Qt-qmake install相关

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Qt-qmake install相关

简介

在之前的博文中，已经说过相关 autotools,qmake转cmake，cmake-cpack,checkinstall，linuxdeployqt ,本博文将qt 安装配置做一个简单的讲解，搭配 linuxdeployqt 来说明，qmake 安装配置。

官方说明;

It is common on Unix to also use the build tool to install applications and libraries; for example, by invoking make install. For this reason, qmake has the concept of an install set, an object which contains instructions about the way a part of a project is to be installed.

中文说明：

在Unix上也经常使用构建工具来安装应用程序和库;例如，通过调用make install。由于这个原因，qmake有一个安装集的概念，这个对象包含关于安装项目的一部分的说明。

官方文档路径：INSTALL files

中文翻译路径：安装文件

DEMO

在官方文档中的相关样例如下

documentation.path = /usr/local/program/doc #安装路径
documentation.files = docs/* #安装文件
unix:documentation.extra = create_docs; mv master.doc toc.doc #额外命令
INSTALLS += documentation # 安装命令

笔者Demo:

默认已经将安装所需要的所有文件放置到Makefile同级目录

Pro工程文件

#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2021-01-04T09:37:29
#
#-------------------------------------------------QT       += core guigreaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgetsTARGET = App
TEMPLATE = app# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which has been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
DEFINES += LINUX_OS_VERSION==$$QT_ARCH
DEFINES += QT_MESSAGELOGCONTEXT# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0message($$QT_ARCH)
message($$QT_VERSION)contains(QT_ARCH, x86_64){message("LINUX_OS_X86_64")DEFINES += LINUX_OS_X86_64
}else{message("LINUX_OS_ARM64")DEFINES += LINUX_OS_ARM64
}exists ($$PWD/../.git) {GIT_BRANCH   = $$system(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)GIT_TIME     = $$system(git show --oneline --format=\"%ci%H\" -s HEAD)APP_VERSION = "VersionInfo: $${GIT_BRANCH} : $${GIT_TIME}"
} else {APP_VERSION     = None
}
DEFINES += APP_VERSION=\"\\\"$$APP_VERSION\\\"\"
message($$APP_VERSION)INCLUDEPATH += widgetSOURCES += \main.cpp \HEADERS += \FORMS += \#LIBRARY options
QMAKE_CC += -g
QMAKE_CXX += -g
QMAKE_LINK += -gmessage($$OUT_PWD)INCLUDEPATH += $$QT_SYSROOT/usr/local/include/LIBS += #只说明下属文档部分
DEFINES += INSTALL_PATH_DEAULT
INSTALL_PATH_DEAULT = /usr/local/Appcontains(DEFINES, INSTALL_PATH){message(Prefix=$$INSTALL_PATH)
}else{DEFINES += INSTALL_PATHINSTALL_PATH = $$INSTALL_PATH_DEAULTmessage(default=$$INSTALL_PATH)
}res.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/res
res.files=$$PWD/res/*depends.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/lib
depends.files=$$OUT_PWD/lib/*plugins.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/plugins
plugins.files=$$OUT_PWD/plugins/*platforms.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/platforms
platforms.files=$$OUT_PWD/platforms/*translations.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/translations
translations.files=$$OUT_PWD/translations/*runbin.path=$$INSTALL_PATH
runbin.files=$$OUT_PWD/Appexists ($$INSTALL_PATH/doc){documentation.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/docdocumentation.files=$$OUT_PWD/doc/*INSTALLS += res runbin documentation depends plugins platforms translations
}else{INSTALLS += res runbin depends plugins platforms translations
}

