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1.用栈实现队列
. - 力扣(LeetCode)
思路
1.将一个栈当作输入栈,用于压入 push 传入的数据;另一个栈当作输出栈,用于 pop 和 peek 操作。
2.每次 pop 或 peek 时,若输出栈为空则将输入栈的全部数据依次弹出并压入输出栈,这样输出栈从栈顶往栈底的顺序就是队列从队首往队尾的顺序。
class MyQueue { private:stack<int> inStack, outStack;void in2out() {while (!inStack.empty()) {outStack.push(inStack.top());inStack.pop();}}public:MyQueue() {}void push(int x) {inStack.push(x);}int pop() {if (outStack.empty()) {in2out();}int x = outStack.top();outStack.pop();return x;}int peek() {if (outStack.empty()) {in2out();}return outStack.top();}bool empty() {return inStack.empty() && outStack.empty();} };
2. 用队列实现栈
class MyStack { public:queue<int> queue1;queue<int> queue2;/** Initialize your data structure here. */MyStack() {}/** Push element x onto stack. */void push(int x) {queue2.push(x);while (!queue1.empty()) {queue2.push(queue1.front());queue1.pop();}swap(queue1, queue2);}/** Removes the element on top of the stack and returns that element. */int pop() {int r = queue1.front();queue1.pop();return r;}/** Get the top element. */int top() {int r = queue1.front();return r;}/** Returns whether the stack is empty. */bool empty() {return queue1.empty();} };
3.数组中的第k个最大元素
思路:
1.先取数组的前k个元素,使用向上调整算法建立小堆(a[0]为最小值)
2.再遍历剩余数组,如果元素大于a[0],则替代a[0]入堆并使用向下调整算法调整
3.返回a[0];
typedef struct heap
{int* a;int size;int capacity;
}HP;void swap(int* p1, int* p2)
{int t = 0;t = *p1;*p1 = *p2;*p2 = t;
}void heapinit(HP* php)
{assert(php);php->a = NULL;php->size = 0;php->capacity = 0;
}void adjustup(int* a, int child) //向上调整法 //上方必须是堆
{int parent = (child-1)/2;while (child>0){if (a[parent]>=a[child]) //小堆为>=,大堆为<={swap(&a[parent],&a[child]);child = parent;parent = (child - 1)/2;}else{break;}}
}void adjustdown(int* a,int n, int parent) //向下调整法,!!!!!!(仅适用于根结点两端都是大堆或小堆)
{int child = 2 * parent + 1;while (child<=n) //{if (child + 1<=n && a[child + 1] < a[child]) // child+1>n可以推出child==n,所以只有左孩子{child++; //选出左右孩子中最大的一个‘>’,最小的为'<'}if (a[parent]>=a[child]) //大堆为“<=”,小堆为“>=”{swap(&a[parent], &a[child]);parent = child;child = 2 * parent + 1; //每次都先找左孩子}else{break;}}
}void heappush(HP* php, int data)
{php->a[php->size] = data;php->size++;adjustup(php->a, php->size - 1);
}int findKthLargest(int* nums, int numsSize, int k) {HP sl;heapinit(&sl);sl.a=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*k);int i=0;for(i=0;i<k;i++)heappush(&sl, nums[i]);for(i=k;i<numsSize;i++){if(nums[i]>sl.a[0]){sl.a[0]=nums[i];adjustdown(sl.a,k-1,0); //记得是k-1}}return sl.a[0];
}
4.最小栈
class MinStack { public: public:void push(int x) {// 只要是压栈,先将元素保存到_elem中_elem.push(x);// 如果x小于_min中栈顶的元素,将x再压入_min中!!!!!!!!!!if (_min.empty() || x <= _min.top())_min.push(x);}void pop() {// 如果_min栈顶的元素等于出栈的元素,_min顶的元素要移除!!!!!!!!if (_min.top() == _elem.top())_min.pop();_elem.pop();}int top() { return _elem.top();}int getMin() { return _min.top(); }private:// 保存栈中的元素std::stack<int> _elem;// 保存栈的最小值std::stack<int> _min; };
5.栈的弹出压入序列
1.设置flag,i,i用来遍历pushv数组;
2.当arr.top()==popV[flag]时,arr.pop(),flag++,
3.当pushV[i]==popV[flag]时,flag++;
4.遍历完成后,
for(;flag<popV.size();flag++)
{
if(popV[flag]!=arr.top())
return false;
else
{
arr.pop();
}
}
5.return true
class Solution {
public:bool IsPopOrder(vector<int>& pushV, vector<int>& popV) {int flag=0;for(int i=0;i<pushV.size();i++){if(pushV[i]!=popV[flag]){if(!arr.empty()){if(arr.top()==popV[flag]){arr.pop();flag++;while(!(arr.empty())&&arr.top()==popV[flag])
//如果连续遇到arr.top()==popV[flag],则一直arr.pop();flag++,直至两者不同{arr.pop();flag++;}arr.push(pushV[i]);}else {arr.push(pushV[i]);}}elsearr.push(pushV[i]);}else{flag++;}}for(;flag<popV.size();flag++){if(popV[flag]!=arr.top())return false;else{arr.pop();}}return true;}private:stack<int> arr;
};
6.逆波兰表达式求值
1.设置两个stack,一个存数字(arr),一个存符号(brr)
2.遍历数组,若为数字则 入栈arr;
3.若为符号,则入栈brr,并取brr.top,arr.top(两次)
进行operation,并把返回值压入arr栈中;
4.返回arr.top;
class Solution {
public:int operation(int a, int b, string s) {if (s[0] == '+')return b + a; //记得是b在前,a在后,因为栈是后进先出if (s[0] == '-')return b - a;if (s[0] == '*')return b * a;if (s[0] == '/')return b / a;return 1; // 记得写一个return// 1,因为系统判定如果if都不走,那么就没有返回值}int evalRPN(vector<string>& tokens) {int num = 0;int result = 0;string j;int a;int b;int end;for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {if (tokens[i] == "+" || tokens[i] == "-" || tokens[i] == "*" ||tokens[i] == "/") {brr.push(tokens[i]);a = arr.top();arr.pop();b = arr.top();arr.pop();end = operation(a, b, brr.top());arr.push(end);brr.pop();} else {j = tokens[i];if (j[0] == '-') {for (int i = 1; i < j.size(); i++) {num = num * 10 + (j[i] - '0');}arr.push(-num);num = 0;} else {for (int i = 0; i < j.size(); i++) {num = num * 10 + (j[i] - '0');}arr.push(num);num = 0;}}}end = arr.top();return end;}private:stack<int> arr;stack<string> brr;
};
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