本文主要是介绍web路径、表单重复提交(2种方法)、验证码,希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值,需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧!
绝对路径:相对于当前WEB应用的的根路径,路径都带上contextPath
http://localhost:8080/day01/a.jsp 绝对
http://localhost:8080/a.jsp 错误
web中的/代表啥?
表单的重复提交
1、表单提交到一个servlet,servlet转发到一个jsp页面,而浏览器地址还是servlet的路径,在相应页面刷新
2、在相应页面还没有到达时,重复点击提交按钮
3、点击返回,在点击提交
<在原表单页面中,生成一个随机的token,将其放入到session属性(setAttribute)和隐藏域中(hidden)
<在目标servlet中,获取session值和隐藏域中的token值
<如果2个值一致,受理请求,并把session域中的token属性清除,若不一致,则提示重复提交
index.jsp
<body><%String tokenValue = new Date().getTime() + "";session.setAttribute("token", tokenValue );%><form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/tokenServlet"method="post"><input type="hidden" name="token" value="<%=tokenValue%>" /> name:<input type="text" name="name" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /></form>
</body>
TokenServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {HttpSession session = request.getSession();Object token = session.getAttribute("token");String tokenValue = request.getParameter("token");System.out.println(token);System.out.println(tokenValue);if (token != null && token.equals(tokenValue)) {session.removeAttribute("token");}else{response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/token/token.jsp");return;}String name = request.getParameter("name");System.out.println("name:"+name);response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/token/success.jsp");}
success.jsp中是提示 成功的一句话
token.jsp中是提示重复提交
http://localhost:8080/day01/token/index.jsp
http://localhost:8080/day01/token/success.jsp
http://localhost:8080/day01/token/token.jsp
如果返回到http://localhost:8080/day01/token/index.jsp页面,在提交前,进行刷新页面,在输入值,进行提交,不算重复请求,因为又是一个新的请求
表单的重复提交,代码升级
我们可以将来token != null && token.equals(tokenValue)逻辑放到一个类中统一实现
TokenProcessor这个实现原理跟楼上的例子本质是一样的,也是请求后,移除 session.removeAttribute(“token”);
package com.safly;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
public class TokenProcessor {private static final String TOKEN_KEY = "TOKEN_KEY";private static final String TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY = "TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY";private static TokenProcessor instance = new TokenProcessor();private long previous;protected TokenProcessor() {super();}public static TokenProcessor getInstance() {return instance;}public synchronized boolean isTokenValid(HttpServletRequest request) {return this.isTokenValid(request, false);}public synchronized boolean isTokenValid(HttpServletRequest request,boolean reset) {HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);if (session == null) {return false;}String saved = (String) session.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY);if (saved == null) {return false;}if (reset) {this.resetToken(request);}String token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_KEY);if (token == null) {return false;}return saved.equals(token);}public synchronized void resetToken(HttpServletRequest request) {HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);if (session == null) {return;}session.removeAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY);}public synchronized String saveToken(HttpServletRequest request) {HttpSession session = request.getSession();String token = generateToken(request);if(token != null) {session.setAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY, token);}return token;}public synchronized String generateToken(HttpServletRequest request) {HttpSession session = request.getSession();return generateToken(session.getId());}public synchronized String generateToken(String id) {try {long current = System.currentTimeMillis();if (current == previous) {current++;}previous = current;byte[] now = new Long(current).toString().getBytes();MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");md.update(id.getBytes());md.update(now);return toHex(md.digest());} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {return null;}}private String toHex(byte[] buffer) {StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(buffer.length * 2);for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {sb.append(Character.forDigit((buffer[i] & 0xf0) >> 4, 16));sb.append(Character.forDigit(buffer[i] & 0x0f, 16));}return sb.toString();}
}
index.jsp
<body><form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/tokenServlet"method="post"><input type="hidden" name="TOKEN_KEY" value="<%=TokenProcessor.getInstance().saveToken(request)%>" /> name:<input type="text" name="name" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /></form>
</body>
TokenServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {boolean tokenValid = TokenProcessor.getInstance().isTokenValid(request);if (tokenValid) {TokenProcessor.getInstance().resetToken(request); }else{response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/token/token.jsp");return;}String name = request.getParameter("name");System.out.println("name:"+name);response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/token/success.jsp");}
