本文主要是介绍java实训 | 低配版模拟火车订票系统，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
代码：
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class TrainBookingSystem {private JFrame frame;private JPanel loginPanel, mainPanel;private JTextField usernameField;private JPasswordField passwordField; // 改为JPasswordFieldprivate JTextField departureField, destinationField;private JButton searchButton;private List<Train> trainList;private List<Order> paidOrders;private List<Order> waitingListOrders;private List<Order> myTickets;private JPanel paidPanel, waitingListPanel, myTicketsPanel;public TrainBookingSystem() {frame = new JFrame("12306 Train Booking System");frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);frame.setSize(800, 600);createLoginInterface();initTrainData();paidOrders = new ArrayList<>();waitingListOrders = new ArrayList<>();myTickets = new ArrayList<>();}private void createLoginInterface() {loginPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());loginPanel.add(createWelcomeLabel(), BorderLayout.NORTH);JPanel authPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints();constraints.insets = new Insets(10, 5, 10, 5);constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 0;authPanel.add(new JLabel("账号:"), constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;authPanel.add(usernameField = new JTextField(30), constraints);constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 1;authPanel.add(new JLabel("密码:"), constraints);constraints.gridx = 1;authPanel.add(passwordField = new JPasswordField(30), constraints);JButton loginButton = new JButton("登录");loginButton.addActionListener(e -> login());constraints.gridx = 0;constraints.gridy = 2;constraints.gridwidth = 2; // 按钮横跨两列authPanel.add(loginButton, constraints); // 移除多余的参数loginPanel.add(authPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);frame.setContentPane(loginPanel);frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);frame.setVisible(true);}private JLabel createWelcomeLabel() {JLabel welcomeLabel = new JLabel("欢迎使用12306订票系统");Font font = new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24);welcomeLabel.setFont(font);welcomeLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);return welcomeLabel;}private void login() {String username = usernameField.getText();char[] passwordChars = passwordField.getPassword();String password = new String(passwordChars);if (!username.isEmpty() && !password.isEmpty()) {// 登录逻辑frame.setContentPane(createMainInterface());frame.revalidate();frame.repaint();} else {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "请输入账号和密码！");}}private JPanel createMainInterface() {mainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());// 左侧面板JPanel leftPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());leftPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension((int)(frame.getWidth() * 0.75), frame.getHeight()));leftPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("车票查询"));JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 5, 10, 5);gbc.gridx = 0;gbc.gridy = 0;inputPanel.add(new JLabel("始发站:"), gbc);gbc.gridx = 1;gbc.gridwidth = 2;inputPanel.add(departureField = new JTextField(30), gbc);gbc.gridx = 0;gbc.gridy = 1;inputPanel.add(new JLabel("终点站:"), gbc);gbc.gridx = 1;inputPanel.add(destinationField = new JTextField(30), gbc);searchButton = new JButton("车次查询");searchButton.addActionListener(e -> showTrainList());gbc.gridx = 0;gbc.gridy = 2;gbc.gridwidth = 3;inputPanel.add(searchButton, gbc);leftPanel.add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);// 右侧面板JPanel rightPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 1)); // 3行1列的网格布局rightPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(frame.getWidth() / 4, frame.getHeight()));rightPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("个人订单查询"));// 