【C++】实现学生管理系统(完整版)

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学生管理系统功能概览，具体操作大家可以自己运行试试：

代码概览：

OperationManagement.h  将学生，成绩等信息等从文件中读取出来以及其他操作，放入容器中，便于操作，不用一直对文件进行I/O.
Score.h  用于对成绩抽象，并实现了>>的重载，便于文件读入，读出
Student.h  对学生进行的抽象，同样实现了>>的重载，便于文件读入，读出

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全部代码与讲解:
1.sms.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "OperationManagement.h"
int main()
{OperationManagement om;om.init();while (true){om.showMenu();cout << "请输入您要使用的功能序号：" << endl;int choice;cin >> choice;switch (choice){case 0:                   //添加功能om.addStudent();break;case 1:                   //删除功能  om.deleteStudent();break;case 2:                   //更新功能om.updateStudent();break;case 3:                   om.addScore();break;case 4:                   om.deleteScore();break;case 5:                   om.updateScore();break;case 6:                   om.displayStudentInfo();break;default:system("cls");       //cls的作用是清空屏幕的功能，使用户可以再次输入选项数字break;}}system("pause");             //使程序有一个暂停阻碍的功能，防止界面突然退出return 0;}

score.cpp

#include "Score.h"Score::Score()
{
}Score::Score(string id, string course, int score): studentId(id), courseName(course), scoreValue(score) {}string Score::getStudentId() { return studentId; }string Score::getCourseName() { return courseName; }int Score::getScoreValue() { return scoreValue; }void Score::setStudentId(string id) {studentId = id;
}void Score::setCourseName(string course) {courseName = course;
}void Score::setScoreValue(int score) {scoreValue = score;
}istream& operator>>(istream& input, Score* s) {input >> s->studentId >> s->courseName >> s->scoreValue ;return input;
}ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Score* s) {output << s->studentId << " " << s->courseName << " " << s->scoreValue  << endl;return output;
}void Score::display() {cout << "学生ID: " << studentId << " "<<"课程名称: " << courseName << " "<<"分值: " << scoreValue << endl;
}

student.cpp

#include "Student.h"Student::Student()
{
}Student::Student(string id,string n, string dorm,string phone): studentId(id), name(n), dormitory(dorm), phoneNumber(phone) {}string Student::getStudentId() { return studentId; }string Student::getName() { return name; }string Student::getDormitory() { return dormitory; }string Student::getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; }void Student::setStudentId(string id) {studentId = id;
}void Student::setName(string n) {name = n;
}void Student::setDormitory(string dorm) {dormitory = dorm;
}void Student::setPhoneNumber(string phone) {phoneNumber = phone;
}istream& operator>>(istream& input, Student* s) {input >> s->studentId >> s->name >> s->dormitory >> s->phoneNumber  ;return input;
}ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Student* s) {output << s->studentId << " " << s->name << " " << s->dormitory << " " << s->phoneNumber ;return output;
}

