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在使用Junit对Spring MVC的service层进行测试时，当使用以下两个注解，且配置正确。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml")
运行Junit用例时，报如下错误：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContextat org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler#0': Failed to introspect bean class [org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler] for lookup method metadata: could not find class that it depends on; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletResponseat org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:269)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1126)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1099)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:312)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:308)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:106)at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:249)at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)... 24 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletResponseat java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975)at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:613)at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:524)at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:510)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.determineCandidateConstructors(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:247)... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletResponseat java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)... 48 more
参考https://blog.csdn.net/babyLetsGo/article/details/90171632，在pom文件中，增加
<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.0.1</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>问题得到解决，原因是默认使用的servlet-api的版本过低。
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