初始化面板并添加到右侧面板paidPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());waitingListPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());myTicketsPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());// 订单管理按钮初始化并添加到右侧面板JButton paidOrdersButton = new JButton("已支付");paidOrdersButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(paidOrders));rightPanel.add(paidOrdersButton, BorderLayout.NORTH);// 注意：需要将候补订单按钮添加到面板上JButton waitingListOrdersButton = new JButton("候补订单");waitingListOrdersButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(waitingListOrders));// 将候补订单按钮添加到rightPanel中rightPanel.add(waitingListOrdersButton, BorderLayout.CENTER);JButton myTicketsButton = new JButton("本人车票");myTicketsButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(myTickets));rightPanel.add(myTicketsButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);rightPanel.add(new JLabel(" "), BorderLayout.CENTER);mainPanel.add(leftPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);mainPanel.add(rightPanel, BorderLayout.EAST);// 初始订单显示更新updateOrderDisplays();return mainPanel;}private void showOrders(List<Order> orders) {if (orders.isEmpty()) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "当前没有订单！");} else {String message = "订单信息：\n";for (Order order : orders) {message += order.toString() + "\n";}JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, message, "订单列表", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);}}private void showTrainList() {JDialog dialog = new JDialog(frame, "车次列表", true);dialog.setLayout(new BorderLayout());dialog.setSize(400, 300);JPanel trainInfoPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(trainList.size(), 1));for (Train train : trainList) {JPanel trainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());JButton bookButton = new JButton("订票");JButton waitlistButton = new JButton("候补");waitlistButton.setVisible(false);bookButton.addActionListener(evt -> {if (train.book()) {addOrder(train, true); // 订票成功JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "订票成功！");dialog.dispose();} else {waitlistButton.setVisible(true);}});waitlistButton.addActionListener(evt -> {addOrder(train, false); // 候补票JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "候补成功！");dialog.dispose();});trainPanel.add(new JLabel(train.getTrainNumber() + " - " + train.getDepartureTime() + " - 剩余票数：" + train.getRemainingSeats()), BorderLayout.CENTER);JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());buttonPanel.add(bookButton);buttonPanel.add(waitlistButton);trainPanel.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.EAST);trainInfoPanel.add(trainPanel);}JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(trainInfoPanel);dialog.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(frame);dialog.setVisible(true);}private void addOrder(Train train, boolean isPaid) {Order order = new Order(train, isPaid);if (isPaid) {paidOrders.add(order);myTickets.add(order);} else {waitingListOrders.add(order);}updateOrderDisplays();}private void updateOrderDisplays() {// 此处不再需要removeAll，因为面板已经初始化paidPanel.removeAll();waitingListPanel.removeAll();myTicketsPanel.removeAll();// 直接添加订单信息for (Order order : paidOrders) {paidPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString()));}for (Order order : waitingListOrders) {waitingListPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString()));}for (Order order : myTickets) {myTicketsPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString()));}paidPanel.repaint();waitingListPanel.repaint();myTicketsPanel.repaint();}private void initTrainData() {trainList = new ArrayList<>();trainList.add(new Train("G123", "08:00", 150));trainList.add(new Train("G124", "09:30", 100));trainList.add(new Train("G125", "11:00", 200));trainList.add(new Train("G126", "13:00", 0));trainList.add(new Train("G127", "15:00", 75));}class Train {private String trainNumber;private String departureTime;private int remainingSeats;public Train(String trainNumber, String