默认工程配置相关项就不做讲解了，只讲解相关安装配置项。

配置安装路径

假设生成的目标文件为：

TARGET = App

DEFINES += INSTALL_PATH_DEAULT #定义默认安装路径
INSTALL_PATH_DEAULT = /usr/local/App #设置默认安装路径值 默认安装路径为： /usr/local/App
#如果定义了安装路径，则使用定义的安装路径，如果未定义安装路径，则采用默认安装路径
contains(DEFINES, INSTALL_PATH){message(Prefix=$$INSTALL_PATH)
}else{DEFINES += INSTALL_PATHINSTALL_PATH = $$INSTALL_PATH_DEAULTmessage(default=$$INSTALL_PATH)
}

未定义安装路径：

mkdir build
cd build
qmake ../App.pro
#输出如下
Info: creating stash file /code/App/App/build/.qmake.stash
Project MESSAGE: x86_64
Project MESSAGE: 5.9.5
Project MESSAGE: LINUX_OS_X86_64
Project MESSAGE: VersionInfo: cmake-pro : 2021-07-20 16:15:47 +080048baa388f1802ac2ba23618883ceeb6dd2e68e16
Project MESSAGE: /code/rdpclient/App/build
Project MESSAGE: default=/usr/local/App

定义安装路径：

qmake "DEFINES += INSTALL_PATH" "INSTALL_PATH = /opt/install" ../App.pro
#输出如下
Project MESSAGE: x86_64
Project MESSAGE: 5.9.5
Project MESSAGE: LINUX_OS_X86_64
Project MESSAGE: VersionInfo: cmake-pro : 2021-07-20 16:15:47 +080048baa388f1802ac2ba23618883ceeb6dd2e68e16
Project MESSAGE: /code/App/App/build
Project MESSAGE: Prefix=/opt/install

如上可见，INSTALL_PATH 的作用。

资源文件

资源文件夹默认在 .pro工程文件同级目录。$$PWD为pro文件的当前目录

res.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/res
res.files=$$PWD/res/*

依赖库

depends.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/lib
depends.files=$$OUT_PWD/lib/*

插件

plugins.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/plugins
plugins.files=$$OUT_PWD/plugins/*

平台

platforms.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/platforms
platforms.files=$$OUT_PWD/platforms/*

translations

translations.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/translations
translations.files=$$OUT_PWD/translations/*

可执行程序

runbin.path=$$INSTALL_PATH
runbin.files=$$OUT_PWD/App

文档

documentation.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/doc
documentation.files=$$OUT_PWD/doc/*

安装

INSTALLS += res runbin depends plugins platforms translations

其他相关语法

exists

在 Demo 中，有一句这样的语法

exists ($$INSTALL_PATH/doc){ documentation.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/docdocumentation.files=$$OUT_PWD/doc/*INSTALLS += res runbin documentation depends plugins platforms translations
}else{INSTALLS += res runbin depends plugins platforms translations
}

释义为判断 doc 文件夹是否存在，存在执行

documentation.path=$$INSTALL_PATH/doc documentation.files=$$OUT_PWD/doc/* INSTALLS += res runbin documentation depends plugins platforms translations

不存在执行：INSTALLS += res runbin depends plugins platforms translations

平台兼容

win32{}
unix{}
macx{}

上述搭配使用，可以针对不同的平台，进行不同的安装配置。

宏定义相关

可以和笔者的Demo 一样，在qmake 的时候进行宏定义，赋值等相关，来进行配置。

extra

在上述简介中有这样的一句：

unix:documentation.extra = create_docs; mv master.doc toc.doc

释义，在 unix平台中，文档安装：创建文档;执行文件的命名。

如上，我们在安装对应的操作时，也可以执行对应的语法。create_touch; touch

或者脚本执行的相关命令。根据上述猜测，可以执行 bash 语法。笔者没有测试是否执行复杂的语法或者脚本。

Demo编译

linuxdeployqt ./App -verbose=2 -appimage
mv plugins/platforms ./
checkinstall --pkgname=Appt --pkgversion=1.1.0 --pkgrelease=1 --pkglicense=GPL --pkggroup=root --maintainer=Troila --pakdir=../../deb_output -y
make uninstall