex > 0) {spacingInex--;ScrollTop(nowTop += everTop);} else {clearInterval(scrollTimer); // 清除计时器}}, spacingTime);};

滚动条滑动主要实现在scrollTo方法中，其他方法只是对selenium操作方法的二次封装；

脚本执行调用execute_script方法，值得注意的是，虽然execute_script是同步执行脚本，但执行滑动js脚本，触发定时器方法后，走完后续代码就会返回结果，而不会等定时器（滑动效果）结束；
如果希望方法能等待滑动结束，可通过循环执行js脚本赋值document.body.scrollTop或其他方式实现，也可以像我一样，在后面写个循环不停去判断当前滑动条位置，以此判断滑动动画是否已结束

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