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宾语属于名词性从句，非谓语动词中只有不定式和动名词可以作宾语。
- I like playing basketball.
- I like to play basketball.
to do作宾语
主谓宾结构
- he decided to move. 他决定搬家。
- I hope to go back home early. 我希望回家早一点。
- He expected to pass the exam. 他期待通过考试
- I can’t afford to fail again. 我不能承受再失败一次。
lose: 是与人比赛输掉或失败，fail：是自己做什么事情失败
- I failed to catch up with the plane. 我没赶上飞机。
- I agreed to leave earlier tomorrow. 我同意明天早点出发。
agree with sb, agree on sth, agree to do sth
- He attemped to lie to me. 我企图对我撒谎。
- He offered to help us. 我提出要帮我们。
- They prepare to resign. 我们准备辞职。
- He pretend to be ill. 他假装病了。
主谓宾补结构
- we think it better
to start early. 我们觉得早点开始比较好
== we think
to start earlybetter.
- Do you think it better
not to go? 你认为不去好些吗？
== Do you think
not to gobetter?
- He made it possible
to get people to learn English well shortly. 他让人们短时间内学好英语变得可能。
He made
to get people to learn English well shortlypossible.
疑问词 + to do
- we don’t know
what to do. 我们不知道该怎么办。== we don’t know what we should do. 当主语相同且表示将来就可以把从句换成疑问词+to do .
- he is thinking
when to leave. - can you tell me
how to solve this problem? 你能告诉我怎么解决这个问题吗？
动名词
动名词作宾语
- Braking in time can avoid hitting effectively. 及时刹车可以避免撞击。
- This is why he is considering
looking for another job. 这就是为什么他在考虑换一份工作。 - He has been
practicing English. 他最近一直在练习英语。 - he is so lucky that he missed
being caught. 你避免被抓很幸运。 - Do you mind
opening the window? 你介意打开下窗户吗？Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开下窗户吗？
Do you mind me opening the window? （同上）
Do you mind if I open the window? 条件状语从句 - I suggest him giving up the idea. 我建议他放弃这个想法
I suggest his giving up the idea.
I suggest that he give up the idea. (从句是虚拟语气，动词用原形）
动名词作介宾
- He is good at lying. 他擅长撒谎。
- He left without saying anything. 他什么都没说就离开了
- It is just like playing basketball. 这就像打篮球一样。
- He learnt English well through working hard. 你通过努力学好了英语
to doing
to + doing 可以看作是 to + 名词
- I’m used to living alone. 我已经习惯自己生活了。
- I’m looking forward to seeing you. 我期盼见到你
- Most of us are objected to leaving tomorrow. 我们中的绝大多说反对明天离开
- He devoted himself to helping others. 他把自己奉献在了帮助别人上。
- You should pay attention to practicing. 你应该注意练习。
- You should stick to learning English. 你应该坚持学习英语。
used to 几种用法：
-
I used to go to the park nearby. 我过去常常去附近的家园。
-
He used to be what his father was. 他过去常常像他爸爸以前一样。
这两处used to 表示过去常常
-
I’m used to what he says. 我对他说的已经习惯了。
-
I’m used to the new life. 我对新生活习惯了。
-
I’m used. 我习惯了
-
I will be used to it. 我会习惯它的。
-
I got used to it. 我已经习惯了。
-
You look used to it. 你看起来已经习惯了
这两处used to 表示习惯
-
The book can be used for information. 这本书可以用来查找信息。
-
The book can be used for reading. 这本书可以用来读。（for表示目的）
-
The book can be used to read. 这本书可以用来读。（to do 表示目的）
此处used 表示被用于
to do与to doing区别
start to do和start doing 都可以表示开始做某事，但在以下三种情况时都用to do.
- 物作主语只能用 to do
- It started to rain.
- 进行时后面只能用to do
- he is starting to learn English.
- 后接表示心理活动的动词，例如：understand, know, realize
- I started to realize that he is good. 我开始意识到他很棒。
doing 表示常态（泛指），to do表示具体某次（特指），类似动词有like/hate/love/prefer。
- I prefer playing basketball. 我更喜爱打篮球（一直喜欢）
- I prefer to do basketball. 我喜欢去打篮球（当前这个时刻）
doing表示做过，to do表示去做，类似动词有remember/forget/regret
- I forget to tell you. 我忘记去告诉你
- I forget telling you. 我忘记告诉过你
- I remember closing the door. 我记得关过门
- I remember to close the door. 我记得去关门
try: doing表示尝试，to do表示努力
- He tried to learn English. 他努力去学英语。
- I tried learning English. 我尝试学过英语。
- He tried his best to help you. 他非常努力的去帮助你。
mean: doing表示意味着， to do表示打算
- He means to study hard. 你打算努力学习。
- He didn’t mean to hurt you. 你没打算伤害你。
- It means nothing. 这没有任何意义
- It means that he will help you. 这意味着他会帮你。
stop: doing停止在做的事， to do 停止去做某事
- Stop watching TV. 停止看电视
- stop to watch TV. 停下来去看电视
can’t help: doing表示忍住，to do表示不能帮忙
- I can’t help to save him. 我没办法去救他
- I can’t help laughing. 我忍不住笑
相关阅读
- 口语笔记-句子结构概括
- 口语笔记——虚拟语气
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