本文主要是介绍Git幕后的“故事”，希望对大家解决编程问题提供一定的参考价值，需要的开发者们随着小编来一起学习吧！
因为做操作系统实验的原因，所以通读了一遍《Understanding git conceptually》，觉得确实不错，于是就简单地记录一下。有的地方理解的还不是很深，可能不够准确，等抽时间好好读一下《Pro Git》。
作者开篇说到：仅仅记住在什么时候用什么命令是不够的，出问题只是早晚的事。只有理解了Git的工作原理，才算真正学会Git。遗憾的是大部分网上的教程都只是教你在何时使用哪个命令，然后让你去模仿。说得这么好，那就看看作者这篇教程是否把Git的工作原理讲清楚了。注意：以下1.2.1到1.2.3都是本地化操作，不要看到仓库、分支、合并等词语就以为一定是远程操作了，1.2.4才会讲到多人协同开发时的远程操作。
1.Commit Object和Head
使用Git的目的当然就是管理项目文件的版本变化，在Git中保存所有管理信息的数据结构叫做仓库（Repository）。可以在一个文件夹中通过命令git init创建仓库。仓库保存在项目文件目录下的一个叫做.git的文件夹中，它由两部分组成：
- 提交对象（Commit object）：反映项目状态的一组文件、对父提交对象的引用、当前提交对象的SHA-1签名构成了提交对象。父提交对象的引用使得仓库的提交对象形成了一个有向无环图，我们可以一直遍历到第一次提交。每当我们要查询或操作仓库，都应该以如何操作commit object图的角度去思考。
- 对提交对象的引用（Head）：每个Head都有个名字，默认每个仓库都有个叫做master的Head。此外，指向当前活跃Head的引用叫做HEAD（二级引用）。
例如，下面就是提交三次后的对象图：
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span>><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">^</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">^</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>
我们日常的工作流程一般如下，下面就从图的角度说明一下Git在背后到底做了什么：
- 修改一些代码
git log查看历史记录：显示从HEAD到初始提交的所有提交日志。用log命令显示出每个提交对象的SHA-1签名，我们就能控制HEAD的移动。git status查看修改文件列表：显示当前项目状态与HEAD发生变化的文件列表。git diff比较修改内容：显示当前项目状态与HEAD发生变化的文件内容。git commit -am "message"提交修改：创建提交对象，将HEAD作为父提交对象。提交完成后，HEAD将指向刚创建的新提交对象。-a参数相当于git add，自动将修改文件添加到提交列表里。
2.Branching
下面说说Git中的分支（Branch）。在Git中，Branch与Head几乎是等同的。每个Branch都由一个Head来表示。所以，我们用Branch指分支的Head以及它的所有父对象构成的整个历史，用Head指单独一个提交对象，一般是分支中最近的提交。Git分支的最佳实践是：用分支实现新特性，保证master（主干）始终处于可发布的状态。Git用户经常会说：”commits are cheap”，当每个开发者都在自己的分支上提交时是不用担心任何东西的，因为你不会影响到其他人！
继续上面提交三次的那个例子，我们首先用git branch [new-head-name] [reference-to]命令新建一个Head。其中，HEAD^表示HEAD的父级，如果未提供提交对象的话，默认为HEAD。如果只是执行git branch则会列出所有Head：
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">git</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">branch</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD^</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
要开始在新分支上工作，就要将新创建的Head设置为HEAD，可以通过git checkout [head-name]完成。注意：checkout不只会修改HEAD的指向，它还会重写文件夹中的所有文件来匹配新HEAD指向提交对象所表示的项目状态。所以，checkout之前最好提交所有修改。切换完成后，再提交后对象图就变成了下面的样子：
<code class="hljs 1c has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> +-------------- (D)/ <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> (A) -- (B) -- (C) <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">| |</span>master fix-headers<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span>HEAD</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
现在继续看常用命令，脑海里一定从图的角度思考：
git checkout [branch_name]切换分支：切换HEAD指向的位置git checkout -t [branch_name]新建分支
3.Merging
当你在分支上完成开发时就需要将改动Merge回master，命令就是git merge [head]和git pull . [head]。假设当前Head叫做HEAD，分支Head叫做fix-headers，则Git的代码合并过程如下：
- 找到HEAD和fix-headers的共同祖先，假设叫ancestor，先看两种简单情况：
1.1 如果ancestor是fix-headers，则什么都不做
1.2 如果ancestor是HEAD，则执行fast-forward-merge - 否则，比较出fix-headers在ancestor后的改动，将这些改动合并到HEAD
2.1 如果没有冲突，则创建一个新的提交对象，以HEAD和fix-headers为父级，并将HEAD指向这个新对象，并更新项目文件
2.2 如果有冲突，则不创建提交对象，插入冲突的标记，通知用户处理
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fast</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">forward</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">merge的例子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">current</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">执行`git</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">merge</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers`合并之后的样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">,</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">current</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">复杂情况下的合并例子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">执行`git</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">merge</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers`合并之后的样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">\</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(F)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">fix</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">headers</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>
4.协同开发
前面讲到过：Git的重要特点就是Repository与项目文件是保存在一起的，所以Git可以在无需连网的状态下正常工作。但是这也意味着不同的开发者在默认情况下是不共享Repository的。为了实现共享，Git使用分布式模型（Distribution Model）版本管理，既可以无中心化也可以有中心。
首先要访问你朋友的远程仓库就需要一个位置，叫做remote-specification，Git可以通过SSH、HTTP等协议对外提供访问。然后就可以通过git clone [remote-specification]下载远程仓库到本地了。除了简单的拷贝，Git会给远程Repository创建一个reference叫做origin，同时还会给每个Head新建一个Head，名字以”origin/”开头来区分：
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">远程仓库的样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">feature</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">你clone后的本地仓库是这个样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/master</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">,</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/feature</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>
当远程仓库变化时，我们可以通过git fetch [remote-repository-reference]命令将改动抓取到本地，生成对应的提交对象，再用前面讲过的git pull [remote-repository-reference] [remote-head-name]进行合并。其实，pull命令也会自动进行fetch，所以平时我们直接使用pull就可以了。来看一个例子，假设你朋友在跟你一起开发，他本地的Repository变成了这个样子：
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(F)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(G)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(H)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">feature</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">在你执行fetch之后你的仓库是这个样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(F)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(G)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(H)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">feature</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/master</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/feature</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">注意：你的Head并未受任何影响，变化的只是带有"origin/"的Head。</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">现在就用pull命令合并，更新你的master和feature，完成后你的仓库就成了这个样子：</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">+</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(E)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(F)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(G)</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(B)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(C)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(D)</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">(H)</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">feature</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/master</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">,</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">origin/feature</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">master</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">|</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HEAD</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li></ul>
与之相反，将本地修改发送到远程仓库使用git push [remote-repository-reference] [remote-head-name]，远程仓库会负责提交对象的创建以及Head的合并移动等工作。要注意的是：向远程仓库push时，要求必须是fast-forward合并。
整理一下这部分的常用命令：
git pull [remote-repository-reference] [remote-head-name]下载分支代码
这篇关于Git幕后的“故事”的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对编程师们有所帮助！