departureTime, int remainingSeats) {this.trainNumber = trainNumber;this.departureTime = departureTime;this.remainingSeats = remainingSeats;}public String getTrainNumber() {return trainNumber;}public String getDepartureTime() {return departureTime;}public int getRemainingSeats() {return remainingSeats;}public boolean book() {if (remainingSeats > 0) {remainingSeats--;return true;}return false;}}class Order {private Train train;private boolean isPaid;public Order(Train train, boolean isPaid) {this.train = train;this.isPaid = isPaid;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return isPaid ? "已支付: " + train.getTrainNumber() + " " + train.getDepartureTime() :"候补: " + train.getTrainNumber() + " " + train.getDepartureTime();}}public static void main(String[] args) {new TrainBookingSystem();}
}代码注释：
// 导入Swing库，用于创建图形用户界面
import javax.swing.*;
// 导入AWT库，包含用于构建图形用户界面和图像、字体、颜色等资源的类
import java.awt.*;
// 导入AWT的事件处理库，用于处理如按钮点击等用户事件
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
// 导入Java的集合库，用于创建列表
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; // 定义一个名为TrainBookingSystem的公共类，代表火车订票系统
public class TrainBookingSystem { // 声明多个私有成员变量，分别用于存储框架、面板、文本字段、按钮、火车列表和订单列表等 private JFrame frame; private JPanel loginPanel, mainPanel; private JTextField usernameField; private JPasswordField passwordField; // 改用JPasswordField来更安全地处理密码输入 private JTextField departureField, destinationField; private JButton searchButton; private List<Train> trainList; private List<Order> paidOrders; private List<Order> waitingListOrders; private List<Order> myTickets; private JPanel paidPanel, waitingListPanel, myTicketsPanel; // 构造函数，用于初始化系统 public TrainBookingSystem() { // 创建框架并设置其标题、关闭操作和大小 frame = new JFrame("12306 Train Booking System"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(800, 600); // 创建登录界面 createLoginInterface(); // 初始化火车数据 initTrainData(); // 初始化订单列表 paidOrders = new ArrayList<>(); waitingListOrders = new ArrayList<>(); myTickets = new ArrayList<>(); } // 创建一个登录界面的方法 private void createLoginInterface() { // 创建一个布局为BorderLayout的面板 loginPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); // 添加欢迎标签到面板的北部 loginPanel.add(createWelcomeLabel(), BorderLayout.NORTH); // 创建一个用于账号和密码输入的面板，布局为GridBagLayout JPanel authPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout()); GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints(); // 设置GridBagConstraints对象，用于指定组件在GridBagLayout中的位置和填充方式 constraints.insets = new Insets(10, 5, 10, 5); constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL; // 添加账号标签和文本字段到authPanel constraints.gridx = 0; constraints.gridy = 0; authPanel.add(new JLabel("账号:"), constraints); constraints.gridx = 1; authPanel.add(usernameField = new JTextField(30), constraints); // 添加密码标签和密码字段到authPanel constraints.gridx = 0; constraints.gridy = 1; authPanel.add(new JLabel("密码:"), constraints); constraints.gridx = 1; authPanel.add(passwordField = new JPasswordField(30), constraints); // 创建一个登录按钮并为其添加点击事件监听器 JButton loginButton = new JButton("登录"); loginButton.addActionListener(e -> login()); // 将登录按钮添加到authPanel，横跨两列 constraints.gridx = 0; constraints.gridy = 2; constraints.gridwidth = 2; authPanel.add(loginButton, constraints); // 将authPanel添加到loginPanel的中心区域 loginPanel.add(authPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); // 将loginPanel设置为框架的内容面板，并设置框架的位置和可见性 frame.setContentPane(loginPanel); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); } // 创建一个欢迎标签的方法 private JLabel createWelcomeLabel() { // 创建一个标签并设置其文本、字体和对齐方式 JLabel welcomeLabel = new JLabel("欢迎使用12306订票系统"); Font font = new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24); welcomeLabel.setFont(font);
welcomeLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); // 返回创建的欢迎标签 return welcomeLabel; } // 定义一个登录方法 private void login() { // 从文本字段中获取账号和密码 String username = usernameField.getText(); char[] passwordChars = passwordField.getPassword(); String password = new String(passwordChars); // 如果账号和密码都不为空，则执行登录逻辑 if (!username.isEmpty() && !password.isEmpty()) { // 假设的登录逻辑（实际中应包含与数据库的交互） // 将框架的内容面板更改为主界面，并重新验证和重绘框架 frame.setContentPane(createMainInterface()); frame.revalidate(); frame.repaint(); } else { // 如果账号或密码为空，则显示错误消息 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "请输入账号和密码！"); } } // 创建一个主界面的方法 private JPanel createMainInterface() { // 创建一个布局为BorderLayout的主面板 mainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); // 创建左侧的面板用于输入始发站和终点站 JPanel leftPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); leftPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension((int)(frame.getWidth() * 0.75), frame.getHeight())); leftPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("车票查询")); // 创建一个用于输入始发站和终点站的面板，布局为GridBagLayout JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout()); GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints(); // 设置GridBagConstraints对象 gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST; gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 5, 10, 5); // 添加始发站标签和文本字段到inputPanel gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 0; inputPanel.add(new JLabel("始发站:"), gbc); gbc.gridx = 1; gbc.gridwidth = 2; inputPanel.add(departureField = new JTextField(30), gbc); // 添加终点站标签和文本字段到inputPanel gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 1; inputPanel.add(new JLabel("终点站:"), gbc); gbc.gridx = 1; inputPanel.add(destinationField = new JTextField(30), gbc); // 创建一个查询按钮并为其添加点击事件监听器 searchButton = new JButton("车次查询"); searchButton.addActionListener(e -> showTrainList()); // 将查询按钮添加到inputPanel，横跨三列 gbc.gridx = 0; gbc.gridy = 2; gbc.gridwidth = 3; inputPanel.add(searchButton, gbc); // 将inputPanel添加到leftPanel的中心区域 leftPanel.add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); // 创建右侧的面板用于显示个人订单 JPanel rightPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 1)); // 3行1列的网格布局 rightPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(frame.getWidth() / 4, frame.getHeight())); rightPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("个人订单查询")); // 初始化并添加用于显示已支付订单、候补订单和本人车票的面板 paidPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); waitingListPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); myTicketsPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); // 创建订单管理按钮并为其添加点击事件监听器 JButton paidOrdersButton = new JButton("已支付"); paidOrdersButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(paidOrders)); rightPanel.add(paidOrdersButton, BorderLayout.NORTH); // 注意：这里应该是使用GridLayout，而不是BorderLayout // 创建候补订单按钮并为其添加点击事件监听器 JButton waitingListOrdersButton = new JButton("候补订单"); waitingListOrdersButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(waitingListOrders)); rightPanel.add(waitingListOrdersButton, 1); // 在GridLayout中，
// 这里的索引参数在GridLayout中应该是一个数字，表示添加到第几行（从0开始）。 // 但是，因为GridLayout并没有直接提供索引来指定具体位置， // 所以我们简单地按照顺序添加。在GridLayout中，组件会自动按行和列的布局进行排列。 rightPanel.add(waitingListOrdersButton); // 正确地添加候补订单按钮到rightPanel // 创建本人车票按钮并为其添加点击事件监听器 JButton myTicketsButton = new JButton("本人车票"); myTicketsButton.addActionListener(e -> showOrders(myTickets)); rightPanel.add(myTicketsButton); // 将本人车票按钮添加到rightPanel // 注意：这里添加了一个JLabel(" ")作为占位符是不必要的，因为GridLayout会自动处理布局 // rightPanel.add(new JLabel(" "), BorderLayout.CENTER); // 移除这个不必要的代码 // 将leftPanel和rightPanel添加到mainPanel中 mainPanel.add(leftPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); mainPanel.add(rightPanel, BorderLayout.EAST); // 初始化并更新订单显示 updateOrderDisplays(); // 返回创建的主界面面板 return mainPanel; } // 显示订单列表的方法 private void showOrders(List<Order> orders) { if (orders.isEmpty()) { // 如果没有订单，则显示一个消息框提示没有订单 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "当前没有订单！"); } else { // 如果有订单，则创建一个消息框显示所有订单信息 String message = "订单信息：\n"; for (Order order : orders) { message += order.toString() + "\n"; } JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, message, "订单列表", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); } } // 显示车次列表的方法 private void showTrainList() { // 创建一个对话框用于显示车次列表 JDialog dialog = new JDialog(frame, "车次列表", true); dialog.