验证码
验证码是经常见得,它其实没有那么神秘,跟表单重复提交的实现原理相似
index.jsp
<body><font color="red"><%= session.getAttribute("message") == null ? "" : session.getAttribute("message")%></font><form action="<%= request.getContextPath() %>/checkCodeServlet" method="post">name: <input type="text" name="name"/>checkCode: <input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/> <img alt="" src="<%= request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet"> <input type="submit" value="Submit"/></form>
</body>
CheckCodeServlet
package com.safly;import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1. 获取请求参数: CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAMEString paramCode = request.getParameter("CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME");//2. 获取 session 中的 CHECK_CODE_KEY 属性值String sessionCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("CHECK_CODE_KEY");System.out.println(paramCode);System.out.println(sessionCode); //3. 比对. 看是否一致, 若一致说明验证码正确, 若不一致, 说明验证码错误if(!(paramCode != null && paramCode.equals(sessionCode))){request.getSession().setAttribute("message", "验证码不一致!");response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/check/index.jsp");return;} System.out.println("受理请求!");}
}
ValidateColorServlet
package com.safly; import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class ValidateColorServlet extends HttpServlet {public static final String CHECK_CODE_KEY = "CHECK_CODE_KEY";private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;//设置验证图片的宽度, 高度, 验证码的个数private int width = 152;private int height = 40;private int codeCount = 6;//验证码字体的高度private int fontHeight = 4;//验证码中的单个字符基线. 即:验证码中的单个字符位于验证码图形左上角的 (codeX, codeY) 位置处private int codeX = 0;private int codeY = 0;//验证码由哪些字符组成char [] codeSequence = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz23456789".toCharArray();//初始化验证码图形属性public void init(){fontHeight = height - 2;codeX = width / (codeCount + 2);codeY = height - 4;}public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {//定义一个类型为 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR 类型的图像缓存BufferedImage buffImg = null;buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);//在 buffImg 中创建一个 Graphics2D 图像Graphics2D graphics = null;graphics = buffImg.createGraphics();//设置一个颜色, 使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用这个颜色graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);//填充一个指定的矩形: x - 要填充矩形的 x 坐标; y - 要填充矩形的 y 坐标; width - 要填充矩形的宽度; height - 要填充矩形的高度graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);//创建一个 Font 对象: name - 字体名称; style - Font 的样式常量; size - Font 的点大小Font font = null;font = new Font("", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);//使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用此字体graphics.setFont(font);graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);//绘制指定矩形的边框, 绘制出的矩形将比构件宽一个也高一个像素graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);//随机产生 15 条干扰线, 使图像中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到Random random = null;random = new Random();graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);for(int i = 0; i < 55; i++){int x = random.nextInt(width);int y = random.nextInt(height);int x1 = random.nextInt(20);int y1 = random.nextInt(20);graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1);}//创建 randomCode 对象, 用于保存随机产生的验证码, 以便用户登录后进行验证StringBuffer randomCode;randomCode = new StringBuffer();for(int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++){//得到随机产生的验证码数字String strRand = null;strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(36)]);//把正在产生的随机字符放入到 StringBuffer 中randomCode.append(strRand);//用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);graphics.drawString(strRand, (i + 1)* codeX, codeY);}//再把存放有所有随机字符的 StringBuffer 对应的字符串放入到 HttpSession 中request.getSession().setAttribute(CHECK_CODE_KEY, randomCode.toString());//禁止图像缓存response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);//将图像输出到输出流中ServletOutputStream sos = null;sos = response.getOutputStream();ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos); sos.close();}
}
验证码正确的情况
验证码输错的情况:
服务端控制台输出:
sdfsdf
JZUUFO
验证码的流程是什么?
浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/day01/check/index.jsp
定义一个验证码输入框的getParameter
checkCode:
然后验证码图片
<img alt="" src="<%= request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">
访问ValidateColorServlet,在浏览器输出验证码图片
在ValidateColorServlet中
//再把存放有所有随机字符的 StringBuffer 对应的字符串放入到 HttpSession 中
request.getSession().setAttribute(CHECK_CODE_KEY, randomCode.toString());
通过Set-Cookie方式在Response Headers中返回
当输入验证码完毕,点击提交,就跳转到CheckCodeServlet去验证
String paramCode = request.getParameter(“CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME”)获取输入的验证码
String sessionCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(“CHECK_CODE_KEY”);获取Response Headers中返回的值
然后2者一致说明验证成功!!
错误的话request.getSession().setAttribute(“message”, “验证码不一致!”);
重定向到index.jsp中进行页面输错提示
这篇关于web路径、表单重复提交(2种方法)、验证码的文章就介绍到这儿,希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助!