OperationManagement.cpp

#include "OperationManagement.h"
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>using namespace std;
void OperationManagement::init()
{ifstream readFile;readFile.open("students.txt");if (!readFile.is_open()){cout << "学生数据读取错误" << endl;readFile.close();return;}while (!readFile.eof()){Student* student = new Student();readFile >>student;string id = student->getStudentId();students[id] = student;}readFile.close();readFile.open("scores.txt");if (!readFile.is_open()){cout << "成绩数据读取错误" << endl;readFile.close();return;}while (!readFile.eof()){Score* score = new Score();readFile >> score;string id = score->getStudentId();scores.insert(make_pair(id, score));}readFile.close();
}void OperationManagement::displayStudentInfo() {string studentId;cout << "请输入您要查询的学生学号" << endl;cin >> studentId;for (auto map : students) {if (map.first == studentId) {Student* student = map.second;cout << "学号: "<< studentId <<"学生信息如下：" << endl;cout << "姓名: " << student->getName() << " " << "宿舍: " << student->getDormitory() << " " << "电话: " << student->getPhoneNumber() << endl;// 查询学生成绩cout << "该生成绩情况如下：" << endl;if (scores.size() == 0) {cout << "暂无成绩" << endl;}else {for (auto smap : scores) {if (smap.first == studentId) {Score* score = new Score();score = smap.second;cout << "课程名: " << score->getCourseName() << " 分值: " << score->getScoreValue() << endl;}}}return;}}cout << "未找到该学生信息！" << endl;
}void OperationManagement::showMenu()
{cout << "------------O.o  欢迎您使用学生管理系统  o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  可用的功能编号如下 ：       o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  0，添加学生信息功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  1，查找学生信息功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  2，修改学生信息功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  3，添加学生成绩功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  4，删除学生成绩功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  5，修改学生成绩功能         o.O------------" << endl;cout << "------------O.o  6，查询学生信息         o.O------------" << endl;
}void OperationManagement::addStudent() {cout << "请输入您要添加的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (students.count(id) > 0) {cout << "该学号已存在，添加失败" << endl;}else {string name;string dormitory;string phoneNumber;cout << "请输入您要添加的学生的姓名:" << endl;cin >> name;cout << "请输入您要添加的学生的所在宿舍:" << endl;cin >> dormitory;cout << "请输入您要添加的学生的电话:" << endl;cin >> phoneNumber;Student* student = new Student(id, name, dormitory, phoneNumber);students[id] = student;ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::app);writeFile << endl << student;cout << "学生信息添加成功！" << endl;}
}void OperationManagement::deleteStudent() {cout << "请输入您要删除的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (students.count(id) == 0) {cout << "该学号不存在，删除失败" << endl;}else {auto it = students.find(id);// 如果找到了对应的学生，则从unordered_map中删除该学生if (it != students.end()) {delete it->second;  // 删除指针指向的内存students.erase(it);  // 从unordered_map中删除该学生ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::out);for (auto student : students){writeFile << endl << student.second;}cout << "删除成功" << endl;}else {cout << "删除失败，未知错误" << endl;}}
}void OperationManagement::updateStudent() {cout << "请输入您要修改的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (students.count(id) == 0) {cout << "该学号不存在，修改失败" << endl;}else {auto it = students.find(id);string cmd, name;string dormitory;string phoneNumber;if (it != students.end()) {while (1){cout << "请输入您要修改的相应信息,输入对应序号即可:" << endl;cout << "1.修改学生姓名" << endl;cout << "2.修改学生宿舍" << endl;cout << "3.修改学生电话" << endl;cout << "若您确认修改，请输入:y" << endl;cin >> cmd;if (cmd == "1"){cout << "请输入您要修改为的学生姓名:" << endl;cin >> name;it->second->setName(name);}else if (cmd == "2"){cout << "请输入您要修改为的宿舍:" << endl;cin >> dormitory;it->second->setDormitory(dormitory);}else if (cmd == "3"){cout << "请输入您要修改为的电话:" << endl;cin >> phoneNumber;it->second->setPhoneNumber(phoneNumber);}else if (cmd == "y"){ofstream writeFile("students.txt", ios::out);for (auto student : students){writeFile << endl << student.second;}writeFile.close();cout << "修改成功" << endl;break;}}}}
}void OperationManagement::addScore() {cout << "请输入您要添加成绩的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (students.count(id) == 0) {cout << "该学号不存在，添加失败" << endl;}else {string courseName;int scoreValue;cout << "请输入您要添加的课程名称:" << endl;cin >> courseName;bool flag = false;for (auto score : scores){if (score.second->getCourseName() == courseName){flag = true;break;}}if (flag){cout << "该学生本课程已有分数若要修改，请使用修改成绩功能" << endl;}cout << "请输入您要添加的课程分值:" << endl;cin >> scoreValue;Score* score = new Score(id, courseName,scoreValue);scores.insert(make_pair(id, score));ofstream writeFile("scores.txt", ios::app);writeFile << endl << score;cout << "学生成绩添加成功！" << endl;}
}void OperationManagement::deleteScore() {cout << "请输入您要删除成绩的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (scores.count(id) == 0) {cout << "该学号学生暂无课程成绩，删除失败" << endl;}else {cout << "找到该学生课程成绩情况如下" << endl;for (auto score : scores){if (score.second->getStudentId() == id){score.second->display();}}cout << "请输入您要删除的该学生课程成绩名称" << endl;string delName;cin >> delName;bool flag = false;for (auto it = scores.begin(); it != scores.end(); ) {// 获取当前元素的键和值string studentId = it->first;Score* score = it->second;// 如果需要删除该元素，则进行删除操作if (studentId == id && score->getCourseName() == delName) {delete score;  // 释放Score对象占用的内存it = scores.erase(it);  // 从unordered_map中删除该元素flag = true;break;}else {++it;  // 移动到下一个元素}}if (flag){ofstream writeFile("scores.txt", ios::out);for (auto score : scores){writeFile << endl << score.second;}cout << "删除成功" << endl;}else {cout << "删除失败，该学生没有此课程名称的成绩" << endl;}}
}void OperationManagement::updateScore() {cout << "请输入您要修改成绩的学生的学号:" << endl;string id;cin >> id;// 检查学生是否已存在if (scores.count(id) == 0) {cout << "该学号学生暂无课程成绩，修改失败" << endl;}else {cout << "找到该学生课程成绩情况如下" << endl;for (auto score : scores){if (score.second->getStudentId() == id){score.second->display();}}cout << "请输入您要修改的该学生课程成绩名称" << endl;string upName;cin >> upName;bool flag = false;for (auto it = scores.begin(); it != scores.end(); ) {// 获取当前元素的键和值string studentId = it->first;Score* score = it->second;// 如果需要删除该元素，则进行修改操作if (studentId == id && score->getCourseName() == upName) {cout << "请输入您要修改为的分值:" << endl;int newS;cin >> newS;score->setScoreValue(newS);flag = true;break;}else {++it;  // 移动到下一个元素}}if (flag){ofstream writeFile("scores.txt", ios::out);for (auto score : scores){writeFile << endl << score.second;}cout << "修改成功" << endl;}else {cout << "修改失败，该学生没有此课程名称的成绩" << endl;}}
}

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