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); dialog.setSize(400, 300); // 创建一个面板用于显示火车信息，布局为GridLayout，大小与trainList的大小一致 JPanel trainInfoPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(trainList.size(), 1)); // 遍历trainList中的每一辆火车 for (Train train : trainList) { // 为每一辆火车创建一个面板 JPanel trainPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); // 创建订票和候补按钮 JButton bookButton = new JButton("订票"); JButton waitlistButton = new JButton("候补"); waitlistButton.setVisible(false); // 默认情况下不显示候补按钮 // 为订票按钮添加点击事件监听器 bookButton.addActionListener(evt -> { if (train.book()) { // 如果订票成功，则添加订单并显示成功消息 addOrder(train, true); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "订票成功！"); dialog.dispose(); // 关闭车次列表对话框 } else { // 如果订票失败（没有剩余座位），则显示候补按钮 waitlistButton.setVisible(true); } }); // 为候补按钮添加点击事件监听器 waitlistButton.addActionListener(evt -> { // 添加候补订单并显示成功消息 addOrder(train, false); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "候补成功！"); dialog.dispose(); // 关闭车次列表对话框 }); // 在trainPanel中添加火车信息和按钮 trainPanel.add(new JLabel(train.getTrainNumber() + " - " + train.getDepartureTime() + " - 剩余票数：" + train.getRemainingSeats()), BorderLayout.CENTER); JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); buttonPanel.add(bookButton); buttonPanel.add(waitlistButton); trainPanel.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.EAST); // 将trainPanel添加到trainInfoPanel中 trainInfoPanel.add(trainPanel); } // 创建一个滚动面板来包含trainInfoPanel，并添加到对话框中 JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(trainInfoPanel); dialog.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER); // 将滚动面板添加到对话框的中心位置 // 设置对话框的位置相对于父窗口居中 dialog.setLocationRelativeTo(frame); // 设置对话框为可见 dialog.setVisible(true); } // 添加订单到对应列表的方法 private void addOrder(Train train, boolean isPaid) { Order order = new Order(train, isPaid); // 创建一个新的订单对象 // 根据订单是否已支付，将其添加到对应的列表中 if (isPaid) { paidOrders.add(order); // 添加到已支付订单列表 myTickets.add(order); // 添加到本人车票列表 } else { waitingListOrders.add(order); // 添加到候补订单列表 } // 更新订单显示面板的内容 updateOrderDisplays(); } // 更新订单显示面板的方法 private void updateOrderDisplays() { // 清除之前的订单信息 paidPanel.removeAll(); waitingListPanel.removeAll(); myTicketsPanel.removeAll(); // 遍历订单列表，将订单信息添加到对应的面板中 for (Order order : paidOrders) { paidPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString())); } for (Order order : waitingListOrders) { waitingListPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString())); } for (Order order : myTickets) { myTicketsPanel.add(new JLabel(order.toString())); } // 重新绘制面板以显示新的订单信息 paidPanel.repaint(); waitingListPanel.repaint(); myTicketsPanel.repaint(); } // 初始化火车数据的方法 private void initTrainData() { trainList = new ArrayList<>(); // 添加几辆火车到trainList中，包括车次、发车时间和剩余座位数 trainList.add(new Train("G123", "08:00", 150)); trainList.add(new Train("G124", "09:30", 100)); trainList.add(new Train("G125", "11:00", 200)); trainList.add(new Train("G126", "13:00", 0)); // 这辆火车没有剩余座位 trainList.add(new Train("G127", "15:00", 75)); } // 火车类Train，表示一辆火车 class Train { // ...（类的成员变量和方法省略，已在前面定义） // book方法，尝试预订火车票 public boolean book() { if (remainingSeats > 0) { // 如果剩余座位数大于0 remainingSeats--; // 预订成功后，剩余座位数减1 return true; // 返回true表示预订成功 } return false; // 返回false表示预订失败（没有剩余座位） } } // 订单类Order，表示一个订单 class Order { // ...（类的成员变量和方法省略，已在前面定义） // toString方法，返回订单的字符串表示形式 @Override public String toString() { return isPaid ? "已支付: " + train.getTrainNumber() + " " + train.getDepartureTime() : "候补: " + train.getTrainNumber() + " " + train.getDepartureTime(); } } // 主方法，程序入口 public static void main(String[] args) { new TrainBookingSystem(); // 创建TrainBookingSystem对象，启动订票系统 }
}
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